Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/26 9:06:12 The NDRC decentralization reforms： railway price regulation mechanism
"The final pricing mechanism by NDRC, Ministry of communications, total iron, determine the possibility is not, the overall trend is the pricing power to slowly transfer from the NDRC. ”
Reporter Sun Chunfang, reporting from Beijing
China Railways has implemented price regulation mechanism for years will face a major adjustment.
Sources, 18, has made it clear the third plenary session of the national development and Reform Commission decentralization reforms, "railways, railway rates management and planning function permissions are delegated, once started, the railway price regulation mechanism is adjusted".
He said, past the Ministry of railways (China Railway Corporation) reported to railway passenger and freight transport price adjustment proposals of the national development and Reform Commission approved model will no longer exist, but up to now, has not been clear which sectors will eventually take over railway rates management, and Ministry of communications, the national railway company and the China Railway Corporation intends to take over.
Another source told 21st century close to the iron General Economics reporter, railway price change should be two steps away, is the total base price for the pricing standards, cargo shift from cost accounting to road prices, passengers are priced according to the speed and quality of service. Freight prices change with the highways than on, and in public
On road freight, and NDRC price Department of the Ministry of transport has mastered some of the data.
"The final pricing mechanism by NDRC, Ministry of transport, iron always set the first of three possibilities are there, the overall trend is the pricing power to slowly transfer from the NDRC. "The official said.
At the end of August this year, released by the State Council on the reform of railway investment and financing system of accelerates railway construction (hereinafter, 33rd), raised to improve the railway transport price formation mechanisms, and straighten out the relationship between railway price.
The pricing battle
Preceding sources said close to total iron, 33rd, had identified several aspects of railway reform in the future, which provides tariff reform was spearheaded by the national development and Reform Commission Organization, total iron when in a passive tie position. 18 after the third plenary session, the overall tone of reform is decentralization
And let the market play a decisive role in the socio-economic operation.
And Director of Xu shaoshi explaining the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made it clear that while, NDRC's future "to improve mainly decided by the market pricing mechanism, the next step will further narrow the scope of Government pricing, price reduction projects, freeing competitive part prices, limit the pricing of goods and services of the Government in important public utilities, public service, network of natural monopoly areas".
The sources said railway's tariff are not monolithic and some by the markets decide, some public good, Government pricing is needed. Reform of railway rates trend is gradually expanding the scope of market pricing, public and Government pricing scope merely qualifies the natural monopoly network link.
Current railway freight transport and passenger transport pricing mechanisms are: MOR or iron and first according to the actual capacity requirement statistics, a pricing plan declared to the national development and Reform Commission, the Commission on the basis of adjustments, then as the price standard uniform enforcement throughout the national rail network.
Beijing Jiaotong University administered by College Professor Zhao said, besides, some non-country iron of extension railway, and enterprise use railway, and joint venture railway and new of high-speed rail, has must of autonomous pricing right, but is not completely autonomous, such as new high-speed rail of pricing, high-speed rail company and railway sector can according to construction cost, factors to NDRC declared freight, NDRC approved zhihou introduced, but high-speed rail company cannot free changes this a price, "NDRC is limited high unlimited low, that high iron company to discount reduced fare, NDRC regardless of, But price increases, not approved by the national development and Reform Commission does not work ".
Current railway departments a uniform pricing auction drawbacks are obvious. One wide iron company of railway workers said, country, not industry different regional of situation vary widely, introduced unified freight, some railway company cost low volume big, is earned of, some Council games cargo passenger cost high, volume small, instead is lost of, now railway has introduced Enterprise separated, but Railway Corporation, and subordinates of railway company, and most following of station paragraph cannot obtained freight of autonomy, this and Enterprise separated, and better to played enterprise of autonomous sexual of intended not match.
Zhao said that rail freight monopoly of the national development and Reform Commission is based on railway transport of large amounts of food, raw materials and basic materials bearing on people's livelihood, if the price changes, will affect the entire national economy, rail passenger service to most nationals, have certain public welfare and, therefore, prices can't just let go.
33rd on the railway tariff reform made by the State argument is: adhere to market-oriented reforms programmes, in accordance with the principles of the relationship between rail and road at a reasonable price to develop rail freight price, and strive to freight rate levels put in place in two or three years, and the establishment of railway freight transport price mechanism for dynamic adjustment of Highway freight price changes each year, continues to improve rail freight transport could be considered next year uniform prices. Passenger trains operate at the core, embody imposed service quality fare system. Future rail will gradually relax price controls, the price of railway passenger and freight transport from Government pricing to government guidance prices, allowing railway transport enterprises within the specified range, according to the market supply and demand and competition in the discretion to determine the price.
Based on the benchmark price, how to make pricing of the railway enterprises having more autonomy, which involves further deepening the reform of railway, and the integration between the railway and rail always further splits are closely related.
Ministry of communications, the national railway company took over planning permission
In respect of rail planning, railway restructuring programme that was introduced during the two sessions this year, planning permission by the Ministry of transport and State Railways tubes.
Sources say, in fact, the original railway planning in the Ministry of railways to develop, the Commission approved, of course, at the formulation stage, the Commission is actually involved. According to most of the system reform programme during the NPC, the railway plan involves the construction of a comprehensive transportation system, Department of transportation, route planning, from iron tubes.
After the third plenary session within the railway system is more popular theory is that the route planning of future large, involving State taxes may also be headed by departmental management, but small lines, use intercity railway lines, railway, a joint venture enterprise, planning and decentralization of approval authority will be under "who invest, who is responsible for" policy.
(Edit: SN091)November 26, 2013 21st century business Herald(发改委放权改革：铁路价格管理机制将变|铁路|发改委|价格_新闻资讯
“最终定价机制由发改委、交通部、铁总一起确定的可能性不是没有，总体的趋势是定价权要从发改委手里慢慢让渡出来。”
本报记者 孙春芳 北京报道
中国铁路已经施行多年的价格管理机制将面临重大调整。
消息人士透露，十八届三中全会已经明确国家发改委的放权改革，“铁路领域，铁路的价格管理权限和规划职能权限都将下放，一旦启动，铁路的价格管理机制也将随即调整”。
他说，过去铁道部(中国铁路总公司)上报铁路客货运价格调整建议后国家发改委审批的模式将不复存在，但截至目前，尚未明确哪个部门将最终接手铁路的价格管理权，而目前的交通部、国家铁路局和中国铁路总公司都有意向接管。
另一接近铁总的消息人士告诉21世纪经济报道记者，铁路价改，应该是两步走，一是整体的基准价格的定价标准改变，货运由原先的成本核算向跟公路的比价转变，客运则是根据运行速度和服务质量来定价。货运价改由于是跟公路价比对，而在公
路运价上，交通运输部和发改委价格司都掌握了部分数据。
“最终定价机制由发改委、交通运输部、铁总三头一起确定的可能性不是没有，总体的趋势是定价权要从发改委手里慢慢让渡出来。”上述人士说。
今年8月末，国务院发布《关于改革铁路投融资体制加快推进铁路建设的意见》(下称国发33号文)，提出要完善铁路运价形成机制，理顺铁路价格关系。
定价权之争
前述接近铁总的消息人士说，国发33号文当时确定了未来铁路改革的几个方面，其中运价体制改革当时规定是由发改委牵头组织，铁总彼时处于被动配合位置。但是十八届三中全会之后，总体的改革基调是放权
和让市场在社会经济运行中发挥决定性的作用。
发改委主任徐绍史在阐述《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》时曾明确表示，发改委未来“要完善主要由市场决定价格的机制，下一步将进一步缩小政府定价范围，减少政府定价项目，放开竞争性环节价格，将政府定价的商品和服务限定在重要公用事业、公益性服务、网络型自然垄断环节”。
消息人士称，铁路的运价并不是铁板一块，有些由市场自主决定，有些公益性较强，需要政府定价。铁路价格改革的总体趋势是让市场定价的范围逐步扩大，把政府定价的范围只限定在公益性和网络型自然垄断环节。
目前铁路货运和客运的定价机制是：铁道部或铁总先根据实际的运力和需求统计情况，向发改委申报一个定价方案，发改委在此基础上进行调整，然后作为整个国家铁路网内的价格标准统一实施。
北京交通大学经管学院教授赵坚称，除此之外，有些非国铁的支线铁路、企业自用铁路、合资铁路和新建的高铁，有一定的自主定价权，但并非完全自主，例如新建高铁的定价，高铁公司和铁路部门可以根据建设成本等因素向发改委申报运价，发改委批准之后实行，但高铁公司无法随意改动这一价格，“发改委是限高不限低，即高铁公司要打折降低票价，发改委不管，但要提价，不经发改委批准是不行的”。
目前铁路部门一刀切的定价体制弊端显而易见。一位广铁公司的铁路职工称，全国各地，不同行业不同区域的情况千差万别，实行统一运价，有些铁路局成本低运量大，是赚的，有些局运货载客成本高，运量小，反而是赔的，现在铁路已经实行政企分开，但铁路总公司、下属的铁路局、最下面的站段无法获得运价的自主权，这与政企分开、更好地发挥企业的自主性的初衷不相符。
赵坚说，铁路运价发改委垄断的依据是铁路运输的大量粮食、原材料和基础物资关系到国计民生，一旦价格发生变动，会影响到整个国民经济，而铁路的客运影响到大多数的国民，具有一定的公益性，因此价格不能随意放开。
国发33号文在铁路运价改革上的说法是：坚持市场化改革方案，按照铁路与公路保持合理比价关系的原则制定国铁货运价格，力争用两至三年时间将运价水平理顺到位，并建立铁路货运价格每年随公路货运价格变化动态调整的机制，明年可考虑继续适当提高国铁货运统一价格。客运实行以列车运行速度为核心、体现服务质量差异的票价体系。未来铁路将逐步放松运价管制，将铁路客货运价格由政府定价改为政府指导价，允许铁路运输企业在规定范围内，根据市场供求和竞争情况自主确定价格。
在基准价格基础之上，如何让铁路企业拥有更多的定价自主权，这涉及到铁路改革的进一步深化，也与未来铁路路局之间的整合和铁总进一步拆分紧密相关。
交通部、国家铁路局接手规划权
在铁路规划方面，今年两会期间出台的铁路机构改革方案提出，规划权将由交通运输部和国家铁路局管。
消息人士称，实际上，原来的铁路规划时铁道部制定，发改委批准，当然在制定阶段，发改委实际是介入的。按照两会期间的大部制改革方案，铁路规划涉及到综合交通运输体系建设的，会由交通运输部管，具体的线路规划，则由国铁局管。
三中全会后铁路系统内部比较流行的说法是，未来大的、涉及到国家名目的线路规划可能还会是由主管部门管，但小线路、合资铁路、企业自用线、城际铁路，规划和审批权都将下放，实行“谁投资、谁负责”的政策。
赞