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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/26 9:01:35 Hunan journal： young Mao Ze-Dong is the real “Northern drift“ people
Youth Mao Zedong's way of "Northern drift" people
Reporter keen
"The drift North", a modern term, also known as the North drift owners. Is especially comes from non-Beijing and non-Beijing Hukou (that is, non-traditional Peking Man), the people who live and work in Beijing (including foreigners, outsiders). "Northern drift" people arrived here early has few fixed residence, moving around a lot, giving floating feeling uncertain of their own for a variety of reasons, Beijing has more of a sense of identity cannot be, therefore its name.
To set according to the above concept to Mao Zedong in Beijing for the first time, he is a real "Northern drift".
1
Foot step: taste, "Northern drift" taste
Memories of Mao Zedong first came to Beijing because, he said: "it is summer (June 1918, Mao Zedong's graduate Division), I decided to go to Peking-when to call Beijing. At that time, many students in Hunan plans to France to work ... ... Prior to going abroad, these youth preparatory reading French in Peking. I help them realize this plan, in which a group of students, there are a number of Hunan (first) normal school student ... ... I walked a few students in Hunan to Beijing. ”
Xinmin Society Conference facilitator of Mao Zedong, to Beijing for the first time was to organize the Hunan's work-study students to law.
"I borrow from my friend to go to Peking, so to find. At that time, the former teacher training college ethics teacher Yang Huaizhong (Chang Ji), Professor at Peking University. I'll go and ask him to help me find it. He introduced me to the University Librarian, this man is Li Dazhao ... ... Li da-Zhao's work for me, asking me to do library Sukemasa, salaries are eight bucks a month. ”
Low-income monthly – eight bucks; low-duty Sukemasa – library, a day job is managing the 15 newspapers; more of a hardship, without shelter, and modern "Northern drift" people are like.
2
Footprints: tofu pond Lane, 15th
Ransom "bin Yang Yu"
Beijing gulou tofu pool lane, 15th (now 9th), now hanging up district-level key cultural relics protection units of the plaque. This is the courtyard of two small residential buildings, is the most common hard roof in Beijing, it does "bin Yang Yu", campus door inlaid with "former residence of Mao Zedong 's" of plaque.
Now, the House current patterns persist, spacious and bright but that is profound and literary image of overflowing, chapters have been clogged and clutter-free and fuel mix was replaced by a Symphony of tastes and scoops the pot Bowl.
This is when Yang Changji, was started in Beijing where Mao Zedong's stay. At that time, Yang Changji family shelter in the backyard, front yard is where Dr my living with the daughter, Yang kaihui. Started in Beijing, Mao Zedong and CAI hesen, staying in the front yard in the South room.
Soon, Mao Zedong, CAI hesen, for communicating with other members of the new people to the capital, Yang Changji's help, find a new place. Left, Mao Zedong is still here in the holiday party, or listening to he taught philosophy and ethics, or discussion is.
3
Footprints: Jean East Lane, 7th
Rental at the "small room"
Mao Ze-dong on their "new home"-drum and Bell Tower of three wells near the beach in the surrounding East Lane, 7th, left lane, 8th for the Jingshan Dongjie and Jean. North rooms/3 per room, retreating by 1 room, the East Room 2 rooms. Also known as auspicious by Jean, was the scene of Qing dynasty palace eunuch deposit coffin pending burial funeral after the death. This year not so noble, House right where to go.
They rented by Mao Zedong was one of 3 room, area less than 10 square meters, is truly "a room and a half between Kang" House. Poor outdated equipment in the room: a Heatable Adobe sleeping platform close to the south wall, covered baking an old Kang mat, storage baskets and clothing can only be stacked in the corner wall. For weak light room small oil lamps, only put it on the corner.
Mao Zedong, CAI hesen, Xiao Zisheng, Chen Kunfu, Luo Zhanglong 8 people living in this little house. Mao Ze-Dong's later recalled the scene, he said: "when we all sleep, Kang, squeezing almost breath. Whenever I want to stand up, have to greet people on both sides. ”
4
Foot step: living out of a steamed bun with salted vegetable
In narrow terms, to eat more bad.
According to Luo Zhanglong recalls: "first we eat out food fees are expensive and are not used, and discuss self catering cuan, desirable, no spread, frail and with food without interruption. Due to lack of taste cooking Kettle, with enamel wash basin that pot. Beijing Mi Gui hard to sell, often with chow mein noodles, tune into paste, add green onion, salt-filled foods. Once I do a paste, everyone out tired all day, hungry cannot swallow. The landlord is a Manchu woman, extremely shy, rarely go out on weekdays, only visit us in through the Windows, something of its seven or eight years old little girl to call. She sees what we don't do pasta, laugh, share Zheng Mo would personally come out and teach us. Shandong old men waiting, there is water, and are willing to help, he said, ' I don't want your money, my bun and eat with you. ', And moved their own Cookware, cooking for us every day, we ate steamed bread, and pickles. We only coat the eight piece, take turns to wear when going out ... ... After the winter, daylight toward the beach of Peking University first hospital library reading room of refuge from the cold, night then returned to put around to discuss it. At that time life was very hard, I get exercise, don't they, anti-Le ... ... Jean landsman lives is maintained until December 1919. At this time, Xiao Zisheng going to France, and run back to Hunan to Shanghai, I also participate in university students and other academic activities where appropriate combine elsewhere. ”
5
Steps: "I am not frustrated"
A "Northern drift" person, snubs are inevitable.
On one occasion, Hu Shih in the Beijing University Library lecture, Mao Zedong's Hunan speaking in a strong accent can learn from him. Hu asked the guy next to you: "the question is which one? "When we learned that after is not listed as a clerk, refused to answer questions.
"My position was so low, so that people wouldn't want to associate with me. Hall of one of my jobs is to register to read the names, but such people, more than half do not take me seriously. In the midst of this many people, I know some famous leaders of the new culture movement, are people I admire very much. I would love to talk to them about matters of politics and culture, but they are very busy people and don't have time to listen to a library of the southern accent said Sukemasa. ”
After being rebuffed, give up or self rising?
"An eye for an eye" was meant to reacquaint yourself?
Mao Ze-Dong's attitude was: "I am not frustrated" because he treasured the cultural atmosphere in Beijing. Newspapers reading room upstairs is the headmaster of CAI Yuan-pei's Office, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, who came and went here to borrow books and newspapers. Moonlight first, Mao Zedong had the opportunity to consult with them, and although there is under a cloud. In addition, he "continues to participate in the Institute of philosophy and journalism seminars, would like to take this course in college. ”
Living with the North was near, he often walked to lectures of Peking University, also participated in the two student associations. A journalism seminar at which was founded in October 1918, Shao Piaoping sponsoring organizations and guest speakers, President of the jingbao newspaper-related business knowledge. Another was established in January 1919, the philosophical research society, composed of Yang Changji, Liang Shuming and Hu Shi 's, Chen Gongbo, who initiated the Organization, its purpose is "to study various philosophies, Yu-Kai new knowledge".
Mao Zedong once recalled: "I've seen within the Park and the National Palace Museum the Palace site of Northland in early spring, when ice covered the North Sea, I saw Plum in full bloom. "This is not just" shots ", but also" lyricism ": the season in winter, the heart being snubbed" Northern drift "man Mao Zedong saw the spring wrapped in ice and snow. This was a form of self-confidence, but also an attitude of self adjustment.
Mao's humble attitude and their own strength, so that people had to be "cool" then "hot". Says Hu, next year, he and Mao Zedong became "best friends". Such a transformation between two people: "Since Mao Zedong's advice with an open mind, through a series of questions, contact, the situation gradually changed. "Later, Mao returned to Hunan started the Xiang River review, after Hu in Beijing, not only wrote an article promoting and appreciation made by Mao Zedong in the Xiang River review dier、San、sihao of the popular Coalition," vision, talk is also very good and is indeed the most important writings ". In 1920, "Hu Shih and the construction conditions in Hunan province, Mao Zedong sent a discussion with great interest. ”
6
Footprints: the drum and Bell Tower
First met with Chen Duxiu
New culture movement Memorial Hall in Beijing now, the beach that year was one of the old school of Peking University. This building, built in 1918, "floor" is the Department of Peking University School for the year, the first layer for the library, second floor administrative offices, third floor classroom. When the beginning of the century changed to Memorial, recovery of Li Dazhao's Office that year, Mao Zedong's work in newspaper reading room.
In a sense, the future, Mao became the leader of the Communist Party of China, Chinese revolutionary leader, "most important step" in the newspapers in the reading room. Create two giants from the PRC in the future-"South-North-Li and Chen" in the upstairs. Newspapers reading room is to the left of Chen du-Xiu's Office, just to the right of Li Dazhao's Office. Chen, Li is a pioneer of the new culture movement, is also a leader in the movement and a central figure, was hailed as a "drum and Bell Tower of two giants", "according to the ancient and modern," "Sun Moon stars".
Here, Mao Zedong met for the first time has long admired Chen Duxiu. At that time, the feudal ideology of violent criticism of the new youth magazines with significant youth readership, and Mao Zedong was one. In March 1917, is a student at the Hunan Division of the study of Mao Zedong's sports article on the new youth. This article with its dripping style, logical composition won appreciated by Chen Duxiu, Chen will be released in full in the journal new youth. With this source, visit there would be no obstacle to Chen, modest and sincere attitude, and gave Chen a fine memory. Chan was praised and said, your article is well written, especially "covers moving heaven and Earth" this viewpoint creative.
From then on, worked closely with Chen, also met several times with two people in Shanghai in the future, also have a delegate Chen Mao in Hunan party, there was rising in the early founding of the internal status of Mao.
7
Sound: "interest in politics continues to grow"
Mao Zedong recounts his journey this time, said: "my political interest continues to increase, while my mind is becoming more competitive ... ... However, I'm still hesitant, in the ' find a way '. I have read several anarchist pamphlets, are affected. ”
However, Mao Zedong chose Marxism. Li Dazhao led him to move to Marxism's "first person". As his "boss", Li da-Zhao's remarks gave him the most direct impact. In November 1918, he heard of Li da-Zhao's Tiananmen Square to the triumph of the vulgar speech, study of Li Dazhao, such as the triumph of Bolshevism spreading Marxist papers. These experiences made him begin to understand specific Russian "revolution" and Marxism. In March 1949, in xibaipo recalled, he said: "30 years ago, I was rushing to search for salvaging the truth, eat a lot of bitterness. Well, met a good man in Beijing, that is comrade Li Dazhao. With his help, I became a Marxist ... ... Without his advice and guidance, I don't know where yet! ”
■链接
Youth Mao Zedong's assessment of Chen Duxiu
Our Chen Jun (solos), recognized him as a sphere of stars. Chen Jun said, clear-minded, everyone everyone as to its hopes up. In China today, it was very dangerous ... ... Danger in the intellectual emptiness of corruption to 12 per cent of the people of the country. China's 400 million people, almost sanwanwanjiuqianwan is a superstition. Superstitions about ghosts, superstitious images, destiny of superstition, superstition might. Personal didn't recognize, deny themselves, denied the truth. This is the result of scientific ideas are not developed. Chinese names for the Republican, but authoritarian, more and worse, a servant b, this is no sign of the democracy of the masses, do not know what democratic results. Chen Jun marked the opening of the weekday, is both. He said, we are so offended in the community, is simply for "saiyinsi/science" (Science) and "kemokelaxi" (democracy). Chen Jun is both of these things offend the community, community reported to arrest and imprison him ... ... Chen Jun was arrested and must not be at the expense of Chen Jun haomo, and is a memorial to keep big new ideas, made him even more glorious far. Governments must have the guts to Chen Jun to death. Is dead, and will not hurt Chen Junzhi Yin spirit high haomo. Chen Jun original said, out of the testing room, and into the prison. Out of prison, namely into the test room. Again, death is not afraid. Chen Jun can experiment to his words.
--Excerpted from the arrest of Chen du-Xiu's and rescue (original July 14, 1919, the Xiang River review newsletter, Hunan people's Publishing House of the Mao Ze-Dong's early presentation of the 2008 Edition)
(Edit: SN094)November 26, 2013 -Hunan huasheng online journal(湖南日报：青年毛泽东是实实在在“北漂”人|毛泽东|青年|北漂_新闻资讯
青年毛泽东之路 也是“北漂”人
本报记者 文热心
“北漂”，一个现代名词，也称北漂一族。是特指来自非北京地区、非北京户口(即非传统上的北京人)、在北京生活和工作的人们(包括外国人，外地人)。“北漂”人在来京初期都很少有固定的住所，搬来搬去的，给人漂浮不定的感觉，其自身也因诸多原因而不能对北京有更多的认同感，故此得名。
按以上概念来套第一次到北京的毛泽东，他是一个实实在在的“北漂”人。
足步：初尝“北漂”滋味
毛泽东回忆第一次到北京的原因时说：“是夏(1918年6月，毛泽东一师毕业)，我决定到北平——那时叫北京去。当时，许多湖南学生都计划到法国去工读……在出国以前，这些青年预备先在北平读法文。我帮助他们实现这个计划，在这一群留学生中，有许多是湖南(第一)师范学校的学生……我陪了几个湖南学生到北京去。”
作为新民学会会务主持者毛泽东，第一次到北京是为了组织湖南学生赴法勤工俭学。
“我是向朋友借钱去北平的，所以一到就得找事。那时，从前师范学校的伦理教员杨怀中(昌济)在北京大学做教授。我就去求他帮我找事。他将我介绍给北大图书馆长，这人就是李大钊……李大钊给我工作做，叫我做图书馆佐理员，薪俸是每月八块大洋。”
低收入——月薪八块大洋；低职务——图书馆佐理员，一天的工作是管理15种报纸；更有一个困苦，没有栖身之处，与现代“北漂”人没有什么两样。
足印：豆腐池胡同15号
借住在“板仓杨寓”
北京鼓楼豆腐池胡同15号(现为9号)，现在挂上区级重点文物保护单位的牌匾。这是一座两进院落的小型民居建筑，形式是北京最普通的硬山合瓦顶，上面挂有“板仓杨寓”，大院门口也镶嵌的“毛泽东故居”的牌匾。
现在，这座宅院当年的格局依然存在，但昔日那轩敞幽深和书香四溢的景象，已被拥挤不堪、凌乱无章和柴米油盐混合味和盆瓢锅碗交响曲所取代了。
这里就是当年杨昌济的家，也是初入北京的毛泽东借住之处。当时，后院为杨昌济家眷住处，前院是杨本人与女儿杨开慧的起居之处。初入北京的毛泽东与蔡和森，就借住在前院南边一间客房里。
不久，毛泽东、蔡和森出于与其他来京新民会会员联系的方便，经杨昌济的帮助，另觅了新的住处。虽搬离了，但毛泽东等在节假日里仍常到这里聚会，或聆听杨先生讲授哲学和伦理学，或一同议论国是。
足印：吉安所东夹道7号
租住在“一间小屋子”
毛泽东他们的“新居”——沙滩北大红楼附近的三眼井里的吉安所东夹道7号，现为景山东街吉安所左巷8号。这里有北房3间、东西耳房各1间、东房2间。吉安所又称吉祥所，是清代宫内太监死后停灵出殡的场所。可见这里当年并不怎么高贵，房子也就好不到哪里去。
毛泽东他们租住的是3间北房中的一间，使用面积不足10平方米，是名副其实的“一间屋子半间炕”的小房。房间里的设备陈旧简陋：一个土炕紧贴南墙，炕上铺一条破旧炕席，存放书和衣物的网篮，只能叠放在墙旮旯里。为小油灯的弱光照遍房间，只能把它挂在墙角上。
毛泽东、蔡和森、萧子升、陈昆甫、罗章龙等8人就住在这间小房子里。毛泽东后来回忆这一幕时说：“我们大家都睡到炕上的时候，挤得几乎透不过气来。每逢我要翻身，得先同两旁的人打招呼。”
足步：馍馍咸菜过日子
住得狭窄，吃得更是糟糕。
据罗章龙回忆：“初始，大家在外吃饭，食费昂贵且不习惯，于是商议自行炊爨，各事所宜，无分劳逸，体弱及事得亦伴食无碍。尝因缺乏炊釜，乃以搪瓷面盆做锅。北京米贵难卖，经常以炒面调成糊，加葱花、盐末充食。一次子升做了一面盆浆糊，大家外出劳累了一天，虽饿亦无法下咽。房东是一满族少妇，人极腼腆，平日很少出门，只从窗户里探望我们，有事则让其七八岁的小女儿来通话。她见我们不会做面食，觉得好笑，便亲自出来教我们发面蒸馍。还有送水的山东人老候，也愿意帮忙，他说：‘我不要你们的工钱，我做好馍和你们一起吃就可以了。’并将自己的炊具也搬来，每天为我们做饭，和我们一起吃馍馍、咸菜。我们八人只有外衣一件，出门时轮流着穿……入冬以后，昼则往沙滩北京大学第一院图书馆阅览室避寒，夜则返寓围炉共话。那时生活很苦，大家从中得到锻炼，不以为苦，反以为乐……吉安所同人生活一直维持到1919年一二月间。这时，萧子升赴法，润之回湘去沪，我亦因参加北大学生会工作和其他学术团体活动而改寓他处。”
足步：“我并不因此而丧气”
一个“北漂”人，受冷遇是免不了的。
有一次，胡适在北大图书馆演讲，毛泽东操着浓重的湖南口音向他请教。胡适问旁边的人：“提问的是哪一个？”当得知是一个不在册的小职员后，竟拒绝回答问题。
“我的职位如此之低，以致人们都不屑和我来往。我的工作之一就是登记来馆读报的人名，不过这般人大半都不把我放在眼里。在这许多人名之中，我认得有几个是新文化运动著名的领袖，是我十分景仰的人。我很想和他们讨论关于政治和文化的事情，不过他们都是极忙的人，没有时间来倾听一个南边口音的图书馆佐理员所讲的话。”
受冷遇后，自暴自弃还是自我奋起？
“以眼还眼”还是让人重新认识自己？
毛泽东的态度是：“我并不因此而丧气”，因为他很珍惜北京的文化氛围。报纸阅览室的楼上是校长蔡元培办公室，胡适、鲁迅等人在这里来来往往借阅书籍和报纸。近水楼台先得月，毛泽东有机会向他们请教，尽管还要受到冷遇。除此之外，他“仍然参加哲学研究会和新闻学研究会，想藉此能听大学里的课程。”
所栖身的地方与北大很近，他经常步行到北大听讲座，还参加了两个学生社团。一个是1918年10月成立的新闻学研究会，由京报社长邵飘萍发起组织并主讲有关办报的业务知识。另一个是1919年1月成立的哲学研究会，由杨昌济、梁漱溟、胡适、陈公博等人发起组织，它的宗旨是“研究东西诸家哲学，渝启新知”。
毛泽东曾回忆说：“在公园和故宫的宫址我看到了北国的早春，在坚冰还盖着北海的时候，我看到了怒放的梅花。”这不仅是“写景”，也是“抒情”：季处严寒，心遭冷遇的“北漂”人毛泽东却看到了冰雪中包裹的春天。这是一种人生的自信，也是一种自我心态的调整。
毛泽东的谦虚态度和自身实力，让人们不得不由“冷”转“热”。就说胡适吧，第二年就和毛泽东成了“至交”。有人如此表述两人关系的转变：“由于毛泽东虚心请教，经过多次提问、接触，情况逐步变化了。”后来毛泽东回到湖南创办《湘江评论》，在北京的胡适看过后，不仅撰文推介，而且赞赏毛泽东在《湘江评论》第二、三、四号发表的《民众大联合》，“眼光远大，议论也很痛快，确是现今最重要的文字”。1920年，“胡适并对毛泽东呈送的《湖南建设问题条件商榷》很感兴趣。”
足印：北大红楼
第一次会见陈独秀
现在沙滩的北京新文化运动纪念馆，当年曾是北京大学老校舍之一。这栋1918年建起的“工字楼”是北大当年的校部，第一层为图书馆，第二层为行政办公室， 第三、四层为教室。本世纪初改为纪念馆时，复原了当年李大钊办公室、毛泽东工作过的报纸阅览室等。
从某种意义上说，日后，毛泽东成为中国共产党的领袖，成为中国革命的领袖，迈出“最要紧的一步”就在这间报纸阅览室里。因为日后创建中共的两个巨头——“南陈北李”就在这座楼上。报纸阅览室往左是陈独秀的办公室，往右就是李大钊的办公室。陈、李都是新文化运动的先锋，也是五四运动的领军和核心人物，被人誉为“北大红楼两巨人”，“照古今”的“日月双星”。
在这里，毛泽东第一次见到了仰慕已久的陈独秀。当时，猛烈批判封建意识形态的《新青年》杂志拥有大批青年读者，毛泽东就是其中一员。1917年3月，正就读于湖南一师的毛泽东将《体育之研究》一文投向《新青年》。这篇文章以其畅快淋漓的文风、逻辑严密的章法博得了陈独秀的赞赏，陈将全文发表在《新青年》杂志上。有了这种渊源，毛拜访陈也就没有障碍了，而毛的谦虚诚恳态度，又给陈留下了美好的记忆。陈当时就夸奖说，你那文章写得好，特别是“盖天地惟动而已”这观点有创见。
从此，毛与陈来往密切，也就有了日后两人在上海的多次见面，也就有了陈委托毛在湖南建党，也就有了毛于建党初期在内部地位的不断上升。
足音：“对政治的兴趣继续增大”
毛泽东回忆自己这一时段的心路历程时说：“我对于政治的兴趣继续增高，同时我的头脑愈来愈激烈……不过，当时我还在彷徨，还在‘找出路’。我读了几本无政府主义的小册子，很受影响。”
但是，毛泽东最终选择了马克思主义。李大钊是引导他走向马克思主义的“第一人”。作为他的“顶头上司”，李大钊的言论给他以最直接的影响。1918年11月，他到天安门广场亲耳听了李大钊《庶民的胜利》的演说，也研学过李大钊《布尔什维主义的胜利》等传播马克思主义的论文。这些经历使他开始具体地了解俄国“十月革命”和马克思主义。正如1949年3月，他在西柏坡回忆时所说的：“30年前我为寻求救国救民真理而奔波，吃了不少苦头。还不错，在北京遇到了一个好人，就是李大钊同志。在他的帮助下，我才成为一个马克思主义者……没有他的指点和指导，我今天还不知在哪里呢！”
青年毛泽东评价陈独秀
我们对于陈君(独秀)，认他为思想界的明星。陈君所说的，头脑稍为清楚的听得，莫不人人各如其意中所欲出。现在的中国，可谓危险极了……危险在全国人民思想界空虚腐败到十二分。中国的四万万人，差不多有三万万九千万是迷信家。迷信鬼神，迷信物象，迷信运命，迷信强权。全然不认有个人，不认有自己，不认有真理。这是科学思想不发达的结果。中国名为共和，实则专制，愈弄愈糟，甲仆乙代，这是群众心里没有民主的影子，不晓民主究竟是甚么的结果。陈君平日所标揭的，就是这两样。他曾说，我们所以得罪于社会，无非是为着“赛因斯”(科学)和“克莫克拉西”(民主)。陈君为这两件东西得罪了社会，社会居然就把逮捕和禁锢报给他……陈君之被捕，决不能损及陈君的毫末，并且是留着大大的一个纪念于新思潮，使他越发光辉远大。政府决没有胆子将陈君处死。就是死了，也不能损及陈君至贤至高精神的毫末。陈君原自说过，出试验室，即入监狱。出监狱，即入试验室。又说，死是不怕的。陈君可以实验其言了。
——摘自《陈独秀之被捕及营救》(原载1919年7月14日《湘江评论》创刊号，湖南人民出版社《毛泽东早期文稿》2008年版)
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