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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:38:02 Original system reform Committee official suggested deepening reform leading group to be adopted
Reporter Yang Yuze intern Liu Chen from Beijing
Chinese research society for restructuring economy "invisible" in Haidian District, Beijing only one yard, yard full of winter sunshine. In a small meeting room, hanging on the wall of a number of successive head of society of Central leading comrades and the photo. Reporter here and China's economic system reform research reputation GAO Shangquan, President of the China economic reform designed course--
From "basic" to "decisive"
Epistemic: you participated in 6 central document drafting of major conferences, including 3 plenary session?
GAO Shangquan: I took part in the drafting of the 6 major Central, including 3 plenary decision on economic reform. An October 1984 third plenary session, adoption of the decision of the CPC Central Committee on economic system; the second is November 1993 plenary session, adopted the CPC Central Committee decision on several issues of establishing a socialist market economic system; and the third is the October 2003 plenary session, adopted the CPC Central Committee decision on the several problems of perfecting socialist market economy system. 3 decision of the CPC Central Committee on the economic system, to promote has played a key role in China's reform.
Knowledge: 18 plenary session on "market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources", in the discourse about the market economy is portrayed as a landmark?
GAO Shangquan: all previous plenary session is the time to make important decisions. 1978 third plenary session is not required in detail and its historical contribution was for China to shift from class struggle as the key link to taking economic construction as the Center. Per cent in 1984 third plenary session, proposed to develop socialist commodity economy. In 1993, third plenary session for the first time raised the issue of institutional framework for the Socialist market economy. 2003 16 the third plenary session of the party put forward the strategic task of perfecting socialist market economy system.
A plenary session on "let the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources", is the further deepening of the understanding of the role of the market mechanism, reform for the next several years is a programmatic role landmark.
Learning: let the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, it is not a theoretical discussion of the role of the market is complete?
GAO Shangquan: April 23, 2003, at 16, prior to the convening of the third plenary session Premier Wen Jiabao presided over the meeting of the drafting group of the General Assembly, I proposed "reform endlessly, perfecting the endless". File "by 2020, establish and improve a socialist market economy system", I was quite bold. Productive forces and the relations of production, requires constant adjustment between economic foundation and superstructure. Economic system more mature, but not completely perfect.
Learning: where were you when the Central School for "provincial" lecture, spoke of was the castle of the city plus markets, urban planning called cities, and would not call it a "trap". Now we are building a market economy, including let it play a decisive role, is returning to the market?
Noble: social division of labour, there will be a market. A market economy is not our creation, but the achievements of human civilization. Played a decisive role in the market, which is a general law of the market economy, we must follow this general rule. We have in the past planned economy, is a subjective approach. Government with rigid allocation of resources by administrative means, proved unworkable.
Epistemic: you raised it in a book published in 2003, to "establish and perfect a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system", you don't have direct reference to allow the market to play a decisive role, but the meaning is not the same?
GAO Shangquan: let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, to establish and perfect a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system; only by letting the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and markets are competitive. This is to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system basis.
Defrost:
From a planned commodity economy
Knowledge: September 1984, you were in Beijing Xiyuan Hotel to a group of economists, we can talk about socialism commodity economy in question. It was instructed, or was it your idea?
GAO Shangquan: when the Central Government was drafting of the decision of the CPC Central Committee on economic reform, I have repeatedly written draft recommendations "commodity economy" concept, but was rejected, it was felt that can write no more than "commodity production and Exchange." I then serving as Director of the State Commission for restructuring the economic system reform Institute, in this case, with regard to China's economic system reform Institute recommendations to Chinese research society for restructuring economic system, and the identity of Chinese restructuring economic system on behalf of the convening of a symposium, with the participation of more than 20 experts and scholars.
Seeking knowledge: the pros and the cons of the percentage?
GAO Shangquan: at the meeting, let me first express, should be clearly articulated concept of socialist commodity economy. After the discussion, a consensus was, come up with some ground-breaking ideas, such as "only socialism can save China, and only the development of commodity economy in Chinese".
Seeking knowledge: the prevailing economic system, is called "dominated by planned economy, market forces, supplemented by"?
Noble: the top 12 party proposed that "planned economy, market forces, supplemented by". Concept is a bit confusing. "Planned economy" is a socialist system, and market regulation is one way. Two aspects are not on one level.
Curious: in May of that year in the Taihu Lake has organized a "value" seminar, Mr Sun yefang participated in and say that the law of value. It is said that "value" is a sensitive word?
GAO Shangquan: Sun yefang, were critical in 1959 just as about the value and paid a huge price. In the economic field, thousands of law rule, law was the first law. But it wasn't until the late 80 early, value is also a sensitive issue. 1984 decision of the CPC Central Committee on economic reform was stressed in particular the need to follow the law of value, consciously using the law of value.
Knowledge: it was made of "socialist commodity economy", but still offered no propositions of the Socialist market economy?
GAO Shangquan: at that time, "economy" is also quite sensitive, and only referred to "Exchange". "Market economy", is considered to be capitalism. Knowledge is deepened step by step, no one knows at the outset to market economy.
Epistemic: you discuss Xiyuan Hotel results reported to the Central Government? Reports say?
GAO Shangquan: meeting lasted for two days, then I will put the results into recommendations and reported to the central decision makers. Emphasized: China's socialist economy is commodity economy of public ownership as the mainstay and the coexistence of diverse sectors of the economy, China's economic reform should be directed at: adhere to the premise of public ownership as the main body, in accordance with the requirement of the development of commodity economy and promotion of social production, and consciously apply economic laws.
Seeking knowledge: the Central adopts these views?
GAO Shangquan: central leadership attached great importance, which was absorbed into the decision of the CPC Central Committee on the economic system. The decision declared: "the full development of the commodity economy, is an insurmountable stage of socio-economic development, are essential for achieving the modernization of China's economy. "This is a major breakthrough in the history of China's reform.
Leap:
From economy to market economy
Curious: in 1992, the party's 14 major report proposes "objectives of economic reform is to establish a socialist market economic system in China" after you propose dealing with the relationship between plan and market?
GAO Shangquan: dispute between plan and market have disputed for nearly 100 years. We are "planned economy" market = capitalism = socialist planned economy, this concept deeply rooted. But Lenin in the theory of so-called market said: "where there's a division of labour and goods, where there is a market. "In 1986, a national planning meeting, I mentioned the" State regulation and market, market guide company ", want to explore planning and market internal unity mode.
Seeking knowledge: the academics was not directly raised the "market economy" concept?
GAO Shangquan: at that time the community has some scholars made a "market economy" concept, just the voice only on civil, no impact at high level. Known at the time was, a planned commodity economy market, dealing with the relationship between plan and market issues. In 1987, I have been the hope in the reform of new important breakthroughs in theory--for 13 big report (draft for soliciting opinions) relation between plan and market views and proposed "plan means and methods of regulation and market regulation is a" proposed "economic contracts with countries gradually replace combustible."
Knowledge: this is a policy proposal, but in the theoretical level, what is your real views?
GAO Shangquan: theoretical understanding is a gradual process. Not directly a "socialist market economy", cognitive issues on the one hand, on the other hand bound by various rules.
Knowledge: why 14 major report is able to propose "economic reform aims to establish a socialist market economic system in China"?
GAO Shangquan: in 1992 after Deng Xiaoping's talk in the South, breakthrough progress has been made in economic restructuring, particularly in planning and market debate that there is a scientific conclusion is actually critical in comrade Xiaoping. When southern tour of Comrade Xiaoping said: planned economy is not equivalent to socialism, capitalism also plans market economy is not capitalism, socialism also has a market. Planning and the market are economic means. On the basis of this, Comrade Jiang Zemin at the party's first in 14 major report clearly proposes that the reform aims to establish a socialist market economic system in China.
Seeking knowledge: the full deployment is really excited about establishing a socialist market economic system made 14 third plenary session.
Noble: 14 reports to achieve theoretical breakthroughs, 14 third plenary session put the institutional framework of the Socialist market economy. November 1993, 14 session plenary session considered and through has CPC Central Committee on established socialist market institutional several problem of decided under, made has socialist market institutional of basic framework: a is conversion state enterprise operating mechanism, established modern enterprise system; II is foster and development unified open of market system; three is shift government functions, established sound to indirect regulation mainly of macro-control system; four is established reasonable of personal income distribution and social security system. These areas well, standing up several columns of a market economy.
Discusses why can't stop
Knowledge: understanding of the role of the market, why does not have in place?
GAO Shangquan: conceptually said the traditional planned economic system is to "plan" as to the underlying characteristics of the Socialist system, the "plans" to "market" is very easy to come by. Drawback of planned economy was exposed as early as in the 1950 of the 20th century, but trapped in "planned economy are fundamental characteristics of socialism" of the box, who dared to have a breakthrough.
As far as the reform of our reform aims to establish a socialist market economic system, mainly in the traditional system the new system gradually developed around it, embodies the "progressive" feature. The so-called progressive, is the intensity of reform, pace of development and people's ability to withstand the degree of unity in this guiding principle in the reform process.
Learning: your books and articles commonly used in "reform" of such a concept, seems to be less talk of "emancipating the mind", you care more about the "system" problem?
GAO Shangquan: 35 process of reform and opening up is the process of emancipating. Every major breakthrough in reform and opening up is to emancipate the mind as a guide. Only emancipate the mind, institutional innovation and innovation can be achieved.
Engels 1888-September the United States travel, written way back in the United States on travel impressions, he pointed out that innovations and breakthroughs, innovation and breakthrough ideas first, is a national, a national source of vitality and energy. In the 1880 of the 19th century United States why it's moving so fast, a very important reason, is compared with the old capitalist, they rarely have traditional ideas fetter. For today's theoretical innovation, system innovation and scientific and technological innovation has provided important insights.
Seeking knowledge: the world-wide, the suspected market does not seem to be a problem, why are we here it takes decades to get a correct understanding?
GAO Shangquan: China's reform has its own specific difficulties and problems.
Comrade XI Jinping recently said that reform was caused by issues forced, in solving problems and drill down again. For 35 years, we have solutions on the reform of the party and the State in the development of a range of issues. At the same time, in the process of understanding the world and change the world, old problem solved, new problems will arise, and always requires constant improvement of the system, thus the reforms cannot be achieved overnight, nor can once and for all.
Knowledge: we often speak of "emancipating the mind", which in the end is not liberation, is talking with vested interests?
Noble: outside a lot in the past, a stranglehold on freedom of opinion and expression. Now there are still many old thinking, old ideas tied people's hands and feet, and reform the ideological barriers still exist. While vested interests have become a formidable obstacle to reform. Now reform is necessary to emancipate the mind, must still overcome obstacles to vested interests.
Of going private for the people by the people
People-oriented economy
Knowledge: 18 plenary session decides to let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, count as a theoretical understanding of the complete?
GAO Shangquan: in theory, the economic base is changing and productivity is growing, and relations must be constantly adapted to the superstructure. In practice, the perfection of market economy is dynamic. As the United States such a developed market economy countries, a subprime mortgage crisis also exposed the institutional and institutional problems, also needs reforms, continues to improve. Learned or done that day.
Knowledge: you have long emphasized the transformation of government functions, set forth a shift from control to service orientation of government functions, and this was decisive for perfecting the market system?
Noble: over time the Government dominates the market in several of the most important factors such as capital, land configuration, distort the market price, resulting in negative consequences. 18 plenary session Communique said "economic restructuring is the focus of comprehensive reform, the core is dealing with the relationship between Government and market, the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and give better play to the role of Government." Functions of Government to go to the main services, creating a good environment for the market, mainly through the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of and fair competition in the market, stimulate the enthusiasm of the members of society to create wealth, to enhance the economic development of inner motivation.
Learning: transforming government functions, and what still needs to be done now?
GAO Shangquan: firstly, decentralization. First limit, the second delegation, third Division.
Second, breaking the monopoly of the Executive. Due to the existence of administrative monopoly, make our economy actually exists, the market mechanism and administrative mechanisms are two different ways of allocation of resources, especially in basic industries and utilities lead the way of allocating administrative resources in raising the cost of running the economy as a whole.
Third, building "a Government ruled by law". Government would like to stress from the past shifting control to maintain a market equal rights, safeguard and protect the rights of market subjects as the starting point and the end of the rule of law, "allowed" to the "forbidden" provision changes.
Curious: did you adjust the ownership structure has been emphasized, seemed more inclined to develop non-State-owned economy, and advocated "people-oriented economy"?
GAO Shangquan: I have always stressed, on property rights is a core issue in the reform of economic system in China. Concept of ownership we have in the past, its distinction between advanced and backward, but ownership is advanced, not from the formal point of view, but from the perspective of actual results to see if it is not to promote the development of productive forces, is expanding employment, create tax revenue.
I speak of "people-oriented economy", entrepreneurial subjects, business and property of the people, implement, private, for the people by the people, can give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the people. Devoting major efforts to developing "people-oriented economy", may reduce the State share of the economy, but I have said many times, the party's ruling basis is not that high and low proportion of State-owned economy, but that three "people": people, people, people.
Knowledge: you have more for theoretical innovation, system innovation, and even more to look forward to?
GAO Shangquan: recent Politburo meeting also proposed that the "endless practice development, emancipate the never-ending, never-ending reform and opening up."
Knowledge: 18 decision of the third plenary session a comprehensive reform, doubts it can be left on the drawing board. Do you have confidence in the comprehensive reform?
GAO Shangquan: implementation is the key, and I am confident about this. In April of this year, I have been on the 18 themes of the third plenary session of the recommendations submitted to the Central leading comrades, one of the recommendations is the establishment of the Central leading group on comprehensive reform, recommendations were adopted. Central Government's determination to have a coordinated and comprehensive reform, there are organizational guarantee, and everyone should have confidence.
(Noble on the innovation of economic system more mature can not completely perfect)
记者杨于泽 实习记者刘晨 发自北京
中国经济体制改革研究会“隐身”在北京海淀区一个只有门牌号的院子里，院子里洒满初冬的阳光。一间小会议室里，墙上挂了一些历届的中央领导同志与研究会负责人的合影。本报记者在这里与中国经济体制改革研究会名誉会长高尚全回顾中国经济体制改革设计定型的历程——
从“基础性”到“决定性”
求知：你参加了6次中央重大会议的文件起草工作，包括3次三中全会？
高尚全：我先后参加过6个重要中央文件的起草，其中有3个三中全会的关于经济体制改革的决定。一个是1984年10月十二届三中全会，通过了《中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定》；第二个是1993年11月十四届三中全会，通过了《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》；第三个是2003年10月十六届三中全会，通过了《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》。这3个中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定，对推动中国改革起到了关键性的作用。
求知：十八届三中全会提出“市场在资源配置中起决定性作用”，在有关市场经济的论述中被描绘成具有里程碑意义？
高尚全：历次三中全会都是做出重要决定的时候。1978年的十一届三中全会不需细说，它的历史贡献是让中国从阶级斗争为纲转向以经济建设为中心。1984年的十二届三中全会，提出要发展社会主义商品经济。1993年，十四届三中全会第一次提出建立社会主义市场经济的体制框架。2003年党的十六届三中全会提出了完善社会主义市场经济体制的战略任务。
这一次三中全会提出“让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用”，是对市场机制作用认识的进一步深化，对于我国今后若干年改革具有纲领性作用，具有里程碑意义。
求知：让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，算不算对市场作用的理论论述的完成？
高尚全：2003年4月23日，在十六届三中全会召开前温家宝同志主持的大会文件起草小组会议上，我就提出“改革无止境，完善无止境”。当时文件要提“到2020年建立完善的社会主义市场经济体系”，我讲的意见当时是相当大胆的。因为生产力与生产关系，经济基础和上层建筑之间需要不断调适。经济体制可以更成熟，但是没有彻底完善。
求知：你曾在中央学校给“省部级”讲课时，讲到城市就是城堡加市场，城市在计划经济时代叫城市，并不会称之为“城计”。现在我们建设市场经济，包括让它发挥决定性作用，是不是对市场的回归？
高尚全：社会有分工，就会有市场。市场经济不是我们的创造，而是人类文明的成果。市场起决定性作用，这是市场经济的一个一般规律，我们必须遵循这个一般规律。过去我们搞计划经济，是主观主义的做法。政府用行政手段硬性配置资源，事实证明行不通。
求知：你在2003年出版的一本书中就提出，要“建立健全一个统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系”，你没有直接提让市场起决定性作用，但意思是不是一样？
高尚全：让市场在资源配置中起决定作用，才能建立健全一个统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系；只有让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，市场才具有竞争性。这是走向建立健全一个统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系的基础。
解冻：
从计划经济到商品经济
求知：1984年9月你在北京西苑饭店请来一批经济学家，请大家谈谈社会主义能不能搞商品经济的问题。这是上级指示，还是你的主意？
高尚全：当时中央正在起草《中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定》，我多次建议草稿中写入“商品经济”的概念，但都被否定了，有人认为最多只能写上“商品生产和商品交换”。我当时担任国家体改委局长兼经济体制改革研究所所长，在这种情况下，就以中国经济体制改革研究所所长的身份建议以中国体改研究会和中国体改所的名义召开一次理论讨论会，有20多位专家学者参加。
求知：当时赞成的、反对的各占多大比例？
高尚全：在会上，我首先提出，应明确提出社会主义商品经济的概念。经过大家的讨论，取得了共识，提出了一些突破性观点，比如“只有社会主义才能救中国，而只有发展商品经济才能富中国”。
求知：当时的经济体制，是不是叫“以计划经济为主，市场调节为辅”？
高尚全：党的十二大报告提出，“以计划经济为主，市场调节为辅”。概念本身有点混乱。“计划经济”是社会主义的制度，而市场调节是一种方法。两方面不在一个层次上。
求知：当年5月在太湖之滨举办了一次“价值规律”的研讨会，孙冶方先生参加了并大讲价值规律。据说“价值规律”当时都是敏感词？
高尚全：孙冶方先生在1959年就是因为讲价值规律遭到批判，付出了巨大的代价。在经济领域，千规律万规律，价值规律是第一规律。但直到上世纪80年初期，价值规律也是个敏感话题。1984年《中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定》才特别强调了要遵循价值规律、自觉运用价值规律。
求知：后来大家提出“社会主义商品经济”，但还是没有提出社会主义市场经济的命题？
高尚全：当时“商品经济”也是相当敏感的，只能提“商品交换”。“市场经济”的说法，就被认为是搞资本主义了。认识是一步一步深化的，没有人一开始就知道要搞市场经济。
求知：你把西苑饭店大家讨论的结果上报给了中央？报告怎么说的？
高尚全：会议开了两天，完了我就把结果写成建议，上报给中央决策者。其中主要强调：我国现阶段的社会主义经济是生产资料公有制为主体、多种经济成分并存的商品经济，我国经济改革的方向应当是：在坚持公有制为主体的前提下，按照发展商品经济和促进社会化大生产的要求，自觉运用经济规律。
求知：中央采纳了这些意见？
高尚全：中央领导给予高度重视，这些意见被吸纳进《中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定》。《决定》宣布：“商品经济的充分发展，是社会经济发展的不可逾越的阶段，是实现我国经济现代化的必要条件。”这是中国改革史上的重大突破。
跃进：
从商品经济到市场经济
求知：1992年，党的十四大报告提出“我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制”，此前你也提出处理计划与市场的关系？
高尚全：计划与市场之争已经争议近100年了。我们提的是“有计划的商品经济”，当时市场经济=资本主义，计划经济=社会主义，这种观念根深蒂固。但列宁在《论所谓市场问题》中说过：“哪里有社会分工和商品生产，哪里就有市场。”在1986年一次全国计划会议上，我提过“国家调控市场，市场引导企业”，想探索计划与市场内在统一的模式。
求知：学界还是没有直接提出“市场经济”的概念？
高尚全：当时社会上已经有一些学者提出过“市场经济”的概念，只是这些声音还只停留在民间，没有在高层产生影响。当时的认识是，有计划的商品经济存在市场，涉及计划与市场的关系问题。1987年我写了《希望在改革的理论上有新的重要突破——对十三大报告(征求意见稿)中计划与市场关系的一点意见》，提出“计划调节和市场调节都是一种手段和方法”，而且提出“用国家经济合同逐步替代指令性计划”。
求知：这是政策建议，但在你的理论认识层面上，你当时的真实看法是什么？
高尚全：理论认识也是一个渐进的过程。没直接提出“社会主义市场经济”，一方面是认识能力问题，另一方面受到各种条条框框的束缚。
求知：十四大报告为什么能够提出“我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制”？
高尚全：1992年邓小平南方谈话后，经济体制改革取得了突破性进展，特别是在计划与市场的争论上有了科学结论，实际上是小平同志一锤定音。在南巡时小平同志讲：计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。计划和市场都是经济手段。在这个基础上，江泽民同志在党的十四大报告中第一次明确提出，中国改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制。
求知：真正对建立社会主义市场经济体制作出全面部署是十四届三中全会。
高尚全：十四大报告实现理论突破，十四届三中全会搭建了社会主义市场经济的体制框架。1993年11月，十四届三中全会审议并通过了《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》，提出了社会主义市场经济体制的基本框架：一是转换国有企业经营机制，建立现代企业制度；二是培育和发展统一开放的市场体系；三是转变政府职能，建立健全以间接调控为主的宏观调控体系；四是建立合理的个人收入分配和社会保障制度。这几个方面做好了，就把市场经济的几根柱子立起来了。
论述何以不能一步到位
求知：对市场作用的认识，为什么不能一定到位？
高尚全：从观念上说，传统的计划经济体制是把“计划”作为社会主义制度的基本特征提出来的，把“计划”转向“市场”是很不容易的。计划经济的弊端早在20世纪50年代就暴露出来了，但囿于“计划经济是社会主义的基本特征”这个框框，谁也不敢在这方面有突破。
就改革的实践而言，我们改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，新体制主要是在传统体制周围逐步发展起来的，体现了“渐进性”的特点。所谓渐进性，就是改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度相统一这一指导思想在改革进程中的表现。
求知：你的著作和文章里常用“体制改革”这样一个概念，似乎比较少谈论“解放思想”，你更关心“制度”问题吗？
高尚全：35年改革开放的过程也就是解放思想的过程。每次改革开放的重大突破都是以解放思想为先导。只有解放思想，才能实现体制创新和理论创新。
恩格斯1888年8-9月间到美国旅行，在回来的路上写了《美国旅行印象》，他指出：创新和突破，首先是思想观念的创新和突破，是一个国家、一个民族生机和活力的源泉。19世纪80年代美国为什么发展得那么快，一个十分重要的原因，就是同老牌资本主义相比，他们很少有传统思想观念的羁绊。这为我们今天的理论创新、体制创新和科技创新提供了重要的启示。
求知：从世界范围来看，似乎不存在怀疑市场作用的问题，为什么在我们这里就需要花几十年来获得正确认识？
高尚全：中国的改革有自己较为特殊的困难和问题。
习近平同志最近指出，改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中而深化。35年来，我们用改革的办法解决了党和国家事业发展中的一系列问题。同时，在认识世界和改造世界的过程中，旧的问题解决了，新的问题又会产生，制度总是需要不断完善，因而改革既不可能一蹴而就、也不可能一劳永逸。
求知：我们经常讲“解放思想”，其中到底是思想不够解放，还是既得利益作祟？
高尚全：过去条条框框很多，束缚了人们的思想和言论。现在也还是有很多旧思维、旧观念束缚人们的手脚，改革的思想障碍还是存在。同时既得利益也成为改革的巨大障碍。现在改革既要解放思想，又要克服既得利益的阻碍。
走向民有民营民享的
民本经济
求知：十八届三中全会决定让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，算不算理论认识的完成？
高尚全：从理论上讲，经济基础是不断变化的，生产力是不断发展的，因此上层建筑和生产关系必须不断与之相适应。从实践看，完善市场经济也是动态的。像美国这样一个市场经济发达的国家，也出现次贷危机，暴露出体制和制度上的问题，也需要不断改革，不断完善。认识也没有完成的那一天。
求知：你很早就强调转变政府职能，提出实现政府职能由管制向服务方向转变，这对于市场体制完善是不是具有决定性作用？
高尚全：长期以来，政府主导着市场经济中资金、土地等最重要的几种要素的配置，扭曲了市场价格，造成不良后果。十八届三中全会公报指出“经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点，核心是处理好政府与市场的关系，是市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用”。政府的职能要转到为市场主体服务、创造良好的环境上来，主要通过保护市场主体的合法权益和公平竞争，激发社会成员创造财富的积极性，增强经济发展的内在动力。
求知：转变政府职能，目前还有哪些方面工作要做？
高尚全：一、简政放权。第一要限权，第二要放权，第三要分权。
二、打破行政垄断。由于行政性垄断的存在，使我国经济实际上存在着市场机制与行政机制两种不同的资源配置方式，尤其是基础产业和公用事业领导中行政资源配置方式抬高了整个经济运行的成本。
三、建设“法治政府”。政府要从过去强调管制向维护市场平等权利转变，把维护和保障市场主体的权利作为法制的出发点和归宿，从“允许”性规定向“禁止”性规定转变。
求知：你一直强调调整所有制结构，似乎更倾向于发展非国有经济，并一直提倡“民本经济”？
高尚全：我一直强调，产权问题是我国经济体制改革中一个核心的问题。过去我们对所有制概念有高低、先进与落后之分，但一种所有制是不是先进，不是从形式上看，而是从实际效果看，看它是不是促进生产力的发展，是不是扩大了就业、创造了税收。
我提的“民本经济”，人民是创业主体、经营主体和产权主体，实行民有、民营、民享，能充分发挥人民的积极性和创造力。大力发展“民本经济”，可能会降低国有经济的比重，但我多次说过，中国共产党的执政基础不在于国有经济比重的高低，而是在于三个“民”：民心、民生、民意。
求知：你对理论创新、体制创新抱有更多甚至更高的期待？
高尚全：最近中央政治局会议还提出，“实践发展永无止境，解放思想永无止境，改革开放也永无止境”。
求知：十八届三中全会作出全面深化改革的决定，有人怀疑它有可能停留在纸面上。你对全面深化改革有信心么？
高尚全：关键是抓落实，对此我有信心。今年4月份我写了《关于十八届三中全会主题的建议》呈交中央领导同志，其中一条建议就是成立中央全面深化改革领导小组，建议被采纳了。中央有统筹协调全面深化改革的决心，也有组织保障，大家应当有信心。
(高尚全谈经济体制创新 可以更成熟 没有彻底完善)
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