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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/23 17:22:30 Officials of the State-owned assets supervision
The vast majority of State-owned enterprises to become mixed ownership
--Visiting Director of SASAC Research Center chuxuping
Reporter Bai Tianliang
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision (hereinafter the decision) on the reform of State-owned enterprises make full deployment. Deploy new reforms which impact on the development of State-owned enterprises, State owned assets supervision? On November 21, SASAC Director of the Center for an interview chuxuping.
Effective zoom power of State-owned capital in the different systems of mutual promotion and common development
"Allowing more State-owned economic and other sectors of the economy to develop the mixed ownership economy"
--The decision of the
Developing mixed ownership economy is the core of a new round of State-owned enterprises reform issues.
Chuxuping said the mixed ownership economy in line with modern production. Only a mixed economy, State-owned capital-led force can effectively enlarge and make a difference. "100% driving 100%, equals 1; 1% driving 99%, it would be able to make mutual promotion and common development in various forms of ownership. ”
He said that would allow more State-owned economic mixed ownership economy in future. By 2020, the vast majority of State-owned enterprises ' share holding, with the exception of a few specific areas, most of the State-owned enterprises to develop into mixed-ownership enterprises. Shares absolutely held by State-owned capital can be implemented as needed, and the relative majority of shares, equity participation, can also be imposed form of preferred stock, gold shares.
In the course of deepening the reform of State-owned enterprises, the SASAC will be based on functional orientation of State-owned enterprises, implementation of classifications: one is a public enterprise, services of public utility enterprises refer mainly to take people's lives, as urban power supply, water supply, gas supply, heat supply, public transportation, subways, airports, infrastructure, Enterprise and so on. II is to protect enterprises, special resources in occupied countries, bear the responsibility for the necessary development of the national economy and national security enterprises, such as financial, oil, telecommunications, power grids, military, an important transportation enterprises, national reserves and so on. Third, commercial enterprises, and refers to the full competitive fields, except for the first two categories of enterprises, can be assigned to this category.
Nurturing combination Consortium
"Reform of State-owned capital authorized operating system", "support conditional on restructuring State-owned enterprises to state capital investment Corporation"
State-owned investment company will be what type of business? Chuxuping said, State-owned investment company has significant investment banking features, mainly for corporate restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, and securities issued by the company business.
Reformed, one of the priorities is to promote the integration of industrial capital and financial capital, nurturing combination Consortium, so as to enhance the efficiency of capital operations to achieve economies of scale, reduced transaction costs, by employing advantages, promote the enterprise internationalization through combination consortia development enterprises to become the world's top 500. This is the inevitable choice of the development of Chinese enterprises.
Grant, forming a number of capital operation in State-owned companies. Function and role, promote the rational flow of State capital, reshaping the effective structure of industry structure and operations, avoid duplication, competition, and effectively improve the efficiency in the allocation of resources, promoting mixed-ownership enterprises such as national security, the lifeline of the national economy to grow and develop.
Authorization, cultivating a number of State-owned investment company, PE, VC investment and capital operation. The function and effect of which is to promote Chinese enterprises ' technical innovation, management innovation, business model innovation, and improve the liquidity of State-owned capital, give better play to the leading role of State-owned capital in a number of pillar industries and high-tech industries to build strong national enterprises.
State supervision to prevent "zhangfang"
"Pipe capital strengthening supervision of the State-owned assets"
The SASAC will reform itself?
Chuxuping said the decision made "to possess capital mainly to strengthen the State-owned assets supervision" is to ask the SASAC to improve supervision of State-owned capital in new ways. SASAC changes needed to achieve three changes. Caliber asset management from management changes in the investor's investment capital; the other is from an administrative business managers to manage venture board representation change; three are from manage major change to the part of the Commission is authorized by the Board of management.
Achieving these three changes, State regulators need strengthening to explore the layout of the State-owned economy structure adjustment, implement long-term strategic objectives of national economic development, fostering economic competition advantage new features. In the reform, to prevent the weakening function of State regulators to prevent weakening State economy's driving force, influence, preventing state regulators into shorter "zhangfang Sir".
ESOP meaning as much as "two bombs"
"Allow mixed ownership economy to employee stock ownership, capital owners and workers formed the community of interests"
Employee stock ownership concepts identified in the decision, triggering widespread concern. Employee stock ownership plan to ensure fair and impartial?
Chuxuping said that the shareholding system will help improve the productivity of workers. United States Microsoft, Cisco and other world-class companies have implemented employee shareholding, productivity of 15% per cent. Chinese companies such as Huawei and Haier have adopted employee stock ownership, and become an industry leader. Conducive to inspire Enterprise ' vigour of ESOP, will help improve productivity.
He also stressed that the employee stock in line with Marxism. The core of Marxist economic theory, is to work to create value and respect the property rights of labor creating value system must be established, establishment of workers occupy a part of the means of production system in the primary stage of socialism.
"This plenary allow mixed ownership economy employee stock ownership ', that is enterprises based on contribution size, part of the shares to include corporate management, scientific and technical personnel and ordinary workers, or purchased by the voluntary contributions of staff and workers, so that all employees can obtain property income. Employee stock ownership means as much as ' the two bombs. "Chuxuping said.
绝大部分国企成为混合所有制
——访国务院国资委研究中心主任楚序平
本报记者 白天亮
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)对国有企业改革做出全面部署。新的改革部署将对国企发展、国资监管产生哪些影响？11月21日，国务院国资委研究中心主任楚序平接受了采访。
有效放大国有资本带动力，使各种所有制相互促进、共同发展
“允许更多国有经济和其他所有制经济发展成为混合所有制经济”
——《决定》
积极发展混合所有制经济是新一轮国企改革的核心课题。
楚序平表示，发展混合所有制经济符合现代化大生产需要。只有混合所有制经济，才可以有效放大国有资本的带动力，发挥影响力。“用100%带动100%，只等于1；用1%带动99%，那才叫本事，才能使各种所有制相互促进、共同发展。”
他介绍说，未来将允许更多国有经济成为混合所有制经济。到2020年，绝大部分国有企业实现股权多元化，除少数特殊领域外，大部分国有企业发展成为混合所有制企业。国有资本可以根据需要实施绝对控股、相对控股、参股，也可以实行优先股、黄金股等形式。
在深化国企改革的过程中，国资委将根据国企的功能定位，实施分类：一是公用类企业，指主要承担人民生活服务的公用事业企业，如城市供电、供水、供气、供热、公交、地铁、机场、基础设施企业等。二是保障类企业，指占有国家特殊资源，承担必要的国民经济发展保障和国家安全责任的企业，如金融、石油、电信、电网、军工、重要运输、国家储备企业等。三是商业类企业，是指处于充分竞争性领域，除前两类企业外，都可以归到这一类中。
培育产融结合财团
“改革国有资本授权经营体制”，“支持有条件的国有企业改组为国有资本投资公司”
国有资本投资公司将是什么类型的企业？楚序平分析说，国有资本投资公司具有显著的投资银行特征，主要进行企业重组、兼并与收购、公司证券发行等业务。
下一步改革，重点之一是要促进产业资本和金融资本的融合，培育产融结合财团，从而提升资本运营效率实现规模经济，降低交易费用，实现优势互补，促进企业国际化，通过产融结合财团发展子企业成为世界500强。这是中国企业发展的必然选择。
要授权、形成一批国有资本运营公司。功能和作用是，推进国有资本合理流动，重塑有效的行业结构和企业运营架构，避免重复建设、恶性竞争，切实提高资源配置效率，促进国家安全、国民经济命脉等混合所有制企业的发展壮大。
要授权、培育一批国有资本投资公司，开展资本运作和PE、VC投资。其功能和作用是，促进我国企业技术创新、管理创新、商业模式创新，提高国有资本的流动性，更好发挥国有资本的带动作用，在若干支柱产业和高新技术产业打造优强民族企业。
国资监管防止成为“账房先生”
“以管资本为主加强国有资产监管”
国资委自身将有什么改革？
楚序平表示，《决定》提出“以管资本为主加强国有资产监管”，是要求国资委以新的方式加强国有资本监管。国资委的变革需要实现三个转变。一是从管理全口径的资产向管理出资人投资资本的转变；二是从管理企业经营管理者到管理投资企业董事会代表的转变；三是从管理企业重大事项向部分委托董事会授权管理的转变。
实现这三个转变，国资监管机构需要强化探索国有经济布局结构调整、实施国家经济发展长远战略目标，培育国家经济竞争新优势功能。在改革中，要防止弱化国资监管机构的功能，防止削弱国有经济的带动力、影响力，防止将国资监管机构矮化为“账房先生”。
员工持股意义不亚于“两弹一星”
“允许混合所有制经济实行企业员工持股，形成资本所有者和劳动者利益共同体”
《决定》提出员工持股概念，引发社会普遍关注。员工持股如何确保公平公正？
楚序平介绍说，职工持股制度有利于提高劳动生产率。美国的微软、思科等世界一流企业都实施了雇员持股，劳动生产率提高15%—30%。我国的华为、海尔等企业都实行了职工持股，并成为行业排头兵。职工持股有利于激发企业活力，有利于提高劳动生产率。
他同时强调，员工持股制度符合马克思主义。马克思主义经济理论的核心，就是劳动创造价值，必须建立尊重劳动创造价值的产权制度，在社会主义初级阶段建立劳动者占有部分生产资料的体制制度。
“这次全会提出‘允许混合所有制经济实行企业员工持股’，即企业根据贡献大小，将部分股份分给包括企业管理层、科技人员和普通职工，或由职工自愿出资购买，使全体职工还能获得财产性收入。员工持股意义不亚于‘两弹一星’。”楚序平说。
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