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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:37:57 One Department official： the State will be transferred to the part-State-owned capital national social security
Jin Weigang, Director of the Institute of social security in recent days to the Department of human resources and social security of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of arid deepening the reform comprehensively detailed interpretation of the decision in the section on social security. It turns out that insurance rates are not only not as rumors have said will increase, but due to lower unit rate plan, and the country will be transferred to the part-State-owned capital fulfilling the social security fund.
Social security to pay more than promoting much longer payment
The decision made: stick combines social pool and personal accounts of the basic old-age insurance system and perfect the system of personal accounts, sound paying more incentives to ensure that the interests of insured persons to achieve basic old-age pension of the national co-ordinating, adhere to the principles of actuarial balance.
Reporter: national co-ordinating what significance? Have any profound sound paying more incentives mean?
Jin Weigang: introduced based pension national integrated of purpose, is in country district achieved workers basic endowment insurance policy of basic unified, and fundamental settlement across area mobile employment personnel of endowment insurance relationship transfer and interests guarantees problem; while, can further expanded endowment insurance fund transfers range, gradually change regions endowment insurance fund payments and balances not balanced of situation, improve fund bear capacity and funds using efficiency.
Now part of workers, in particular migrant workers due to various reasons not insured after payment, insurance payment from a low base, payment is not continuous or broken, and so on. Therefore, should further improve relevant policies, sound paying more incentives to promote employees ' private much longer payment will help raise the level of retirement pensions.
Institutions into enterprise security
The decision put forward: advancing the reform of endowment insurance system.
Reporter: promoting the reform of endowment insurance system, what does it mean? How to change, whether that meant the cancellation a "two-pronged"?
Jin Weigang: institutions and enterprises should have a unified basic old-age insurance system, canceled a "two-pronged". While, to lessons past organ institution endowment insurance system reform pilot, and especially 2008 State determines of Guangdong, five provinces for institution staff endowment insurance system reform pilot into dilemma of lessons, in future advance organ institution endowment insurance system reform aspects, on organ and institution synchronization implementation endowment insurance system reform, while take necessary of supporting measures, properly processing reform zhihou retired of personnel Endowment guarantees interests problem.
To encourage more businesses to establish pension system
The decision put forward: accelerating the development of corporate pensions, occupational pensions, commercial insurance, building a multi-level social security system.
Reporter: is the pension reforms in the general direction of the building-level social security system?
Jin Weigang: building a multi-level social security system is an important objective of the reform of China's social security system, in respect of old-age security also requires establishing a multi-level old-age insurance system, in which there is an urgent need to develop enterprise pension. At present, the development of enterprise annuity in China is lagging behind. 93% per cent of participating in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees have no corporate pension. Therefore, shall take the necessary measures to encourage and support more businesses establish corporate pension. Institutions in the implementation of old-age insurance system reforms, also requires the establishment of occupational pensions.
Lower social security rates unchanged
The decision proposed: improving social insurance relationship transfer and renewal policies, expanding medical insurance coverage for payment in due time due to lower insurance rates. Develop incremental delays retirement age policy. Speed up and improve the social security system and maintain service system.
Reporter: due to lower social security rates in due time, on the role and significance of different units and individuals? Why should we reduce it?
Jin Weigang: at present, five social insurance rates for urban workers in China amounting to approximately 40% per cent of total wages, the employer should bear the total rate accounted for 30% of the workers ' wages that individuals should assume the rates I pay 11%. Among them, the pension liability by the employer premium rate, 20%, unit rates are currently the vast majority of area according to this standard.
For years, many enterprises, especially small and medium enterprises to reflect contributions to social insurance rates the overall burden heavier, aggravated escape, creating a vicious circle. Therefore, you should first consider moderately reduced in due course an employer paid pension insurance premiums. If, as the social security "Twelve-Five" development plan to identify goals, in the "Twelve-Five" introduced a basic old-age pension at the end of the national co-ordinating will moderately reduce an employer paid pension premiums for favourable conditions. Size increases, capacity to pay the basic old-age insurance fund under enhanced conditions, due to lower unit rate and will not result in lower pension entitlements of retired persons.
Current major consists of three individual social insurance payment, basic old-age insurance premium rate, 8%, basic health insurance rates 2%, unemployment insurance rates to 1%. Work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance is not a personal payment. Personal payment of old-age insurance and medical insurance premiums included in each of these two items in a personal account, all accounts owned by individuals and existing personal contribution is not stretched. Therefore, in terms of lower social security rates, tariff adjustments for individual payment is not urgent.
Also just days after delaying retirement again after several years of implementation
Reporter: what progressive lagging refers to?
Jin Weigang: incremental delay retirement refers to future policies related to delaying retirement will take a little step slow way, gradually extending the retirement age. If retirement age needed after more than two years, after all the policy only extending the retirement age in the first year and a half years old, be extended for another six months for the second year; and so on. In addition, after delaying retirement-related policies formulated and promulgated in the future will also be formally implemented only after several years of preparation. Therefore, incremental delay retirement is to take slow and sure way, gradually extending the retirement age to minimize retirement policy adjustments for the impact of social and related personnel, this comparison is in terms of raising the statutory retirement age in many countries generally accepted practices.
Partially State-owned capital would be injected into the national social security fund
The decision: transferred to the part-State-owned capital to enrich social security fund. Perfecting the system of State-owned capital operation budget, increase the proportion of State-owned capital gains paid public finance, 2020 referred to 30%.
Reporter: enrich Social Security Fund, China's social security system in the future what will be the effects? Whether a pension fund shortfall does not exist? Company pension level will have increased dramatically?
Jin Weigang: end of 2012, the national social security funds totaled 1.106 trillion yuan, exceeded 1 trillion yuan mark for the first time. The decision stressed the need to transfer part of the plenary session enrich Social Security Fund of State-owned capital, indicating that the Central Government is determined to further strengthen and expand the national social security fund in order to increase future aging population peak in old-age security and other significant pressures in social security, economic strength.
Late last year, China's basic old-age insurance for urban workers in accumulated balances of about 2.4 trillion, therefore, has for some time in the future without recourse to the national social security fund to cover parts of the urban workers ' basic old-age insurance fund revenue and expenditure for the current period gap. Similarly, enrich the National Social Security Fund do not lead to company pension level will sharply increase. Dailili J205
(Original title: delaying retirement will wait several years)
人力资源社会保障部社会保障研究所所长金维刚近日对《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中关于社会保障的部分进行详细解读。原来，社会保险费率不仅没有像传言中所说的那样将要提高，反而有适当降低单位费率的计划，而且国家将划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金。
社保多缴多得促进多缴长缴
《决定》提出：坚持社会统筹和个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度，完善个人账户制度，健全多缴多得激励机制，确保参保人权益，实现基础养老金全国统筹，坚持精算平衡原则。
记者：全国统筹有何重大意义？健全多缴多得激励机制有何深刻含义？
金维刚：实行基础养老金全国统筹的目的，是在全国各地区实现职工基本养老保险政策的基本统一，并根本解决跨地区流动就业人员的养老保险关系转移及其权益保障问题；同时，可以进一步扩大养老保险基金调剂范围，逐步改变各地区养老保险基金收支与结余不均衡的状况，提高基金承受能力和资金使用效率。
目前有一部分职工特别是农民工由于多方面的原因出现不愿参保缴费、参保后缴费基数偏低、缴费不连续或断保等问题。因此，应当进一步完善有关政策，健全多缴多得激励机制，促进职工个人多缴长缴，有利于提高退休之后的养老金水平。
机关事业单位将入企业社保
《决定》提出：推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革。
记者：推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革，意味着什么？怎么改，是否意味着取消“双轨制”？
金维刚：机关事业单位与企业应当实行统一的基本养老保险制度，取消“双轨制”。同时，要吸取过去机关事业单位养老保险制度改革试点、特别是2008年国务院确定的广东等五省市进行事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革试点陷入困境的教训，在今后推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革方面，对机关和事业单位同步实施养老保险制度改革，同时采取必要的配套措施，妥善处理改革之后退休的人员养老保障权益问题。
鼓励更多企业建立年金制度
《决定》提出：加快发展企业年金、职业年金、商业保险，构建多层次社会保障体系。
记者：构建多层次社会保障体系是否就是养老金改革大方向？
金维刚：构建多层次社会保障体系是我国社会保障制度改革的一个重要目标，在养老保障方面也需要建立多层次的养老保障体系，其中迫切需要大力发展企业年金。目前，我国企业年金发展相当滞后。93%以上的参加基本养老保险的企业职工没有企业年金。因此，应当采取必要的措施鼓励和扶持更多的企业广泛建立企业年金。在推行机关事业单位养老保险制度改革之后，也需要相应建立职业年金。
降低单位社保费率个人不变
《决定》提出：完善社会保险关系转移接续政策，扩大参保缴费覆盖面，适时适当降低社会保险费率。研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策。加快健全社会保障管理体制和经办服务体系。
记者：适时适当降低社会保险费率，对单位和个人作用及意义有何不同？为何要降低？
金维刚：目前，我国城镇职工五项社会保险的费率合计约占工资总额的40%，其中用人单位应承担的费率合计约占本单位职工工资总额的30%，个人应承担的费率占本人工资的11%。其中，由用人单位应承担的养老保险费率为20％，目前绝大多数地区的单位费率都按这一标准执行。
多年来，许多企业特别是中小微企业反映单位缴纳的社会保险费率总体负担较重，加剧了逃费现象，造成恶性循环。因此，应当首先考虑在适当时机适度降低用人单位缴纳的养老保险费。如果按照社会保障“十二五”发展规划纲要确定的目标，在“十二五”期末开始实行基础养老金全国统筹，将为适度降低用人单位缴纳的养老保险费提供有利的条件。在基本养老保险基金规模增大、支付能力增强的情况下，适当降低单位费率，并不会导致退休人员养老金待遇降低。
目前个人承担的社会保险缴费主要包括三项，其中基本养老保险费率为8%，基本医疗保险费率为2%，失业保险费率为1%。工伤保险和生育保险都不要个人缴费。个人缴纳的养老保险费和医疗保险费分别计入这两项保险中的个人账户，账户资金的所有权归个人所有，现有的个人缴费负担并不重。因此，在降低社会保险费率方面，对个人缴费的费率调整并不迫切。
延迟退休公布后也会经过几年再实施
记者：渐进式延退具体指什么？
金维刚：渐进式延迟退休是指将来制定有关延迟退休的政策将采取小步慢走的方式，逐步缓慢地延长退休年龄。假如退休年龄延长一岁需要经过两年时间，那么在政策实施之后的第一年只将退休年龄延长半岁，第二年再延长半岁；以此类推。此外，在将来有关延迟退休的政策制定并公布之后，还将经过几年的准备才会正式实施。因此，渐进式延迟退休就是采取比较缓慢而稳妥的方式，逐步延长退休年龄，尽量减小退休政策调整对社会和有关人员所带来的影响，这是许多国家在提高法定退休年龄方面比较通行的做法。
部分国有资本将注入社保基金
《决定》：划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金。完善国有资本经营预算制度，提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，2020年提到百分之三十。
记者：充实社会保障基金对今后我国社会保障制度将产生怎样影响？养老基金缺口是否将不存在？企业养老金水平会有大幅提升？
金维刚：2012年末，全国社会保障基金总额达到11060亿元，首次突破1万亿元大关。这次三中全会的《决定》强调要划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金，表明中央政府决心进一步做大做强全国社会保障基金，以增强应对未来人口老龄化高峰在养老保障以及其他社会保障方面的巨大压力的经济实力。
去年底我国城镇职工基本养老保险基金累计结余约2.4万亿，因此，在今后一段时期内还不会动用全国社会保障基金来弥补部分地区城镇职工基本养老保险基金当期收支缺口。同理，充实全国社会保障基金也不会导致企业养老金水平会出现大幅提升。代丽丽 J205
（原标题：延迟退休还会再等几年）
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