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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/27 9:14:26 Chang， third in early December launch， more than more than 200 plans for dealing with the landing environment
Chang, third in early December launch
Rover named "rabbit," China will become the third to master technology of the Moon exploration country in the world
Moon, Moon always be with you. Early next month, "the moon lady" – Chang, third with three girls, "the rabbit" Rover, on a China's unprecedented trip to the moon. Yesterday, the Defense Industry Bureau announced that carry "Moon" task of Chang e, third has completed the development and testing, launch vehicles and probes have been transferred to the launch site in Xichang satellite launch Center. If the meteorological conditions, will launch in early December this year snagged. China will therefore be following the United States and Russia after third master the technology of the Moon exploration country in the world, United States return Americans to the Moon after the Apollo program ended the world's first soft landing probes. Chang-third moon after global names, the car eventually named "rabbit".
Rabbit image with the Rovers alike
Deputy Commander Li Benzheng, announced yesterday that the lunar exploration program, China's first Lunar Rover vehicle – Chang visited third world suggesting names for the end, Lunar Rover named "rabbit".
Syndrome on September 25 to October 25 names submitted as received submit names over more than 53,000. Submit names include students, pensioners, workers, farmers, scientists, military personnel and overseas Chinese. By a judging panel of technology experts and cultural experts, separately nominated for preliminary assessment, online voting and final review. Online voting Council picked 10 finalists name. 10 day total valid votes with 3.445 million, which appears nearly 650,000 votes first. By the Court of final appeal judges, judges voting with the results of the public vote weighting, in the end, China's first moon car named "rabbit". Li Benzheng said: "there are many netizens for Lunar Rover named ' Qian xuesen ', reflecting the deep recall of the public on China's aerospace industry is based. ”
Li Benzheng said, "today," not only embodies the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and reflects the purpose of the peaceful uses of outer space. Legend has it that when "the moon lady" arms of moon Moon, Moon goodness, purity, and agile structure of the image with the Rovers, both the shape and likeness.
Rover is indeed a highly intelligent robots
Chang the third probe, consisting of Lander and visiting players, the lander carrying after visiting the players landed on the lunar surface, visiting players and the lander separated, on the Moon, and the Moon trips, collecting and analyzing samples of special-purpose vehicles, everyone called Rover. Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, China Aerospace Zhao Xiaojin, the Minister pointed out that strict sense, Rover is not a car, but one had wheels to be able to adapt to the harsh space environment, space science and exploration spacecraft, is a low-power, highly intelligent robots.
Supposedly, this "rabbit" after landing on the Moon, people likely found on the flag of the pattern.
More than more than 200 plans for dealing with the landing environment
Li Benzheng pointed out that Chang-third required breaking through ground test validation, multiple Windows, narrow width on-time launch, Lunar soft landing, two separate months in remote operation, lunar surface survival, seven key technologies such as monitoring and communication.
"Chang-third mission systems has a great deal of new technology and new product pipeline, which detector system 80% technology and products for the new Institute. Despite a large number of ground simulating experiments, but on the Moon, especially the landing zone, environmental awareness is not sufficient. "Li Benzheng says," for issues that may arise, we do more than more than 200 plans. ”
Deep space monitoring station to help break through
Said Li Benzheng, lunar exploration program was after the artificial Earth satellites, manned space, our peaceful exploration, development and use of space is a significant space activities.
Li Benzheng, visits the Rover on the lunar surface exploration is China's first practice of the spacecraft, Rover and Lander when fall arrives in the Moon, Lunar Rover from the lander descended too difficult. In order to implement these features and moon patrol investigation, China has established a set of deep space monitoring station, so our ability to measure and control comparable to the world's advanced level, not only have the measurement and control capabilities of the Moon, also for deep space exploration, including in future Mars exploration has laid a good foundation.
Authoritative response
"Never thought about race with who"
On October 5 this year, India launched the Mars Rover, it was commented that China and India are up for space supremacy. In this regard, the Deputy Commander Li Benzheng, said yesterday of the lunar exploration program, on behalf of the China's space peers India congratulated the launch Mars probe. India probes in Earth orbit, accelerating, and end in September next year to get to Mars. To loop a Mars orbit, the process is more difficult. If India can successfully achieve rings Mars, either to India or to the international Mars exploration-is a great achievement.
"China's space activities, who never wanted to race", said Li Benzheng, on April 24, 1970, China launched its first man-made satellite turned on China's space activities, always nodes according to their plan, in accordance with their technical and economic power step by step forward, now space powers, space activities have also been developed to deep space exploration. Moon exploration project ", down, back around" after three steps must make further deep space exploration.
Li Benzheng, the peaceful use of space is the tenet of our and consensus throughout the world, everybody is using the development and utilization of space resources, to human progress and social development to develop new resources.
■规划
Unmanned lunar exploration ", down, back around"
China's lunar exploration was divided into three phases, namely unmanned lunar exploration, manned lunar exploration and construction of the temporary presence of humans on the Moon the moon base. Unmanned lunar exploration under way, as the "winding, falls, go back to" three phases.
Lunar phase of the task was implemented around the Moon probing. Lunar phase II's mission is to achieve a lunar soft landing and automatic inspection surveys, including Chang, second, third, fourth, mission.
Chang-tasks is the backup of Chang e, third, fourth.
Lunar phase III tasks is to achieve unmanned sample return, completed before the scheduled time for the 2020.
■回顾
Chang first:
Monthly back data
Chang first mission won the 120-meter-resolution Lunar imagery, three-dimension topographic map of the Moon, and access to a large number raw scientific data. One-month figure was one of the world's most comprehensive, accurate highest single month figure, but Chang, second that the accuracy of the record.
China's use of such data has produced the first geological map of the Lunar Rainbow Bay site region and structure outline map, full moon day and night for the first time the microwave images, the crystallization of the Lunar magma Ocean age of 3.92 billion years and moon, East China Sea basin slope of crash causes new ideas. These results, further enriching the human understanding of the moon.
Chang the second:
Flight exceeded 60 million km
Chang second, task obtained has 7 m resolution Moon three dimensional images, produced completed has is superior to 1.5 m resolution of Rainbow Bay regional images figure, in chenghai confrontation district found has months table remanence by caused of micro-magnetic layer of exists, further measurement has months surface chemical elements, preliminary on uranium, and potassium, and thorium, and magnesium, and aluminum, and silicon, and calcium, element for has analysis, in-depth research has full moon bright temperature temperature distribution and months soil features, completed has four science target. Development task, tutadisi an asteroid for the first time in the international arena over the Securities and Exchange Commission probe.
Up to now, Chang e second satellite flight exceeded 60 million kilometers ... ... Expected July 2014 reached 100 million km to star.
This version of author's morning news reporter Hana
嫦娥三号12月上旬发射
月球车命名为“玉兔号” 中国将成世界上第三个掌握落月探测技术的国家
嫦娥奔月，玉兔相随。下月初，“嫦娥”家的三姑娘——嫦娥三号将带着“玉兔”月球车，踏上一段中国前所未有的月球之旅。昨天，国防科技工业局宣布，肩负“落月”重任的嫦娥三号已完成各项研制和试验，运载火箭和探测器已转入西昌卫星发射中心发射现场。如果气象等条件具备，将于今年12月上旬择机发射。中国将因此成为继美俄之后世界上第三个掌握落月探测技术的国家，也是美国阿波罗计划结束后世界上重返月球的第一个软着陆探测器。嫦娥三号月球车经全球征名后最终命名为“玉兔号”。
玉兔形象与月球车神似
探月工程副总指挥李本正昨天宣布，我国首辆月球车——嫦娥三号巡视器全球征名活动结束，月球车命名“玉兔号”。
自9月25日征名至10月25日征名提交截止，共收到提交名称5.3万余个。提交征名者包括在校学生、退休老人、工人、农民、科技工作者、军人及旅居海外华人。由科技专家和文化专家组成的评委会，分别进行了入围初评、网上投票和终审评审。选出了10个入围名称进行网上投票评议。10天共收到有效投票344.5万张，其中玉兔号近65万张，得票第一。又经终审评审，评委投票与公众投票的结果加权计算，最终，我国第一辆月球车命名为“玉兔号”。李本正说：“也有不少网友为月球车命名‘钱学森’号，体现了公众对我国航天事业奠基者的深切缅怀。”
李本正说，“玉兔号”既体现了中华民族的传统文化，又反映了我国和平利用太空的宗旨。传说中，当年“嫦娥”怀抱玉兔奔月，玉兔善良、纯洁、敏捷的形象与月球车的构造、使命既形似又神似。
月球车实为高智能机器人
嫦娥三号探测器由着陆器和巡视器组成，着陆器搭载着巡视器降落在月球表面后，巡视器和着陆器分离，成为在月球上行驶并对月球考察、收集和分析样品的专用车辆，大家都称之为月球车。中国航天科技集团宇航部部长赵小津指出，严格意义上说，月球车并不是一辆车，而是一个长着轮子能够适应恶劣空间环境，并开展空间科学探测的航天器，是一个低功耗、高智能的机器人。
据猜测，在这只“玉兔”登上月球后，人们很有可能在其身上找到国旗的图案。
200余预案应对着陆环境
李本正指出，嫦娥三号需突破地面试验验证，多窗口、窄宽度准时发射，月面软着陆，两器分离，月地间遥控操作，月面生存，测控通信等七大关键技术。
“嫦娥三号任务各个系统均有大量新技术和新研产品，其中探测器系统80%以上技术和产品为新研。尽管进行了大量地面模拟实验验证，但是对月球，尤其是着陆区的环境认识还不充分。”李本正说，“针对可能出现的问题，我们做了200多个预案。”
深空测控站帮助闯难关
李本正说，探月工程是继人造地球卫星、载人航天之后，我国和平探索、开发、利用空间的又一重大航天活动。
李本正表示，月球车在月面上进行巡视探测是我国航天器的第一次实践，月球车和着陆器落抵月球时，月球车从着陆器上走下来也是比较难的过程。为了实现这些功能和落月巡视勘察，我国已建立了一套深空测控站，使我国的测控能力跟世界先进水平相差无几，不但具备了对月球测控能力，也为以后深空探测包括火星探测奠定了好基础。
■权威回应
“从来没想跟谁搞竞赛”
今年10月5日，印度发射了火星探测器，有人评论说中印在搞太空争霸。对此，探月工程副总指挥李本正昨天表示，代表中国的航天同行对印度发射火星探测器表示祝贺。印度探测器还要在地球轨道上加速，最终在明年9月份到达火星。要环火星轨道，这个过程比较难。如果印度能够圆满实现环火星探测，无论是对印度还是对国际火星探测都是一个很大的成就。
“中国航天的活动，从来没有想跟谁搞竞赛”，李本正说，中国从1970年4月24日发射第一颗人造地球卫星开启了中国航天活动，始终是按照自己的计划节点、按照自己的技术和经济实力一步一步往前走，走到现在已成为航天大国，航天活动也发展到了深空探测。探月工程“绕、落、回”三步走以后，必然要进行进一步的深空探测。
李本正表示，和平利用太空是我国的宗旨，也是世界各国的共识，大家都是要利用开发和利用太空资源，为人类进步、社会发展去开发新的资源。
无人探月分“绕、落、回”
中国月球探测分为三个阶段，即无人月球探测、载人登月探测和人类在月球短暂驻留的月球基地建设。正在进行的无人月球探测，规划为“绕、落、回”三期。
探月工程一期的任务是实现环绕月球探测。探月工程二期的任务是实现月面软着陆和自动巡视勘察，包括嫦娥二号、三号、四号3次任务。
嫦娥四号任务是嫦娥三号的备份。
探月工程三期的任务是实现无人采样返回，计划的时间为2020年前完成。
嫦娥一号：
传回数据绘制全月图
嫦娥一号任务获得了120米分辨率全月球影像图、三维月球地形图等成果，并获得了大量原始科学数据。全月图成为当时世界上最全面、精准度最高的一张月图，不过后来的嫦娥二号将这一精准度的纪录刷新。
我国利用这些数据编制了首幅月球虹湾区域的地质图和构造纲要图，首次获得了白天和黑夜的全月球微波图像，提出了月球岩浆洋结晶年龄为39.2亿年和月球东海盆地倾斜撞击成因的新观点。这些成果，进一步丰富了人类对月球的认知。
嫦娥二号：
飞行突破6000万公里
嫦娥二号任务获得了7米分辨率月球三维影像，制作完成了优于1.5米分辨率的虹湾区域影像图，在澄海对峙区发现了月表剩磁所引起的微磁层的存在，进一步测量了月面化学元素，初步对铀、钾、钍、镁、铝、硅、钙等元素进行了分析，深入研究了全月球亮温温度分布和月壤特征，完成了四大科学目标。在拓展任务中，在国际上首次实现对图塔蒂斯小行星的飞越交会探测。
截至目前，嫦娥二号卫星飞行突破6000万公里……预计2014年7月星地距离达到1亿公里。
本版撰文 晨报记者 韩娜
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