Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/23 17:25:31 Steering-Government culture culture
18 the third plenary session of the party by the CPC Central Committee's decision on deepen reform of major issues (hereinafter the decision) "to promote cultural innovation in institutions and mechanisms" as an important task in order to further deepen the reform of the cultural points the way. This reporter recently on related issues: an interview with Minister of culture CAI.
Highlight 1 reforms to crack a hard nut. Many issues to coordinate linkage, promote the implementation of the policy
Reporter: compared with the reforms in the field of culture in the past, then what are the characteristics of reform? May have the greatest difficulty in where?
CAI: from the cultural practices of reform and achieved success by stages in the past we realized profoundly, the next reform will no longer be well-trained commando-style reforms. As XI, General Secretary pointed out, and today are able to, and can be changed, and more likely to have changed much, the rest are difficult to gnaw the bone, all involve deep-seated contradictions and problems, particularly those involving the adjustment of the pattern of interests. This requires more prominent, comprehensiveness and coordination of reform as a whole.
For example, shortly before the party's propaganda Department, the Ministry of culture and other ministries to support the reform of State-owned cultural enterprises jointly formulated policies and issued documents, but they have not yet fully falls to the ground. Why is there no ground? Because it involves issues of land, personnel issues, tax issues, these policies must be complementary. State-owned arts groups such as the nature of what nature? In advance of the cultural system, under the system of planned economy, the cause is public land, can be allocated, but arts and cultural groups were transformed into enterprises, to build a theater, this turns into commercial land, nature has changed. According to conventional wisdom, this problem is not cracked, but we have the spirit of reform to crack. Land issues are not resolved, the theater built up, we always work for the theatre, not come ever.
Tax issues such as cultural industries. Now cultural enterprises of various taxes add up to more than 30%, the enterprise too great a burden. I want tax reform of cultural enterprises, especially the large number of small cultural enterprises to implement tax incentives.
All these problems are not solved by cultural sector can, require departments to coordinate linkage, to promote reform.
Highlight 2 Government culture to culture. Achieving separation, separated from politics, pipe separation
Reporter: on improving the cultural management system, the plenary to help government departments from culture to culture change, from "If" to "pipe" is a big change, I ask you: Culture Department how to accomplish this transformation?
CAI: transforming government functions is an important task of the next step to deepen cultural restructuring. We will be in accordance with all the requirements, further straighten out the cultural relationship between executive departments and their respective enterprises, achieving separation, separated from politics, tube separation. Cultural sector in his hand a lot further decentralization, to the community. Some Governments do things right now, and will be used to purchase services approach, tender approach, to community groups, agencies, schools and troupes to bear.
Has as enterprise restructuring of cultural enterprises, the reform calls for the establishment of sound modern enterprise system, the establishment of corporate governance structure, causing them to become qualified market main body as soon as possible, enhance competitiveness and overall strength. Minority retention properties of literary groups to carry out enterprise management, engagement and identity into contract for internal distribution system to perform a post performance wages, they practice the reform of social insurance and social security. The reform must be carried out, still retain their original shape without life.
Reforms aimed at improving service quality and efficiency. Such as the library, the Museum is free and open, free open not only does not charge admission, in fact, brought about by the museums, libraries in institutional management, and mechanisms of change. Museums can do derivatives business, if it is the nature of business, how to operate, how these activities, set tax rates, allowing it to get to what extent ... ... Depend on innovation in institutions and mechanisms with a range of new problems to solve.
Highlight 3 public cultural services should be a standard. What projects are there, how many people, how many funds require the standard
Reporter: the plenary "establish and improve the modern market system" and "building a modern public cultural service system", should be how to understand these two "modern"? What are the specific measures to ensure the implementation of these two tasks?
CAI: my understanding is that "culture of modern market system" of the "modern" has four characteristics. First, to comply with the laws of the market, the second is to embody the requirements of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the third is to promote the rational flow of factors of production, four are more open.
Played market in culture resources configuration in the of decisive role, while Government to reduced administrative approval, no longer excessive intervention market acts, further strengthened rule of law construction, sound culture market regulations system, perfect culture market run basic rules; while market competition environment must fair, and loose, to reduced threshold, and relaxed market access conditions, on State and private alike, fair competition, to to market main untie, introduced fittest. To make talent, capital, land, technology, information and culture the rational flow of factors of production, diversification of the cultural goods and services more competitive, it needs to break local protectionism, break the fetters of sectoral interests.
The plenary "building modern public cultural service system", my understanding is that "modern" Word from equalization, standardization, diversification and other aspects to be understood. Equal access to public cultural services we are doing enough, now between East and West, between urban and rural areas, between Han Chinese and ethnic areas, there is a big difference between the different sectors, needs through the development of this piece of cake bigger public cultural services and manage.
For public cultural services, we would like to have their own standards. Integrated township Township and village culture houses, community cultural centres, libraries, County mass art gallery, Museum, which projects should have, how many people, how many years should funding, required standards.
A feature of modern public cultural service system is Government-led, diverse participation. Volunteer system, business system needs to be established. Foreign performing groups, in particular the high art like a Symphony, Ballet, Opera, funds constituted essentially "one-third pattern", is the Government funding accounted for one-third, social donations accounted for one-third, box office revenues accounted for one-third. In our country now is dominated by government investment, box office revenue is still relatively low, national performing arts box office market still a year less than 10 billion dollars, less than the box office. More important is sponsoring this portion largely free of society.
Highlight 4 people-centred work oriented. Creation is not for awards, but to improve the population's happiness index
Reporter: the decision makes perfect cultural product evaluation system, reform of the evaluation system, introduced more cultural products. How to reflect on specific operations adhere to the people-centred work oriented?
He: a people-centered work oriented towards cultural work must uphold the principle of one, from the writer's artist, to guide their lives, grounding, and encourage creativity reflects real life, full of life, people love to work, rather than behind closed doors.
Second you want to encourage people's creativity. Popularity and bolster both equally important, can not only keep your eyes glued to a famous who has become famous, but to see the creativity of the people, and to create opportunities for people to create the conditions, were fully revealed by this creative force.
Third, judging a work not only to expert standard as the standard, to see people reactions.
IV, cultural products and services for people to share. Creation itself is not exclusive, not only gave a few people, not for the awards, but to really delight people, educate people and guide the people, making people feel that only increases his happiness.
(Original title: Government-run cultural turn tube culture (Insider interview · learning and carrying out 18 the spirit of the third plenary session))
党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》）把“推进文化体制机制创新”作为一项重要任务，为进一步深化文化体制改革指明了方向。本报记者近日就相关问题专访文化部部长蔡武。
亮点1 改革要啃硬骨头。很多问题需要各部门协调联动，推进政策的落实
记者：与以往文化领域的改革相比，接下来的改革有什么特点？可能遇到最大困难在哪里？
蔡武：从过去文化体制改革取得阶段性成果的实践中我们深刻体会到，接下来的改革将不再是单兵突击式的改革。正如习近平总书记所指出的，到今天能够改的、可以改的、比较容易改的都已经改得差不多了，剩下的都是难啃的骨头，都涉及到深层次矛盾和问题，特别是涉及到利益格局的调整。这就需要我们更加突出改革的整体性、全面性和协同性。
举个例子，前不久中宣部、文化部等九部委就扶持国有文艺院团转企改制联合制定政策并下发文件，但这些政策还没有完全落地。为什么没有落地？因为涉及到土地问题、税收问题、人员问题，这一系列政策必须是配套的。比如国有文艺院团的用地性质究竟是什么性质？在文化体制改革之前，计划经济、事业体制下是公共用地，是可以划拨的，但现在文艺院团转制为企业了，要建剧场了，这个地就变成商业用地了，性质发生了变化。如果按照传统观点，这个问题是不能破解的，但是我们必须以改革精神破解。土地问题不解决，剧场建不起来，我们的院团永远只给剧场打工，永远都发展不起来。
再比如文化企业的税收问题。现在文化企业的各种税加起来有30%多，企业负担太重。我希望在税收改革中能够对文化企业，特别是大量的小微文化企业落实税收优惠政策。
所有这些问题都不是单靠文化部门自己就能解决的，需要各部门协调联动，共同推进改革。
亮点2 政府办文化转向管文化。实现政企分开、政事分开、管办分离
记者：关于完善文化管理体制，全会提出，要推动政府部门由办文化向管文化转变，从“办”到“管”是一个很大的转变，请问：文化部门如何完成这个转变？
蔡武：转变政府职能是下一步深化文化体制改革的一项重要任务。我们将按照全会的要求，进一步理顺文化行政部门与所属企事业单位的关系，实现政企分开、政事分开、管办分离。文化部门手上抓的好多事将进一步下放，交给社会。有一些现在政府办的事情，以后可以用购买服务的办法、招标的办法，交给社会团体、中介机构、院团去承担。
已经转企改制的文化企业，要按照改革要求建立完善的现代企业制度，建立法人治理结构，促使它们尽快成为合格的市场主体，提高竞争力和综合实力。少数保留事业性质的文艺院团也要实行企业化管理，人员身份改成聘任制和合同制，内部分配制度要执行岗位绩效工资，他们的社会保险要和社会保障体制改革接轨。这个改革必须进行，还保留原来的形态就没有活力。
改革目的是要提高服务质量和效能。比如图书馆、博物馆实行免费开放，免费开放不仅仅只是不收门票，实际上带来的是博物馆、图书馆在体制管理、机制上的变革。比如博物馆可不可以做衍生产品经营，如果是事业性质，那么怎么样进行经营，对这些经营活动怎么规范，制定什么税率，允许它搞到什么程度……有一系列新问题需要依靠体制机制创新来解决。
亮点3 公共文化服务应有标准。有哪些项目，有多少人，有多少经费都需要标准
记者：全会提出“建立健全现代文化市场体系”和“构建现代公共文化服务体系”，请问应该如何理解这两个“现代”？有哪些具体措施确保这两项任务得到落实？
蔡武：我理解，“现代文化市场体系”的“现代”有四个特点。一是要符合市场规律，二是要体现中国特色社会主义的要求，三是要促进生产要素合理流动，四是要更加开放。
发挥市场在文化资源配置中的决定性作用，一方面政府要减少行政审批，不再过度干预市场行为，进一步加强法治建设，健全文化市场法规体系，完善文化市场运行基本规则；一方面市场竞争环境必须公平、宽松，要降低门槛、放宽市场准入条件，对国有和民营一视同仁，公平竞争，要给市场主体松绑，实行优胜劣汰。要使人才、资本、土地、技术、信息这些文化生产要素合理流动，使参与竞争的文化产品和服务更加多样化，这就需要破除地方保护主义，破除部门利益的羁绊。
全会提出“构建现代公共文化服务体系”，我理解，“现代”二字可以从均等化、标准化、多元化等方面去理解。公共文化服务的均等化我们做得很不够，现在东西部之间、城乡之间、汉族地区和民族地区之间、不同阶层之间存在很大差别，需要通过发展把公共文化服务这块蛋糕做大，合理分配。
对于公共文化服务，我们要有自己的标准。乡镇综合文化站、村文化活动室、社区文化活动中心、县图书馆、县群艺馆、文化馆，应该有哪些项目，应该有多少人，一年应该有多少经费，都需要有标准。
现代公共文化服务体系的一个特征是政府主导、多元参与。志愿者制度、企业赞助制度等都需要建立。国外演艺团体，特别是像交响乐、芭蕾舞、歌剧院这些高雅艺术，经费构成基本上是“1/3格局”，就是政府拨款占1/3，社会赞助占1/3，票房收入占1/3。我国现在是以政府投入为主，票房收入还比较低，全国一年演艺市场票房到现在还不到100亿元，比电影票房还少。更重要是社会赞助这部分基本上没有。
亮点4 以人民为中心的工作导向。创作不是为评奖，而是为提高百姓的幸福指数
记者：《决定》里提出健全文化产品评价体系，改革评价制度，推出更多文化精品。在具体操作上如何体现坚持以人民为中心的工作导向？
蔡武：以人民为中心的工作导向是文化工作必须要坚持的一个原则，从创作主体艺术家来讲，要引导他们深入生活、接地气，鼓励创作反映现实生活、充满生活气息、老百姓喜闻乐见的作品，而不是闭门造车。
其次要鼓励人民群众的创作。普及和提高两者并重，不能只把眼睛盯在已经成名的名家身上，要看到人民群众的创造力，要给群众创造条件创造机会，让这种创造力量充分展现出来。
第三，评判一个作品不能只以专家标准为标准，要看老百姓反应。
第四，文化产品与文化服务要为人民真正共享。创作本身不是为了孤芳自赏，不是为了只给少数人看，不是为了评奖，而是要真正愉悦老百姓、教育老百姓、引导老百姓，使老百姓感觉到提高了他的幸福指数才行。
（原标题：政府办文化转向管文化（权威访谈·学习贯彻十八届三中全会精神））
赞