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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:36:28 Jiuquan in rural areas policy 29 second， condemned to reduce the birth rate increase
Starting from 1984, Jiuquan in Gansu rural areas, implementation of the second policy. 29 years, Jiuquan and fertility rate continued to fall, the size of the population has been effectively controlled.
At present, the Jiuquan city in line with the policy of the fertility rate remained at 99% per cent for 21 consecutive years, the sex ratio at birth for 10 consecutive years between 104.29 per cent.
Rural families can have two kids
Jiuquan is located in the western section of the Hexi corridor, with a total area of about 192,000 square kilometers, accounting for 42% of Gansu province. Now the "cities and four counties in the region", Han, Hui, Mongolian, Kazakh, etc over more than 40 ethnic groups, with a total population of 1.1 million people.
The early 70, Jiuquan city, began to promote family planning. In 1984 the city's 7 counties second policies. In 1986, declared the State family planning Commission agree, Jiuquan is formally identified as the second policy in rural areas to explore parts of the country.
In 1987, the population began a steady decline in Jiuquan city. Increasing the city's fertility rate per cent in 1984 to 93.09%, unplanned children decreased by per cent in 1984 to 0.5%. From demographic analysis, sex ratio at birth in the city for many years remained in the normal range.
In 1988, the State family planning Commission issued the notice on adjusting the family planning work in the pilot, will participate in the exploration area adjusted to 13, Jiuquan area, Gansu province listed. On January 1, 1990, the official implementation of the regulations of the family planning in Gansu province, regulations on Jiuquan, the exploration work is not clearly defined, in order to maintain the second continuity in policies, reporting, Jiuquan will continue to implement the second policy.
In 1995, identified in the Forum on family planning work in the West of the province, Jiuquan continued its second exploration policy in rural areas, second continuation of the policy has been stable.
Gansu Provincial people's Congress to amend the 1997 Ordinance, Jiuquan, in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance, adjust your second birth intervals from 5 years to 4 years in 2001, Jiuquan is determined for the national population and family planning comprehensive reform unit, active exploration, according to actual reform abolished the second child spacing requirements.
Grab the condemned fewer
In Jiuquan city in 1984, universal family second child policy in rural areas, with rural practice satisfies most of the fertility desires of the masses, most people can follow childbearing in accordance with policy second, Rob condemned to decrease fertility rate increased.
Who lives in Suzhou guoyuan Zhang Lijun and husband tuyanjun of xigou village 4 group has only one son, born in 2000, is 13 years old. "I rarely around, we had 3 kids, basically every 2 or 1 children. ”
Zhang Lijun, who lives in Suzhou Fengle Township da Zhuang Cun Chen Xiuling said, around my family, 2 children more than 1 child, almost no one child is around the family.
This policy-induced factors, Chen Xiuling tells us that one-child families and "two female family" pension insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance purchased by the Government, while children junior high school and high school when I was in college there are extra points. In her house, for example, after the age of 60 will get more than 60 bucks per person per month pension.
Economic factors, is another limiting factor. "After more than one child, going to school is a problem, school to spend more money now; my son, if it's 2 sons, have to give kids House. "Zhang Lijun said that this policy, but the family has to take into account the actual situation.
Born about 400,000 fewer people
According to the population Commission, Party Secretary and Director of cangfu in Jiuquan city introduced, Jiuquan second pilot for more than 20 years of policy in rural areas, family planning has significantly increased, the population under control. Continuing decline in birth rate and population growth rate in the city, women of childbearing age with total fertility below the provincial average, reasonable population structure, sex ratio at birth for many years remained in the normal range.
Data show that in 2012, the sex ratio at birth in Jiuquan city of 106.26; population, population aged 0-14 for 14.85%, 15-59 for 72.33% the proportion of the population aged, the proportion of the population aged 60 is 12.82%, the proportion of the population aged 65 to 8.22%.
Marriage attitudes are changing. By the end of 2012, the city's rural areas there were 11,767 reproductive couples voluntarily renounced the second birth of the second child, recipients of the only-child syndrome. And 10,430 one child families despite the lack of an exit permit, but children has 8 years of age not breeding kids. Although common pilot second birth policies, a child rate for women in rural areas in the whole city per cent by 1999, per cent by 2012, higher than the proportion of the province.
The first half of 2013, farmers ' per capita cash income reached 6,870 Yuan and urban per capita disposable income reached 12,090 Yuan. It is estimated that the city because of the one-child birth and about 400,000 less per capita GDP so relatively close to 3,000 yuan, according to raise each child grow up to 16 years of age, and country and family invest 150,000 yuan terms, the estimated savings to support 60 billion yuan.
(Original title: no surge in the population sex ratio balanced (people survey))
从1984年开始，甘肃酒泉农村地区实施二胎政策。29年来，酒泉人口出生率和增长率持续下降，人口规模得到有效控制。
目前，酒泉全市符合政策生育率连续21年保持在99%以上，出生人口性别比连续10年在104.29—108.81之间。
农村家庭可生二胎
酒泉地处河西走廊西段，总面积约19.2万平方公里，占甘肃省的42%。现辖“一区两市四县”，有汉、回、蒙、哈萨克等40多个民族，总人口110万人。
上世纪70年代初，酒泉市开始推行计划生育。1984年全市7个县市区实行二胎政策。1986年，经申报国家计生委同意，酒泉被正式确定为全国农村二胎政策探索地区。
1987年，酒泉市人口开始稳定下降。全市计划生育率由1984年的79.84%提高到93.09%，计划外多孩率由1984年的3.07%下降到0.5%。从人口结构情况分析，全市出生性别比多年保持在正常范围。
1988年，国家计生委下发《关于调整计划生育工作试点的通知》，将参加探索的地区调整为13个，甘肃酒泉地区名列其中。1990年1月1日，《甘肃省计划生育条例》正式实施，《条例》对酒泉的探索工作没有做出明确规定，为保持二胎政策的连续性，经汇报请示，酒泉仍继续实行二胎政策。
1995年，全省西片计划生育工作座谈会明确提出，酒泉继续开展农村二胎政策探索，二胎政策一直稳定延续了下来。
1997年甘肃省人大修改《条例》，酒泉根据《条例》的规定，将二胎生育间隔由5年调整为4年；2001年，酒泉被确定为全国人口和计划生育综合改革探索单位后，积极探索，根据实际改革取消了二胎生育间隔规定。
抢生超生的少了
酒泉市1984年在农村实行普遍生育二胎政策，符合农村实际，满足了大多数群众的生育愿望，大多数群众能够自觉按照政策规定生育二胎，抢生超生现象减少，计划生育率提高。
家住肃州区果园乡西沟村4组的张栗君和丈夫涂燕军只有一个儿子，出生于2000年，今年13岁了。“我周围很少是家里有3个孩子的，基本是每家2个或者1个孩子。”
与张栗君一样，家住在肃州区丰乐乡大庄村的陈秀玲说，身边的家庭里，2个孩子的比1个孩子的要多，周围基本没有超生的家庭。
这有政策引导的因素，陈秀玲告诉我们，独生子女家庭和“二女家庭”的养老保险和新型农村合作医疗保险都由政府购买，而孩子初中升高中以及高中升大学的时候都会有加分。以她家为例，60岁以后每个月每人能够拿到60多块钱的养老金。
经济因素，则是另一个限制因素。“多生一个孩子以后，上学是个问题，现在上学花的钱多；我的是儿子，如果是2个儿子，还得给孩子们准备房子。”张栗君说，有这个政策，可是家庭要考虑实际情况。
少出生约40万人
据酒泉市人口委党组书记、主任藏福介绍，酒泉开展农村二胎政策试点20多年，计划生育率大幅度提高，人口得到有效控制。全市人口出生率和增长率持续下降，育龄妇女总和生育率低于全省平均水平，人口结构基本合理，出生性别比连续多年保持在正常范围。
数据显示，2012年，酒泉市出生性别比为106.26；总人口中，0—14岁人口比重为14.85%，15—59岁人口比重为72.33%，60岁以上人口比重为12.82%，65岁以上人口比重为8.22%。
人们婚育观念也悄然改变。截至2012年底，全市农村有11767对可以生育二胎的夫妻自愿放弃二胎生育，领取了《独生子女证》。还有10430个一孩家庭虽未领证，但子女已经8岁以上还没有生育二胎。虽然普遍试行二胎生育政策，全市农村一孩妇女率1999年达到44.4%，2012年达到46.5%，均高于全省比例。
2013年上半年，农民人均现金收入达6870元；城镇居民人均可支配收入达12090元。据测算，全市由于实行计划生育少出生人口约40万，人均GDP因此相对提高约3000元，按照抚养每个孩子长到16周岁需要国家和家庭投入15万元计算，预计节省抚养费600亿元。
(原标题：人口没激增 性别比均衡(民生调查))
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