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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:34:28 Experts predict increased risk for people in the coming months， Guangdong H7N9
H7N9 avian influenza virus transmission path: live poultry wholesale market → market → people
Main source H7N9 avian flu virus: poultry, such as chickens, ducks and pigeons cartographic/Ye Zicui
Control measures: one to monitor poultry market, second time influenza vaccination of yangcheng evening news reporter Chen Yingping report: 2013-prevention and control of influenza and human avian influenza surveillance in Guangdong province working conference held in Foshan, 20th. Guangdong Province, Chief specialist, Director of the communicable disease prevention and control at CDC He Jianfeng: "expected in the next few months, distributed in Guangdong Province people H7N9 avian influenza can significantly increase the risk of infection, so this winter and next spring, management is the core of the prevention and control of the poultry market. "He said, according to the province's historical influenza surveillance data show that winter at relatively low levels of influenza activity in Guangdong Province, is expected to be around February-March next year into a new round of the epidemic season.
Seven patients with prior contact with poultry
The reporter learns, H7N9 avian influenza infection risk factors has been through a number of studies show that close relationships are directly linked to poultry. Relevant departments of the State through the patient was found in 12 provinces across the country a total of 138 patients in a series of surveys found, including 70% prior to the onset of contact with poultry or to poultry environment, a series of test results prove that the source path of the virus are:--live poultry wholesale market – people in the retail market. Can attest, chickens, ducks, pigeons, poultry is the primary source of human infection of the disease.
He Jianfeng said, my poultry between H7N9 avian influenza virus cycle still continued exists, poultry class of farming, and circulation, and trading way and people--poultry contact exposed of way no get fundamental of change, so strengthened live poultry market daily management specification of practices on prevention H7N9 very effective, to insisted on has live poultry of market take day a cleaning, and a week a disinfection, and month a rest of practices, prevention.
Influenza vaccination prior to pregnancy prevention
He Jianfeng also said that Chinese new year seasonal flu season each year, members of the public in the prevention of avian flu and seasonal influenza do not get overconfident. People infected with seasonal flu viruses there are three main subtypes, namely, swine flu, H3N2 and b influenza. And influenza with easy variation characteristics of almost annual influenza vaccine components under influenza surveillance data were used for the year, coupled with the influenza vaccine protection lasts for about a year, so would need to beat the flu vaccine each year. Flu vaccine now covers three types of influenza subtype compositions, three kinds of influenza can be prevented.
According to the characteristics of influenza in Guangdong Province, the experts recommended flu vaccination time lasts from October of that year to May of the following year. Public who wish to get influenza vaccinations can attend formal health services near, follow the doctor's guidelines vaccinations. He Jianfeng cautioned that just recently let go of a separate second policy, then a lot of them will probably be busy "made man", and is exactly what the virus in the spring breeding season. Trying to conceive who advance flu vaccinations.
How to prevent the flu?
Influenza (the flu) are acute respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses primarily spread by droplet and contact, especially in crowded spread caused by poorly ventilated spaces are particularly at risk. Influenza can be spread in humans and animals, it is difficult to control. Human infection with influenza virus, mainly characterized by sudden onset of high fever, cough, sore throat, often accompanied by muscle pain, headaches, joint pain, etc. Most people living with HIV do not need to be treated, 1-2 weeks rehabilitation, however, young persons, older persons and persons with serious illness, influenza can worsen chronic health problems such as asthma patients with the flu can lead to asthma attacks and congestive heart failure in patients with flu symptoms get worse; can also lead to complications of underlying diseases, pneumonia and death.
Vaccination influenza vaccine is prevention influenza and serious complications most important means, applies Yu any may infection influenza virus of health people, priority recommended patient influenza Hou complications occurred risk high of high-risk crowd, including: pregnant women and the plans in influenza period pregnant of women, and children (especially 2 age and the following of infant), and 60 age and the above elderly, and cardiovascular disease (except hypertension), and chronic respiratory disease, chronic disease patients, and suffers from immune inhibition disease or immune features low who, Also recommend a greater chance of transmission of influenza virus influenza vaccine to high-risk groups of people, including medical personnel, people who live in old people's homes and care institutions for persons with disabilities, as well as exposure to high-risk populations such as people point groups, especially those who care for infants under 6 months of age.
(Chen Yingping)
(Original title: experts of Guangdong forecast: human H7N9 avian flu risk increased significantly in the coming months)
H7N9禽流感病毒传递路径 ：活禽批发市场→零售市场→人
H7N9禽流感病毒主要来源：鸡鸭鸽子等家禽 制图/叶子翠
防控措施：一要监控禽类市场，二要及时接种流感疫苗羊城晚报讯 记者陈映平报道：广东省2013年度流感和人禽流感监测防控工作会议20日在佛山召开。广东省疾控中心首席专家、传染病预防控制所所长何剑锋提出：“预计未来数月，广东省散发人感染H7N9禽流感病例的风险会明显增加，所以今冬明春，禽类市场的管理是防控的核心。”他说，根据全省历年流感监测数据显示，广东省流感活动在冬季处于较低水平，预计会在来年2-3月前后进入新一轮流行季节。
七成患者发病前接触过禽类
记者获悉，H7N9禽流感感染高危因素已经通过一系列研究证明与禽类有直接密切关系。国家有关部门通过在全国发现病人的12个省共138例病人进行的一系列调查发现，其中有70%的人在发病前接触过禽类或到过禽类的环境，一系列检测结果证明病毒的来源路径是：活禽批发市场——零售市场——人。可以证明，鸡、鸭、鸽子等家禽是人感染此病的主要来源。
何剑锋说，我国禽间H7N9禽流感病毒循环仍持续存在，禽类的养殖、流通、交易方式和人——禽接触暴露的方式没有得到根本性的改变，所以加强活禽市场日常管理规范的做法对预防H7N9非常有效，要坚持对有活禽的市场采取一日一清洗、一周一消毒、一月一休市的做法，预防为主。
怀孕前接种疫苗防流感
何剑锋还介绍说，每年春节前后是季节性流感流行季节，市民在预防禽流感的同时对季节性流感不要掉以轻心。人感染的季节性流感病毒主要有三种亚型，即甲流、H3N2、B型流感。且流感具有易变异的特性，几乎每年的流感疫苗组分都要根据当年流感监测的数据来制定，再加上流感疫苗保护期一年左右，因此每年均需打流感疫苗。现在的流感疫苗已包涵了三种流感亚型成分，打一次可预防三种流感。
根据广东省流感活动特点，专家建议流感疫苗接种时机从当年10月持续至次年5月。市民如需接种流感疫苗，可前往附近的正规医疗机构，遵循医生的指引接种。何剑锋特别提醒说，近期国家刚刚放开单独二胎政策，估计接下来有不少人会忙着“造人”，而春天正是病毒繁殖的季节。准备怀孕的人最好提前接种流感疫苗。
如何预防流感？
流行性感冒(简称流感)是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，主要经飞沫和接触传播，尤其在拥挤的通风不良的空间特别容易引起传播。流感可以在人和动物界传播，目前尚难以有效控制。人感染流感病毒后，主要表现为突发高热、咳嗽、咽喉痛，常伴有肌肉痛、头疼、关节痛等。大多数感染者不需治疗，1～2周可康复；但年幼者、老年人以及有严重疾病者，流感可使慢性健康问题恶化，如哮喘患者患流感可致哮喘发作，充血性心力衰竭患者可因流感使病情恶化；还会导致基础疾病的并发症、肺炎和死亡。
接种流感疫苗是预防流感及其严重并发症最重要手段，适用于任何可能感染流感病毒的健康人，优先推荐患流感后并发症发生风险较高的高危人群，包括：孕妇及计划在流感期怀孕的妇女、儿童(尤其是2岁及以下的婴幼儿)、60岁及以上老年人、心血管疾病(除高血压)、慢性呼吸系统疾病等慢性病患者、患有免疫抑制疾病或免疫功能低下者，也推荐有较大机会将流感病毒传播给高危人群的人员接种流感疫苗，他们包括：医务人员、住在养老院及残疾人照料机构中的人以及接触高危人群等重人点群，尤其是需照顾6个月以下婴儿者。
(陈映平)
(原标题：广东专家预测：未来数月人染H7N9 禽流感风险明显增加)
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