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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/21 1:38:18 People’s daily Sun of China’s economic achievements
This is opening up several digital tracks in 35 of China's economic development:
Gross domestic product in 1978 from 364.5 billion yuan, rose up to the cent in 2012;
Largest economy in the world rank, from the 1978, by 2010, second;
381 Yuan in per capita GDP since 1978, to RMB per cent in 2012;
Foreign reserves from $ 167 million in 1978, and ranked 38th in the world, to us $ per cent in 2012, for 7 consecutive years ranked first in the world ... ...
Opening 35 Chinese economic miracle created, State Council researcher Yao Jingyuan, in comments to: "we use a 35-year period, out of poverty solved the food and clothing beginning to move towards a comprehensive well-off society, this is the beginning of the 20th century to the 21st century, China's greatest contribution to mankind! ”
Created economic growth miracle, 33, annual average GDP growth 9.8%
In the 35 years of reform and opening up, China's economy even up the steps, overall national strength has increased significantly. In 1978 from 364.5 billion yuan in gross domestic rapidly rose per cent in 2012. From 1978 to 1986 in 1 trillion yuan for 8 years, and rose to 2 trillion yuan in 1991 for 5 years, after 10 years an average annual increase of nearly 1 trillion yuan, in 2001 to more than 10 trillion yuan mark, 2002-2006 an average annual increase of 2 trillion yuan in 2006 to more than 20 trillion yuan, up 10 trillion dollars every two years after 2012 is almost 52 trillion yuan.
Economic output connect the steps, because our growth has created a miracle. From 1979 by 2012, China's GDP grew 9.8%, average annual growth rate of the world economy during the same period was only 2.8%. China's economy ranking position in the world has grown steadily, contribution to world economic growth continues to increase. In 1978, China's economy is only ranked tenth in the world; in 2008 to more than Germany, ranking third in the world; in 2010 to more than Japan, ranking second in the world, after the United States's second-largest economy in the world. Share of world economic output per cent in 1978 to raise per cent in 2012. Since the second half of 2008, the international financial crisis, China become important engines of world economic recovery, 2008-2012 contribution to world economic growth with an average annual rate of more than 20%.
From tenth to second in the world, Yao Jingyuan, said: "we do not underestimate this number! In competition with countries around the world, able to hold his rank is a difficult thing, let alone continuous rise so much. Look at recent history, a country's economy can maintain double-digit growth, starting with Japan, lasted for 15 years thereafter the Asian Tigers, lasted for 20 years. As the Chinese economy that lasts more than 30 years of near double-digit growth, which is human miracle in itself! ”
The comprehensive national strength increased substantially, from a low-income country into upper middle-income countries
Sustained rapid growth, brought the overall national strength and international competitiveness has increased significantly. First, GDP per capita increases. In 1978 only 381 Yuan in GDP per capita, since 1987 over thousand Yuan, in 2003 to more than USD mark, 2007 exceeded 20,000 yuan, in 2010 exceeded 30,000 yuan in 2012, GDP per capita reached 38,420 Yuan, after deducting price factors, than per cent from 1978, an annual increase of 8.7%. Synchronized rapid growth per capita gross national income, according to World Bank data, China's per capita national income by us $ in 1978 to $ 190 per cent per cent in 2012, according to the World Bank classification criteria, has gone from low-income countries jumped from upper-income countries.
Maybe macro data will have a sense of distance, Yao Jingyuan, likes to talk about micro-data. Yao Jingyuan, pointed to the phone almost every one told reporters in 1987, China Mobile for the first time, the early 90 phone has three "three": a mobile 30,000 pieces, weight is three kilograms, waiting three months after paying to get. By 2012, mobile penetration to reach 82.5 per hundred people, almost all adult staff one level. "The data live in front of every one of us, are the achievements of the past 35 years, we. ”
Improvement of overall national strength but also in national financial strength has become noticeably stronger. In 1978, State revenues only 113.2 billion yuan, in 2012, China's fiscal revenue reached 11.7254 trillion yuan, per cent from 1978, an annual increase of 14.6%. Financial increases on China's economic development, strengthening social security, reduce urban-rural disparities, and improving people's livelihood and effectively respond to all categories of impact provided strong financial support.
Foreign exchange reserves surged from a shortage of foreign exchange reserves of the country great power
Accompanied by quickening the pace of liberalisation of, China foreign economic relations have made considerable progress, substantial growth in foreign exchange reserves, realized foreign exchange shortages to a huge shift in the world's largest foreign exchange reserves of the country.
In 1978, China's foreign exchange reserve is only $ 167 million, ranked 38th in the world, only $ 0.17 per person, equivalent to less than $ 1. With China's economic development and growth, current-account surpluses accumulate, shortage of foreign exchange reserves rapidly becoming history, 1990, foreign exchange reserves exceeded tens of billions of dollars, US $ 11.1 billion; in 1996 to more than hundreds of billions of dollars, reached US $ 105 billion in 2006 to more than $ 1 trillion, US $ 1.0663 trillion, exceeding Japan ranks first in the world. US $ per cent by 2012, for 7 consecutive years ranked first in the world.
(Original title: 35, the Chinese economy "the way up" (opening 35 · fruits of economic development commentary ①))
这是改革开放35年中国经济发展的几个数字轨迹：
国内生产总值由1978年的3645亿元，跃升至2012年的518942亿元；
经济总量居世界位次从1978年的第十，到2010年排位第二；
人均GDP从1978年的381元，到2012年的38420元；
外汇储备从1978年的1.67亿美元、居世界第三十八位，到2012年的33116亿美元、连续7年稳居世界第一位……
对改革开放35年中国经济创造的奇迹，国务院参事室特约研究员姚景源这样评价：“我们用35年的时间，摆脱了贫困解决了温饱开始走向全面小康，这是20世纪到21世纪初，中国对人类的最大贡献！”
创造经济增长奇迹，33年GDP年均增长9.8%
改革开放的35年中，中国经济总量连上台阶，综合国力大幅提升。国内生产总值由1978年的3645亿元迅速跃升至2012年的518942亿元。其中，从1978年上升到1986年的1万亿元用了8年时间，上升到1991年的2万亿元用了5年时间，此后10年平均每年上升近1万亿元，2001年超过10万亿元大关，2002—2006年平均每年上升2万亿元，2006年超过20万亿元，之后每两年上升10万亿元，2012年已近52万亿元。
经济总量连上台阶，是因为我们的增长速度创造了奇迹。从1979年到2012年，我国国内生产总值年均增长9.8%，同期世界经济年均增速只有2.8%。中国的经济总量居世界位次稳步提升，对世界经济增长的贡献不断提高。1978年，我国经济总量仅位居世界第十位；2008年超过德国，居世界第三位；2010年超过日本，居世界第二位，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体。经济总量占世界的份额由1978年的1.8%提高到2012年的11.5%。2008年下半年国际金融危机爆发以来，我国成为带动世界经济复苏的重要引擎，2008—2012年对世界经济增长的年均贡献率超过20%。
从世界第十到世界第二，姚景源说：“大家千万别小看这么几位数！在与世界各国的竞争中，能够稳住自己的位次都是很难的事，更不要说连续上升这么多位。看看近代史，一个国家的经济能够保持两位数的高速增长，首先是日本，持续了15年；此后是亚洲四小龙，持续了20年。像中国经济这样能够持续30多年近两位数的增长，这本身就是人类奇迹！”
综合国力大幅提升，从低收入国家跨入中上等收入国家
持续的快速增长，带来了综合国力和国际竞争力的大幅提升。首先是人均国内生产总值不断提高。1978年人均国内生产总值仅有381元，此后，1987年越过千元大关，2003年超过万元大关，2007年突破2万元，2010年突破3万元大关，2012年人均国内生产总值达到38420元，扣除价格因素，比1978年增长16.2倍，年均增长8.7%。人均国民总收入也实现同步快速增长，根据世界银行数据，我国人均国民总收入由1978年的190美元上升至2012年的5680美元，按照世界银行的划分标准，已经由低收入国家跃升至中上等收入国家。
也许宏观数据会让人产生距离感，姚景源喜欢讲微观数据。姚景源指着几乎人手一部的手机告诉记者，1987年中国第一次出现手机，到上世纪90年代初时手机有三个“三”：一个手机三万块、重量是三斤、交钱后要排队等三个月才能拿到。到2012年，手机普及率达到每百人82.50部，几乎达到了所有成年人人手一部的水平。“这些数据活生生地摆在我们每一个人面前，都是改革开放35年我们取得的成就。”
综合国力的提升还表现在国家财政实力明显增强。1978年国家财政收入仅1132亿元，2012年，我国财政收入达到117254亿元，比1978年增长103倍，年均增长14.6%。财力的增加对我国促进经济发展、加强社会保障、减小城乡差距、切实改善民生、有效应对各类冲击提供了有力的资金保障。
外汇储备大幅增长，从外汇短缺国到外汇储备大国
伴随着开放步伐的加快，中国的对外经济也有长足的进步，外汇储备大幅增长，实现了从外汇短缺国到世界第一外汇储备大国的巨大转变。
1978年，我国外汇储备仅1.67亿美元，位居世界第三十八位，人均只有0.17美元，折合人民币不足1块钱。随着我国对外经济的发展壮大，经常项目贸易盈余不断积累，外汇储备的短缺迅速成为历史，1990年外汇储备超过百亿美元，达到111亿美元；1996年超过千亿美元，达到1050亿美元；2006年超过1万亿美元，达到10663亿美元，超过日本位居世界第一位。2012年达到33116亿美元，连续7年稳居世界第一位。
(原标题：35年，中国经济“一路向上”(改革开放35年·经济发展成果述评①))
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