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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/26 9:08:12 “The moon lady， third“ in early December launch， Rovers named Jade Rabbit
On November 26, Department of national defense science and technology industry convene lunar phase II Tower ", third" Mission Press Conference on "Chang-third" task-related situations. Introduction Ng Chee-kin, and take up the "Moon" task of "Chang-third" has completed the development and testing, launch vehicles and probes have been transferred to the launch site in Xichang satellite launch Center. If the meteorological conditions, will launch in early December this year snagged. Photo by Xinhua reporter Zhu Peng
Xinhuanet, Beijing, November 26 (reporter)-26th, national defense science and technology industry Council in lunar phase II Tower ", third" Mission Press Conference on "Chang-third" task-related situations. Defense Science and Industry Council spokesman introduction Ng Chee-kin, if the meteorological conditions and take up the "Moon" play Tower ", third", will be launched in early December this year snagged.
Benjamin l. Liebman is Vice Director of lunar exploration program announced at the press conference today, China's first Lunar Rover – Tower ", third" inspection levy on conclusion of the event worldwide, Rover named "rabbit".
"The moon lady, third" has entered the Xichang satellite launch Center
Defense Science and Industry Council Ng Chee-kin, spokesman at the press conference introducing the Chinese lunar exploration program on the situation. He said carry "Moon" task of "Chang-third" has completed the development and testing, launch vehicles and probes have been transferred to the launch site in Xichang satellite launch Center. If the meteorological conditions, will launch in early December this year snagged.
Ng Chee-kin, said that the lunar exploration program is the major national science and technology projects. Implementation of the lunar exploration program, is the second after the artificial Earth satellites, manned space, our peaceful exploration, development and use of space is a significant space activities.
It is understood that China's lunar exploration program planned for "around, down, back three-period". Lunar phase of the task was implemented around the Moon probing. "The moon lady, first" satellite was launched on October 24, 2007, effective detection 16 months on orbit, successfully controlled crash months in March 2009, China's independently developed satellite into lunar orbit and get one-month figure.
Introduction Ng Chee-kin, lunar phase II's mission is to achieve a lunar soft landing and automatic inspection surveys, including Tower "second", "Chang, third", "Chang-fourth" 3 missions. Led Star Tower ", second" was launched on October 1, 2010, access to the world's first 7-metre-resolution-month figure, while Tower ", third" task to verify some of the key technologies, and the pre-selection of the region were focusing on probing the fall months. In achieving the set objectives and scientific exploration task has been completed, Granges 2 surrounding detection, and 7 million kilometers from Earth to achieve the tutadisi asteroids flying over the Securities and Exchange Commission probe. At present, "Chang-second" satellite flew had exceeded 60 million km from the Earth, are farther towards deep space. "The moon lady, fourth" mandate "to Chang-third" backups. Lunar phase III tasks is to achieve unmanned sample return.
？ Users submit 200,000 names, 650,000 Internet users "rabbit," voting
The launch event, Deputy Commander of the lunar exploration program announced Li Benzheng, China's first Lunar Rover – Tower ", third" inspection levy on conclusion of the event worldwide, Rover named "rabbit". 10 days received a total of valid votes 3,445,248, where "rabbit", 649,956, votes first.
Li Benzheng, "said Chang-third" names for activities affecting the mind of Chinese people around the world. Since the beginning of September 25 names for the active press conference October 25 names submitted by, www 146,898 receipt of works; 46,189 website to receive work. Two websites as a whole received a total of 193,087 names for works and eliminate duplicate names, received a total of submitted names 53,091. These names are full of deep cultural connotation; full of rich Chinese Aerospace emotion; full of wonderful hope Chinese people around the world. Both sites focus on names for events, browse the Web, send tweets and comments, totals more than 25.8 million passengers.
Works not only through the Web page to submit names for the general public, there are a lot of people by letter, telephone, fax and Email form, names for Lunar Rover activities actively contributing their wisdom. Among them, students, pensioners, workers, farmers, scientists, and the PLA, and ethnic Chinese living abroad.
Said Li Benzheng, recruited 53,091 names, organized a jury made up of scientific experts and cultural experts, respectively, were admitted to the preliminary assessment, online polling and final review. Through selected reviews, elected the 10 shortlisted names, submit a website for online voting comment; 10 days received a total of valid votes 3,445,248, where "rabbit", 649,956, votes first. After a final review, the judges vote and the results of the public vote, weighted, and finally approved by the Moon exploration engineering major projects leading group, China's first moon car named "rabbit".
Li Benzheng, "says Moon," not only embodies the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and reflects the tenets of China's peaceful use of space. Legend has it that when "the moon lady" arms of moon Moon, Moon goodness, purity, and agile structure of the image with the Rovers, both the shape and likeness.
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Following the successful implementation of Chang ' e first, Chang after the second mission, will be held in early December this year, launch at the Xichang satellite launching base Chang, third detector and quasi-Chang, third global names for Lunar Rover activities. On September 25, the goddess activities third global names for Lunar Rover press conference held in Beijing. Rover model oriented for the launch event. Xinhua Jonathon Yao
"The moon lady, third" three major engineering goals and three types of missions
Introduction Ng Chee-kin, "Chang-third" tasks as lunar phase II tasks, target the three major projects will be completed and three types of scientific exploration tasks.
Three big engineering target including: a is breakthrough months surface landing, and months surface visits survey, and deep empty measurement and control communications and away operation, and deep empty detection rocket launches, key technology, upgrade aerospace technology; II is development months surface landing detector and visits detector, established ground deep empty station, obtained including rocket, and moon detector, and launch site, and deep empty measurement and control station, and ground application, zainei of features module, has months surface landing detection of basic capacity; three is established Moon detection aerospace engineering basic system, A major scientific and effective engineering approach of project implementation.
Three types of scientific exploration tasks: one is the Moon's surface topography and geological structure survey; the second is the Moon's surface composition and the resources available to investigate three plasma-based optical detection and months astronomical observations of the Earth.
？ Rovers 80% technology and products to new global research and development
Li Benzheng Vice Director of lunar exploration program introduction, "Chang-third" is by far the most complex, the most difficult task in the field of Astronautics, faces seven major technical difficulties.
Said Li Benzheng, lunar exploration is a very complex and risky project, according to the statistics we have, so far, not including the tower ", third" conducted a total of 129 lunar exploration activities of the world, where the United States 59 times in 64 of the Soviet Union, Japan and China all 2 times, ESA, nuclear India 1. More successful or successful 66 times, falling 63 times, the success rate is only 51%.
"The moon lady, third" shouldering the task of my first soft landing on the Moon and moon patrol investigation of burden. At present, only United States, the Soviet Union successfully implemented 13 times without a soft landing on the surface of the Moon; only the United States achieved manned Soviet 2 months no one visiting mission had been carried out.
Tower "third" task needs to overcome key technical, technical difficulty, the implementation of high risk. In the course of the implementation of the project, faces seven major difficulties, including ground test, multiple Windows, the width of launch on time, Lunar soft landing, two separate, monthly tele-operated, the lunar surface survival, monitoring and communication. Only China's independently developed the first lunar probe Tower "third", for example, by Lander and visits (also called Rovers), with more than 80% of new technologies and products in the world.
China's lunar exploration program has made tremendous scientific achievements
According to reports, through the tower "first", "Chang-second" two tasks of China's lunar exploration program has yielded scientific results.
"The moon lady, first" task given a 120-meter-resolution Lunar imagery, three-dimension topographic map of the Moon, and access to a large number raw scientific data. For full uses these data, promoting Moon detection scientific research, established has "around months detection engineering science application Committee", mobilization including Hong Kong and Macao zainei of society research power for research research, prepared has my first site Moon Rainbow Bay regional of geological figure and constructed platform for figure, first obtained has day and night of full moon microwave image, made has Moon magma Ocean Crystal age for 3.92 billion years and moon Tokai basin tilt impact causes of new views. These results, further enriching the human understanding of the moon.
"Chang second," task obtained has 7 m resolution Moon three dimensional images, produced completed has is superior to 1.5 m resolution of Rainbow Bay regional images figure, in chenghai confrontation district found has months table remanence by caused of micro-magnetic layer of exists, further measurement has months surface chemical elements, preliminary on uranium, and potassium, and thorium, and magnesium, and aluminum, and silicon, and calcium, element for has analysis, in-depth research has full moon bright temperature temperature distribution and months soil features, completed has four science target. Development task, completed the solar-terrestrial space environment near Granges 2 detection, tutadisi for the first time at the international asteroids flying over the Securities and Exchange Commission probe.
"The moon lady, second" deep space exceeded 60 million km again "China"
Ng Chee-kin, at present, has become China's first man-made asteroids of the solar Tower ", second" exceeded 60 million km the distance between satellites and Earth, again "China". Satellites in good condition, continue farther deep space flight.
"The moon lady, second" is the leading star of the second phase of China's lunar exploration program, was launched on October 1, 2010, has been extended service 2 years. Since December 13, 2012 over the detection tutadisi asteroids, since the successful implementation and then expand test, "the moon lady, second" for China's spacecraft are farthest apart in a "space long March", and constantly refresh "Chinese": Star from January 5, 2013, over 10 million kilometres, February 28 km, April 11 km, May 24 km, July 14, exceeded 50 million kilometres, has surpassed 60 million kilometers. According to the Beijing Aerospace command and control center, the expected "the moon lady, second" farthest flight to about 300 million kilometers from Earth.
"The moon lady, second" created China Aerospace project implementation a number of "world first": the 7-meter-resolution stereoscopic images of the Moon for the first time, set off from the Moon's orbit for the first time flew to Japan to Granges L2 point for scientific exploration, tutadisi Asteroid Rendezvous probe at close range for the first time and a 10-meter resolution image of asteroid.
11月26日上午9时，国家国防科技工业局召开探月工程二期“嫦娥三号”任务新闻发布会，介绍“嫦娥三号”任务相关情况。吴志坚介绍，肩负“落月”重任的“嫦娥三号”已完成各项研制和试验，运载火箭和探测器已转入西昌卫星发射中心发射现场。如果气象等条件具备，将于今年12月上旬择机发射。新华网记者 朱鹏 摄
新华网北京11月26日电(记者 底东娜) 26日上午9时，国家国防科技工业局召开探月工程二期“嫦娥三号”任务新闻发布会，介绍“嫦娥三号”任务相关情况。国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚介绍，如果气象等条件具备，肩负“落月”重任的“嫦娥三号”，将于今年12月上旬择机发射。
探月工程副总指挥李本正在今天的发布会上宣布，我国首辆月球车——“嫦娥三号”巡视器全球征名活动结束，月球车命名为“玉兔号”。
“嫦娥三号”已进入西昌卫星发射中心
国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚在发布会上介绍了我国探月工程有关情况。他说，肩负“落月”重任的“嫦娥三号”已完成各项研制和试验，运载火箭和探测器已转入西昌卫星发射中心发射现场。如果气象等条件具备，将于今年12月上旬择机发射。
吴志坚说，探月工程是国家重大科技专项。实施探月工程，是继人造地球卫星、载人航天之后，我国和平探索、开发、利用空间的又一重大航天活动。
据了解，我国探月工程规划为“绕、落、回”三期。探月工程一期的任务是实现环绕月球探测。“嫦娥一号”卫星于2007年10月24日发射，在轨有效探测16个月，于2009年3月成功受控撞月，实现我国自主研制的卫星进入月球轨道并获得全月图。
吴志坚介绍，探月工程二期的任务是实现月面软着陆和自动巡视勘察，包括“嫦娥二号”、“嫦娥三号”、“嫦娥四号”3次任务。先导星“嫦娥二号”于2010年10月1日发射，获得了世界首幅7米分辨率全月图，同时为“嫦娥三号”任务验证了部分关键技术，并对预选的落月区域进行了重点探测。在实现既定工程目标和完成科学探测任务后，开展了日地拉格朗日2点环绕探测，并在距地球700万公里处实现了对图塔蒂斯小行星的飞越交会探测。目前，“嫦娥二号”卫星飞离地球已突破6000万公里，正奔向更远的深空。“嫦娥四号”任务是“嫦娥三号”的备份。探月工程三期的任务是实现无人采样返回。
？网友提交20万个名字，65万网友“玉兔号”投票
发布会现场，探月工程副总指挥李本正宣布，我国首辆月球车——“嫦娥三号”巡视器全球征名活动结束，月球车命名“玉兔号”。10天共收到有效投票3445248张，其中“玉兔号”，649956张，得票第一。
李本正说，“嫦娥三号”征名活动牵动了全球华人的心。自9月25日召开征名活动新闻发布会开始，至10月25日征名提交截止，腾讯网收到征名作品146898件；新华网收到征名作品46189件。两个网站合计，共收到征名作品193087件，除去重复名称外，共收到提交名称53091个。这些名称饱含着民族文化的深厚内涵；饱含着中国航天的丰富情感；饱含着全球华人的美好希望。两个网站关注征名活动、浏览网页、发微博和评论，合计约2580多万人次。
广大民众不仅通过网页提交征名作品，还有很多人通过书信、电话、传真和Email等方式，积极为月球车征名活动贡献自己的智慧。他们中，有在校学生，有退休老人，有工人，有农民，有科技工作者，有解放军指战员，还有旅居海外的华人。
李本正说，对征集的53091个名称，组织了由科技专家和文化专家组成的评委会，分别进行了入围初评、网上投票和终审评审。通过入围评审，选出了10个入围名称，提交新华网进行网上投票评议；10天共收到有效投票3445248张，其中“玉兔号”，649956张，得票第一。又经过终审评审，评委投票与公众投票的结果加权计算，最后经探月工程重大专项领导小组批准，我国第一辆月球车命名为“玉兔号”。
李本正说，“玉兔号”既体现了中华民族的传统文化，又反映了我国和平利用太空的宗旨。传说中，当年“嫦娥”怀抱玉兔奔月，玉兔善良、纯洁、敏捷的形象与月球车的构造、使命既形似又神似。
继成功实施嫦娥一号、嫦娥二号任务之后，我国将于今年12月初，在西昌卫星发射基地发射嫦娥三号探测器，并拟开展嫦娥三号月球车全球征名活动。9月25日，嫦娥三号月球车全球征名活动新闻发布会在北京举行。图为发布会现场摆放的月球车模型。新华网 陈竞超 摄
“嫦娥三号”的三大工程目标和三类探测任务
吴志坚介绍，“嫦娥三号”任务作为探月工程二期主任务，将完成三大工程目标和三类科学探测任务。
三大工程目标包括：一是突破月面软着陆、月面巡视勘察、深空测控通信与遥操作、深空探测运载火箭发射等关键技术，提升航天技术水平；二是研制月面软着陆探测器和巡视探测器，建立地面深空站，获得包括运载火箭、月球探测器、发射场、深空测控站、地面应用等在内的功能模块，具备月面软着陆探测的基本能力；三是建立月球探测航天工程基本体系，形成重大项目实施的科学有效的工程方法。
三类科学探测任务：一是月表形貌与地质构造调查；二是月表物质成分和可利用资源调查；三是地球等离子体层探测和月基光学天文观测。
？月球车80%技术和产品为全球新研发
探月工程副总指挥李本正介绍， “嫦娥三号”是我国航天领域迄今最复杂、难度最大的任务，面临七大技术难点。
李本正说，月球探测是一项非常复杂并具高风险的工程，据我们掌握的资料统计，截至目前，不包括“嫦娥三号”，世界上共进行了129次月球探测活动，其中，美国59次，苏联64次，日本和中国各2次，欧空局核印度各1次。以上共成功或基本成功66次，失败63次，成功率仅有51%。
“嫦娥三号”任务肩负着我国首次软着陆月球和月面巡视勘察的重担。目前，全球仅有美国、苏联成功实施了13次无人月球表面软着陆；只有美国实现了载人登月，苏联开展了2次月面无人巡视探测任务。
“嫦娥三号”任务需要攻克的关键技术多、技术难度大、实施风险高。在工程实施过程中，面临七大难点，包括地面试验验证，多窗口、宽窄度准时发射，月面软着陆，两器分离，月地间遥操作，月面生存，测控通信等。仅以我国自主研制的首个月球探测器“嫦娥三号”为例，由着陆器和巡视器（也叫月球车）组成，80%以上的技术和产品为全球新研发。
我国探月工程取得丰硕科学成果
据介绍，通过“嫦娥一号”、“嫦娥二号”两次任务，我国探月工程取得了丰硕的科学成果。
“嫦娥一号”任务获得了120米分辨率全月球影像图、三维月球地形图等成果，并获得了大量原始科学数据。为充分利用这些数据，推动月球探测科学研究，成立了“绕月探测工程科学应用委员会”，调动包括港澳在内的全社会科研力量进行科研攻关，编制了我国首幅月球虹湾区域的地质图和构造纲要图，首次获得了白天和黑夜的全月球微波图像，提出了月球岩浆洋结晶年龄为39.2亿年和月球东海盆地倾斜撞击成因的新观点。这些成果，进一步丰富了人类对月球的认知。
“嫦娥二号”任务获得了7米分辨率月球三维影像，制作完成了优于1.5米分辨率的虹湾区域影像图，在澄海对峙区发现了月表剩磁所引起的微磁层的存在，进一步测量了月面化学元素，初步对铀、钾、钍、镁、铝、硅、钙等元素进行了分析，深入研究了全月球亮温温度分布和月壤特征，完成了四大科学目标。在拓展任务中，完成了对日地拉格朗日2点附近的空间环境探测，在国际上首次实现对图塔蒂斯小行星的飞越交会探测。
“嫦娥二号”深空突破6000万公里 再次刷新“中国高度”
吴志坚介绍，目前，已成为我国首个人造太阳系小行星的“嫦娥二号”卫星与地球间距离突破6000万公里，再次刷新“中国高度”。卫星状态良好，继续向更远的深空飞行。
“嫦娥二号”是我国探月工程二期的先导星，2010年10月1日发射，已经超期服役2年多。自2012年12月13日飞越探测图塔蒂斯小行星、成功实施再拓展试验以来，“嫦娥二号”进行着中国航天器飞行距离最远的一次“太空长征”，不断刷新“中国高度”：星地距离2013年1月5日突破1000万公里，2月28日2000万公里，4月11日3000万公里，5月24日4000万公里，7月14日突破5000万公里，目前已突破6000万公里。据北京航天飞行控制中心计算，预计“嫦娥二号”最远将飞行到距地球约3亿公里处。
“嫦娥二号”工程的实施创造了中国航天领域多项“世界第一”：首次获得7米分辨率全月球立体影像，首次从月球轨道出发飞赴日地拉格朗日L2点进行科学探测，首次对图塔蒂斯小行星近距离交会探测并获得10米分辨率的小行星图像。
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