Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:32:52 Alleged delay retirement category advance， public official or consensus
Delaying retirement category propulsion
Small step jogging on public officers
Reporter Wang Xiaohui, reporting from Beijing
Argued for years finally postponing retirement age from "rumor" into reality.
The night of November 12, the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision bulletins come at the appointed time, "build a more fair and sustainable social security system" are words only.
But 3 days Hou, November 15 announced of CPC Central Committee on full deepening reform several major problem of decided under (Xia said decided under) full text clear made, research developed progressive type delay retired age policy, and achieved based pension national and Manpower, and designated turn part State-owned capital full social security fund, and advance organ institutions pension insurance system reform and timely appropriate reduced social security rates five big about social security of major problem.
"Introduced so many big decisions about social security accident, but in my opinion, they said. Because today have too much pressure on pension, when that has to be resolved, covers a broader, affecting in particular postponing retirement age is larger and use discretion. "On November 19, a person close to society interview with the China Times reporter, said in an interview, delay the retirement age set the tone was" small step jogging ", want full use of available human resources at the same time, solve the social security funding problems.
While there is publicly available data indicates, extend the retirement age each year, old-age solidarity fund grew by 4 billion yuan, cutting spending 16 billion yuan, slowing Fund gap of 20 billion yuan.
Public officers
There is no doubt that delay the retirement age is a foregone conclusion, but on their different impacts on different groups, this reform temporarily not in full swing.
"Small step jogging several forms, first of all, scope, does not develop overall classification, for example, by area, by region or by groups, which group is best for which, secondly, extension of time, not all at once across many years, extended to 65 years old, at most, but it also needs the master scale. "These people close to persons Department believes that highly skilled brain workers or would become the forerunner of the extension of the retirement age, most of these people also want to extend the retirement age, but you can also bring significant economic benefits to the community.
In a pension scheme before the release of the Tsinghua University have filed, about 50 years old and hard difficulties women workers post peel out of these two categories of disadvantaged groups of workers are delaying retirement programmes, continuity prior to retirement age and programmes.
"Although postponing retirement is inevitable choice, but also to the lowest social cost approach to early start to slow. "November 20, Tsinghua University employment and social security research center director Yang Yansui accept Huaxia times under reporter interview Shi said, specific extended back programme due following four a aspects of consider: first, delineation out not participation extended back of" elderly "range; second, to out notice period and timetable, but to strictly prohibited clumped together bribery handle ahead of retired; third, classification implementation, civil servants according to unified provides retired, institution first postponed, disabled according to disability degree at any time tuiyang, again approved hard post, Uniform provisions for early retirement age; IV, stipulate a minimum payment age limit to receive a full pension, the establishment in advance receive a partial pension, deferred the excess pension incentives, measures to increase payment age limit is the boot delay retirement.
It can be seen that neither the official nor the experts, public officials seem to have reached a consensus. Because it's not conducive to decrease the resistance of postponing retirement age and delayed retirement lessons learned can also be in full swing. But the provisions for deferred retirement age, is one 65 years old or in an increasing manner, pending rule's launch is announced.
"The ancestor of the relevant rules should have probably, though not in the decision soon after. "This approach human Department said. According to his judgment, two sessions to discuss relevant rules may be introduced in the coming year, public hearing the views of all parties.
Reform and interlocking
Although the full text of the decision is most concerned about delaying retirement age, but many aspects are referred to social security problems, is the layout of a game of chess.
"The resolution sets the ' transparent budgets, distribution, integration of urban and rural, actuarial balance, lower tax rates, exemptions and extensions, dividends of State-owned enterprises to social security, and perfecting the social security system and agencies ' package of policies, sources of financing, fund management, payment for the treatment of three aspects to achieve social equity, sustainability and mobility. "Said Yang Yansui, delay the retirement age is a system of intergenerational equity and sustainability performance, end the fragmented and short-term behavior, which can enter the Chinese social security system.
It is obvious that the decision of every decision are linked, each reform was far-reaching.
Pension system does not combine the basic old-age pension is difficult to achieve national co-ordination around the basic old-age pension is not for national integration will lead to old-age insurance fund revenue and expenditure balance and imbalance, triggering payment burden of injustice, imbalance of shared responsibility, the Fund being concurrent, high running costs, funds depreciate risks continue to accumulate a wide range of issues, such as, and the problem will undoubtedly exacerbate the fragmentation of old-age support system.
At the same time, implementation of the public old-age pension insurance system reform will inevitably involve "combination" pension system once the combination inevitably involves the creation of occupational pension and supplementary pension insurance, which are undoubtedly conducive to building a multi-level social security system, and ultimately improve the level of workers ' retirement pension after treatment ends.
"A reasonable pension structure is the most difficult and most crucial aspect. Is to achieve basic old-age pension and Manpower, opened for SOEs pensions channel. Concrete path may be to achieve workers ' old-age insurance institutions national co-ordination, co-ordination, integrated urban and rural residents, the establishment of pension entitlements adjustment mechanism, this is the ancestor of the national basic pension. II is the perfect personal accounts, protect the interests of beneficiaries. This requirement for personal accounts empty account dividends of State-owned enterprises, wool grows on the sheep, which is fair. "Yang Yansui recommends, in addition, you also need to establish the trustee system, standard capital markets, develop sound investment strategies, achieving the goal of value, so that pension savers share the fruits of economic progress.
According to press reports, the decision has made it very clear that in 2020, the dividends will be made to 30% State-owned enterprises, more used to safeguard and improve people's livelihood. Prior to that, moved forcefully turned into five categories, the highest ratio is 20%, at least not be handed over.
This reporter learned that the provisions relating to social security according to the decision of the third plenary, one Department has delayed retirement age, pension the co-ordination and unification of the pension system, social security payment rates adjust, Supplement 5 problems of social security funds into the next important part of social security reform.
Deepening reform in a series of major strategic deployment, layout of the social security reform has been tentative. Source: Huaxia times
延迟退休将分类推进
小步慢跑 公职人员先行
本报记者 王晓慧 北京报道
被争论数年的延迟退休年龄终于从“谣言”变为现实。
11月12日晚，《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》公报如期而至，“建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度”仅被一语带过。
不过3天后，11月15日公布的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(下称《决定》)全文明确提出，研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策、实现基础养老金全国统筹、划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金、推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革以及适时适当降低社会保险费率五大有关社保的重大问题。
“一下子出台这么多有关社保的重大决策看似意外，但在我看来却在情理之中。因为如今养老金的压力太大了，已到了必须解决的时候，特别是延迟退休年龄涉及面比较广、影响比较大，更需格外谨慎。”11月19日，一位接近人社部的人士接受《华夏时报》记者采访时表示，延迟退休年龄的定调是“小步慢跑”，希望在充分发挥可利用人才资源的同时，解决社保资金问题。
而有公开数据表明，退休年龄每延长一年，养老统筹基金可增长40亿元，减支160亿元，减缓基金缺口200亿元。
公职人员先行
毫无疑问，延迟退休年龄已成定局，但究于其对不同群体所造成的不同影响，此改革暂不会全面推开。
“小步慢跑分几种形式，首先，从范围上来讲，不会全面开展而是分类开展，比如按领域、按区域或是按群体，哪个群体最适合哪个就先开展；其次，就延长时间而言，不会一下子跨越很多年限，顶多延长到65岁，但这中间同样需要掌握尺度。”上述接近人社部的人士认为，高技术脑力劳动者或会成为延长退休年龄的先行者，这部分人也大多希望延长退休年龄，而且还可以给社会带来明显的经济效益。
而在较前发布的清华版养老方案中也提出，50岁左右的困难女职工和艰苦岗位职工这两类困难群体被剥离出延迟退休方案，依然延续之前的退休年龄和方案。
“虽说延迟退休是必然选择，但还是要以社会成本最低的方式进行，早起步才能慢速度。”11月20日，清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心主任杨燕绥接受《华夏时报》记者采访时表示，具体延退方案应有以下四个方面的考虑：第一，划定出不参与延退的“老人”范围；第二，给出预告期和时间表，但要严格禁止扎堆行贿办理提前退休；第三，分类实施，公务员按照统一规定退休，事业单位先行推迟，残疾人按照伤残程度随时退养，重新核定艰苦岗位，统一规定提前退休年限；第四，规定最低领取全额养老金的缴费年限，建立提前领取部分养老金，推迟领取超额养老金的激励机制，增加缴费年限是引导延迟退休的措施。
由此可见，无论是官方还是专家，公职人员先行似乎已达成共识。因为这不光有利于减小延迟退休年龄的阻力，同样可以为全面推开延迟退休总结经验。但对于延迟退休年龄的规定，是一步到位65岁还是以逐年递增的方式，尚待细则出台之时才可揭晓。
“相关细则应该有大概的雏形，不过不会在《决定》后很快推出来。”上述接近人社部的相关人士表示。据他判断，明年两会或许会推出相关细则进行讨论，公开听取一下各方的意见。
改革环环相扣
虽然《决定》全文关注度最高的是延迟退休年龄，但是社会保障提及的却是多个方面的问题，布局的是一盘棋。
“《决议》提出的‘分配秩序、透明预算、城乡整合、精算平衡、降低费率、减免和延期征税，国企红利用于社会保障，以及完善社会保障管理体制和经办机构’等一揽子政策，从资金来源、基金管理、待遇支付三个环节，实现社会保障的公平性、持续性和流动性。”杨燕绥表示，延迟退休年龄是代际公平和制度持续性的表现，结束碎片化状态和短期行为特征，从而中国社会保障可以进入体系建设。
很明显，《决定》中的每一项决策均是一环扣一环，每一个改革也都是牵一发而动全身。
养老金制度不并轨则很难实现基础养老金的全国统筹，基础养老金不进行全国统筹终将导致各地养老保险基金收支与结余不平衡，从而引发缴费负担不公、责任分担失衡、基金余缺并存、运行成本居高不下、基金贬值风险持续积累等一系列问题，而这些问题无疑又会加剧养老制度的碎片化程度。
同时，推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革势必涉及到“并轨”，养老金制度一旦并轨势必会涉及到建立职业年金等补充养老保险，而这无疑有利于构建多层次的社会保障体系，最终达到提高各类职工退休之后养老保障待遇水平的目的。
“建立合理的养老金结构是最难和最关键的环节。一是实现基础养老金全统筹，为养老金并轨打开了通道。具体路径可能是实现职工养老保险全国统筹、机关事业单位统筹、城乡居民统筹，建立养老金待遇调整机制，这就是国民基础养老金的雏形。二是完善个人账户，保护受益人权益。这需要用国企红利弥补个人账户空账，羊毛出在羊身上，这是公平的。”杨燕绥建议，除此之外，还需要建立受托人制度、规范资本市场、制定合理的投资策略，实现保值增值目标，让养老储蓄者分享经济进步的成果。
据记者了解，此次《决定》已明确提出，2020年，国企红利上缴比例将提至30%，更多用于保障和改善民生。在此之前，央企上缴比例分为五类，最高比例是20%，最低是不上缴。
本报记者了解到，根据三中全会《决定》对社保方面的规定，人社部已将延迟退休年龄、养老金的统筹、养老制度的并轨、社保缴费费率的调整、社会保障基金的补充5方面的问题纳入下一步社保改革的重要内容。
在深化改革的一系列重大战略部署中，社会保障改革的布局已初步显现。 来源：华夏时报
赞