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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/23 17:22:41 People’s daily concerns have moved forcefully “golden rice bowl“
The "iron rice bowl" and "golden rice bowl" (stroll)
Du Haitao
《 人民日报 》
Moved forcefully abnormally high wage adjustment as the starting point of reform of the income distribution, not only to ease social conflicts, in response to public concern, can also promote reform of enterprises, strengthen the economic vitality
Not long ago, a friend of State civil service in Beijing, Xiao Chen resigned in favour of enterprises as a press officer.
"The hard work the same as before, but the income level is on a higher level. "Chen admits that, when the stability of the civil service, but only four thousand or five thousand dollars of monthly income in his hands always rigid. Now to this House the Central enterprises, earning a hundred thousand of dollars, as Director of public information, their disposable funds and three hundred thousand or four hundred thousand dollars a year, "now lives, is not entirely comparable. ”
High wages in enterprises has been the focus of social concern. On November 6, the NetEase finance publication of the 2012 Central enterprises employees report, 113 enterprises and its listed subsidiary, annual average wage of fully employed staff were combing, 2012 annual average wages of employees of these enterprises is 111,000 yuan was 3.8 times times the average wage in the private sector, income levels are much higher than the public service average. It has been said that as civil servants, end up on a "iron rice bowls", and entered the Central enterprises, is on the side than the "iron rice bowl" higher color "golden rice bowl".
Of even greater concern is that some central enterprises in nominal wages may not be very high, but by other means transferred to the employee benefits are very rich. Parking card, gas card, a holiday to make up, exist to make up, some central enterprises pay their employees a health benefit. All manner of cloaking benefits, hidden, in fact widened the income gap.
There is no doubt that Central enterprises assume an important role in economic and social development, in the development of Central enterprises and workers in enterprises offering wisdom and labour, their income levels are supposed to be matched with paid labour. But people are not satisfied with is that some enterprises of high income and high benefits, largely from strong possession or administrative monopoly access to resources, and labor efficiency and management level will not matter. Enterprises rely on monopolies, stressing production, construction, tended to ignore the market rules, or even at all costs, regardless of profitability. In this case, if the employee's income is always "high" just seems unfair. Over time, increasing social discontent, and ultimately hurt themselves and the credibility of the Government.
18 approval of the decision made in the three, standardize income distribution, regulate excessively high income, cleaning up code for hidden income, and ban illegal income, increase the income of low-income, expand the proportion of middle-income people. Abnormal high wage adjustment Central enterprises foothold in the reform of the income distribution, not only to ease social conflicts, in response to public concern, but also promote the reform of Central enterprises, enhance economic vitality, is the issue of reform of the income distribution, there are plenty of good work.
How to adjust the Central enterprises higher wages? Expert's prescription is actively developing mixed ownership economy to further break administrative monopoly in all its forms, formed in the economic development of healthy competition, increase the enterprises related to possess State revenue collection, increase the proportion of after-tax profits of State-owned enterprises turned over, regulation from its source high source of income imposed on enterprises total wages, wages double regulation of operational measures. In addition, also with good leverage of tax revenue, strengthening the collection of personal income tax for higher-income groups.
State-owned enterprises is the nature of the whole people, the fruits of reform and development should be for all to share, not by these enterprises enjoy. Starting from code for Central enterprises pay income, strengthen the Central enterprises and workers in particular revenue management of executives and middle managers, then push the obvious progress made in reform of the income distribution. Income distribution is more reasonable, day was more to look forward to, the State-owned economy to a more dynamic.
“铁饭碗”和“金饭碗”(生活漫步)
杜海涛
■把调节央企不正常的高工资作为收入分配改革的切入点，不仅能够缓解社会矛盾，回应群众关切，还能推动央企改革，增强经济活力
前不久，在北京某国家机关当公务员的朋友小陈辞职了，转而在一家央企当起了新闻官。
“工作和以前同样辛苦，不过收入水平却上了一个台阶。”小陈坦言，当公务员虽然安稳，但每月收入只有四五千元，手里总是紧巴巴。现在到了这家央企，年薪十几万元，作为新闻方面的负责人，自己每年可支配的资金还有三四十万元，“现在的生活状态，完全不是以前可比的。”
央企的高工资一直是社会关注焦点。11月6日，网易财经发布《2012年央企职工报告》，对113家央企及其上市子公司在岗职工年平均工资进行了梳理，发现2012年这些企业的在职员工平均工资为11.1万元，是私企平均工资的3.8倍，比公务员的平均收入水平也高不少。有人说，当公务员，端上的最多算是“铁饭碗”；进入央企，端上的是比“铁饭碗”成色更高的“金饭碗”。
更令人关注的是，有些央企表面工资可能不太高，但通过其他方式转移给职工的福利待遇却很丰厚。停车卡、加油卡、休假补、误餐补，有的央企连员工健身都有补贴。这些形形色色的隐形福利、灰色收入，事实上拉大了收入差距。
毫无疑问，央企在经济社会发展中承担着重要作用，央企职工在企业发展过程中奉献了智慧和劳动，其收入水平理应与劳动付出相匹配。但人们不满意的是，一些央企的高收入、高福利，主要是靠对资源的强势占有或行政垄断取得的，与劳动效率、管理水平关系不大。有的央企依靠垄断地位，抓生产、搞建设，往往忽视市场规则，甚至不计成本、不顾盈利。在这种情况下，如果其职工收入总是“高高在上”，就显得不公平。长此以往，必然加剧社会不满，最终伤害的是企业本身和政府公信力。
十八届三中全审议通过的《决定》提出，规范收入分配秩序，调节过高收入，清理规范隐性收入，取缔非法收入，增加低收入者收入，扩大中等收入者比重。把调节央企不正常的高工资作为收入分配改革的切入点，不仅能够缓解社会矛盾，回应群众关切，还能推动央企改革、增强经济活力，是收入分配改革的题中之义，有一举多得之良效。
如何调节央企高工资？专家开出的药方是：积极发展混合所有制经济，进一步破除各种形式的行政性垄断，在经济发展中形成良性竞争；加大对央企占有国有资源的相关税收征收，提高国有企业税后利润上缴比例，从源头上调控高收入来源；对央企实行工资总额、工资水平双重调控的可操作措施。此外，还要用好税收杠杆，加强对高收入群体个人所得税的征收监管。
国有企业的性质是全民所有，其改革发展的成果理应让全民分享，不能完全由这些企业独享。从规范央企工资收入开始，加强对央企职工特别是企业高管和中层管理者的收入管理，就能推动收入分配改革取得明显进展。收入分配更合理，日子才更有奔头，国有经济才更有活力。
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