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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:37:46 Nobel Medicine Prize winner advised China to cancel the cheap drug prices
Advisers face to face
Immediately prior to the opening of the National Advisory Council, who is the first arrived in Guangdong "foreign advisers", George · Ferdinand LiDE·mulade, a professor at the University of Washington to attract the media's attention.
Participation in the National Advisory Council for the first time this year Professor Murad is the winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine, and served as a physician, also for a long time in universities, research institutions and companies, has extensive experience in medical and commercial aspects. Yesterday, Murad in a Nanfang daily press conference interview around speeding up the development of bio-pharmaceutical industry, internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine, how to address such issues as overly expensive made numerous recommendations.
Bio-pharmaceutical industry is high-speed train
Nanfang daily: bio-pharmaceutical industry in China and in Guangdong province to develop strategic emerging industries, and as an expert in this field, how do you evaluate the developments in the bio-pharmaceutical industry in China? Current trends in the development of this industry in the world is like?
Murad: the Chinese Government hope that the people there are good drugs, good health care, cheaper price, there must be independent of the biopharmaceutical industry and the science and technology system.
About 30 years ago, the large drug firms 17% their incomes for drug discovery and development, 30% per cent for marketing. Unfortunately, because funding for marketing will be greater profits, last more than 10 years of investment in research and development of new drugs for large drug firms share had dropped to 12% per cent.
20 years ago, I have recommended large drug firms not to lower research and development costs, but to no avail. New trends in drug discovery and development is currently, the main sources of technology is a small biotech company, rather than a large pharmaceutical companies. So now these big drug firms have a lack of new research and development highlights, each other only through mergers or acquisitions of small biotechnology companies to obtain new technologies and new achievements.
World's first biotechnology company, was born in San Francisco in 1979 gene technology company. Since 1979, has over hundreds of small biotech companies in the United States was founded. In the United States some big cities, including Seattle, Boston, and Washington has its own bio-science and technology park. This situation in Europe more than 10 years ago, had to catch up, and China behind them to nurture biotechnology companies for 20 years.
In this area, I hope that Guangdong will develop faster, biomedical industry is a class of high-speed trains, if we do not seize it was too late.
Should be built incubator support for small businesses
Nanfang daily: at present, relevant departments are in Guangdong, Guangdong Province plan of bio-medical industrial park incubator of research and development, is said to be your exclusive on this construction of Guangdong Province raised a number of points, you can talk about your specific suggestions?
Murad: yesterday when I met with the Governor, recommended setting up research and development in the biomedical Park venture incubators, entrepreneurial technology companies for lack of resources to provide a unified administrative, financial and other services. These small biotech company's biggest problem is the need for funding for research and development of new products. In the start-up stage, requires the Government to provide some help, such as funding for research and development subsidies, small, short-term loans, tax concessions, and so on.
To do a bio-pharmaceutical industry, this is a very important measure. When these small biotech companies in the incubator to grow will be larger biotech or pharmaceutical company acquisition or merger of the company. In the United States, a lot of spare cash for the rich will set up Angel Fund, to invest in higher risk industries, startup biotechnology companies is one of the main selection. In comparison, United States venture capital funds the largest, Hong Kong, Japan is not small, and mainland China is still small.
Internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine to solve 3 problems
Nanfang daily: it is said that you are interested in medicine, do you research for traditional Chinese medicine? In the process of internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years does not seem to be going so well, what do you think? Traditional Chinese medicine to the world should be prepared for what do you think?
Murad: at present, the Chinese herbal medicine United States acceptance of about 1%, mainly concentrated in the West Coast region. In practice, however, many Western medicines from Chinese herbs (medicinal plants), such as aspirin is extracted from the bark. Drugs like aspirin can be recognized by the world, because of its active ingredients from herbs to pick out.
Acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine in the world, must know clearly what are the active ingredients in Chinese medicine, these ingredients are effective mechanism is, what problems can be treated, only three aspects in place, before they can be accepted by the people all over the world. Many have different traditional Chinese medicine compounds, some even up to dozens of, which is useful to humans? We do not know. Many TCM experts may say that all are useful, but it's not, probably only one or two ingredients useful.
Recently, I have been working on for more than 10 years in Chinese herbal medicine by nitric oxide. Currently, I am in Shanghai there is a Research Center specializing in Chinese herbal medicine, has done more than 100 many kinds of Chinese herbal medicine "activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis" study found 20 medicines by nitric oxide in the works.
Nanfang daily: we understand that you are in Guangdong Province, and led the meeting, made a number of recommendations. One of them was on the issue of drug pricing, what do you suggest Chinese Government to release the drug price limits at low prices. Why do you put forward this proposal? Can you introduce your idea?
Murad: issues such as research and development costs, original drug, innovation, prices are expensive, and raised the overall health-care spending. One to two years, with many drug patent expiration of patent protection, generics is increasing. Europe, many Governments are promoting generic drug alternative original drug plans. Expect the next five years, global generic drug sales will grow at a double-digit pace, is the drug increased more than twice times.
I personally think that lower-priced generic drugs have basically enough to deal with most of the disease unless some special diseases is required such as antibiotics, anti-tumor or special drugs against AIDS.
My suggestion is that the Government lifting the ceiling on cheap drugs and let the market competition mechanism to determine the price of generic drugs. If the Government is to set price-cap and pressure at very low prices of generic drugs, exceeded the scope of pharmaceutical firms to bear, then relief through tax concessions and other ways to subsidize drug company.
Nanfang daily reporter Niu Siyuan
Planning co-ordinating Chen Hanhui Xie Si Jia
Media coverage please see:
South www.nfdaily.CN
(Original title: let go of price controls on low-priced drug back on the market)
顾问面对面
国咨会开幕前夕，作为首位抵粤的“洋顾问”，乔治·华盛顿大学教授斐里德·穆拉德吸引了媒体关注的目光。
今年首次参加国咨会的穆拉德教授是1988年诺贝尔生理医学奖得主，曾做过医师，也长期在高校、科研机构和企业任职，在医学和商业方面都有丰富的经验。昨日，穆拉德在接受南方日报记者采访时围绕加快发展生物医药产业、中药国际化、如何解决看病贵等问题提出了许多建议。
生物医药产业是高速列车
南方日报：生物医药产业是中国和广东省重点发展的战略性新兴产业，作为这个领域的专家，你如何评价中国生物医药产业的发展情况？目前世界上这个产业的发展趋势是怎样的？
穆拉德：中国政府希望人民有好的药物，好的医疗，比较便宜的价格，就一定要有自主的生物医药产业和科技体系。
大约30年前，大型药企一般将收入的17%用于新药研发，30%—35%用于市场营销。很不幸，因为资金用于市场营销会有更大的利润，最近10多年大型药企的新药研发投入比例已经降到了12%—13%。
20年前，我已经建议大型药企不要降低研发费用，但是没有效果。目前新的药物研发趋势是，主要的技术来源是小型的生物科技公司，而不是大型制药企业。所以现在这些大型药企已经缺乏新的研发亮点，只能通过互相并购或者收购小型生物科技公司来取得新技术、新成果。
全世界第一家生物科技公司是1979年在旧金山诞生的基因科技公司。1979年至今，已经超过成百上千的小型生物科技企业在美国成立。在美国一些大的城市，包括西雅图、波士顿、华盛顿等基本上都有自己的生物科技园区。欧洲10多年前发现这个情况，已经急起直追，而中国在培育生物科技企业方面要落后他们20年。
我希望广东能在这个领域发展更快一些，生物医药产业是一班高速列车，如果再不抓紧就赶不上了。
应建孵化器扶持小企业
南方日报：目前广东省的相关部门正在对广东的生物医药产业园区的研发孵化器进行规划，据说你专门就这方面的建设给广东省提了一些意见，你能具体谈谈你的建议吗？
穆拉德：昨天我与省长会面时，建议在生物医药园区中建立研发创业的孵化器，为一些缺乏资源的创业科技企业提供统一的行政、财务等服务。这些小型生物科技公司最大的问题就是需要资金来研究和开发新产品。所以在创业阶段，需要政府提供一些帮助，比如研发经费的补贴、小额的短期贷款、税收的优惠等。
要做好生物医药产业，这是非常重要的措施。当这些小型生物科技公司在孵化器内成长起来，就会被大的生物科技公司或制药企业收购或者合并。在美国，很多富人的闲钱会成立天使基金去投资高风险产业，创业初期的生物科技企业就是主要的选择之一。相比来说，美国的风险投资资金规模最大，香港、日本的量也不小，而中国内地仍然较小。
中药国际化须解决3个问题
南方日报：据说你对中医中药非常感兴趣，你是否对中药有过研究？近年来中药在国际化的过程里似乎不太顺利，你怎么看？你认为中药要走向全世界应该做好哪些工作？
穆拉德：目前，中草药被美国接受度大概只有1%，主要集中在西海岸地区。但实际上，很多西方的药也是来自中草药(植物药)的，比如阿司匹林就是从树皮中提炼出来的。阿司匹林这样的药物之所以能被全世界认可，是因为它的有效成分从中草药中找出来了。
要世界接受中药，一定要清楚中药的有效成分是什么，这些成分之所以有效作用机理是什么，可以治疗什么病，只有三个方面到位后，才可以被全世界的人接受。很多中药拥有不同的化合物，有的甚至多达几十个，哪一个对人体有用？我们不知道。很多中医药专家可能说全部都有用，其实不是的，很可能里面只有一两种成分有用。
我最近10多年来一直致力于研究中草药中的一氧化氮。目前，我在上海有一个专门研究中草药的研究中心，做了100多种中草药“活血化瘀”的研究，发现其中20种药物中是通过一氧化氮起作用的。
南方日报：我们了解到，你在和广东省领导会见时提出了一些建议。其中一个是关于药品定价的问题，你建议中国政府放开低价药的价格限制。你为何提出这个建议？能具体介绍一下你的想法吗？
穆拉德：因为研发成本等问题，原研药、创新药价格很贵，会使整个医疗费用上升。而最近一两年，随着很多专利药的专利保护到期，仿制药会越来越多。目前欧洲等很多国家的政府都在大力推行仿制药替代原研药计划。预计未来五年，全球仿制药销售额将以两位数的速度增长，是全球药品增长幅度的两倍以上。
我个人认为，价格较低的仿制药基本上已经足够应对大部分的疾病，除非像一些特殊的重大疾病，才需要如抗生素、抗肿瘤的或对抗艾滋病之类的特殊药物。
我的建议是政府取消对低价药的最高限价，让市场的竞争机制来决定仿制药的价格。如果政府要制定最高限价，把仿制药的价格压得很低，超过了药厂承受的范围，那么就应该通过税费的优惠减免等方式来补贴药厂。
●南方日报记者 牛思远
策划统筹 陈韩晖 谢思佳
全媒体报道请看：
南网www.nfdaily.cn
(原标题：放开价格管制让低价药重回市场)
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