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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/27 9:14:29 Chang， third moon Rainbow landed in the Bay area， Moon at about 200 metres
Beijing News charged "Moon," Chang, third of the task has been completed the development and testing, launch vehicles and probes have been transferred to the launch site in Xichang satellite launch Center. If the meteorological conditions in early December could time such a launch.
Nearly 650,000 votes "the rabbit"
Li Benzheng Vice Director of China's lunar exploration program, announced yesterday, China's first Lunar Rover – Chang-third moon probe to inspect global names for the end, Lunar roving vehicle called "the rabbit".
"Legend has it that when the ' Chang ' embrace of moon Moon, Moon goodness, purity, and agile structure of the image with the Rovers, both the shape and likeness. "Li Benzheng introduced" the rabbit ", not only embodies the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and reflects the tenets of China's peaceful use of space.
He said that since the beginning of September 25 names, until October 25, received a total of 193,087 names for works and eliminate duplicate names, received a total of submitted names 53,091. Through the shortlisted for the initial evaluation, online polling and final review, "the rabbit", with nearly 650,000 votes in first came to the fore.
"The rabbit" detection month 3 months
Human lunar exploration generally follow the "agent" "" "United" three strides. China's lunar exploration program will be the first major step "Moon" subdivided in three parts-the "round", "down", "back to the" three-step. Chang first satellite (launched in 2007) successful completion of the phase I "Lunar" mission. Moon Phase II's mission is to achieve a lunar soft landing and exploration of automatic inspection, including Chang, second (launched in 2010), 3 missions, third and fourth.
Chang, third step to be implemented, "Moon", that is, a soft landing on the lunar surface. "Chang the third probe, consisting of Lander and visiting players, extraterrestrial object landing spacecraft for the first time. "National Defense Science and Industry Council spokesman Ng Chee-kin, said.
It is learnt that the lander would "embrace" and "rabbit" visits, moon, then the "rabbit", leaving the lander for scientific exploration of the lunar surface for about 3 months, the lander is in place to detect landing sites.
Chang, third three types of tasks assigned
Ng Chee-kin, said Chang, third to take three major engineering goals and three types of scientific exploration tasks.
Three major projects include: breakthrough for Lunar soft landing, Lunar patrol reconnaissance; development of Lunar soft-landing probe and Rover to establish ground deep space station; establishing a lunar probe space engineering system. General Deng Qi Beijing news reporters, Xinhua
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Chang e flying three major
Lunar scientific experts in the field said, in addition to visits and gently falling Moon ("before sunset") and inspect the lunar surface exploration ("walk") outside the two highlights to become immortal, the third challenge, the human history of scientific exploration of the Moon, "the first" equally deserving people look forward to. Primarily youchange carry eight science third, three complete loads.
Survey: humans first, "the Observatory" at the Moon
Device name: astronomical month based telescopes
"Expert analysis" in the view of astronomy on the Moon is one of many astronomers around the world want to. Months based telescopes, the human equivalent of "Observatory" on the moon. In observing the Moon sky, observing the stars, studying galaxies, stellar activity. If achieved, there must have been many new discoveries.
Months based telescope formed by telescope, reflector turntable. Various astronomical brightness change behavior for a long time the source of continuous monitoring and photographed the data transmitted back to Earth. We call it "Sky Survey".
Outlook: for the first time from the Moon "looking back" the Earth's plasma layer
Device name: extreme ultraviolet cameras
"Expert analysis" the United States had been observed by satellites in Earth orbit the Earth's plasma, only from the Equator crossing, not a wide field of view, you will see only local.
Chang, third after the lunar landing, 380,000 kilometers from the Earth, able to see the picture of the plasma layer of the Earth. Through the layer of plasma around the Earth is all-round, long-term observation and study of the radiation produced, gets the plasma layer of three-dimensional images of the Earth, it helps to understand the interrelationships of the Sun and the Earth.
View related to natural disasters on Earth and Earth's plasma layer, so research has scientific significance.
Measured month: radar on the Moon for two fine depth detection
Device name: Lunar laser radar
"Expert analysis" Chang, third visit for the "belly" with a lunar laser radar. Visit walk on the lunar surface, Lunar laser radar can measure 30 m deep soil layers beneath the Moon's subsurface structures and 100 meters deep structure. This is done in foreign countries. According to Xinhua News
The difficulties
Chang needed "seven banks"
Ng Chee-kin, spokesman of national defense science and Industry Council says, "Chang e to cross seven third engineering ' canton ', including multiple, narrow the width of the window to launch on time, Lunar soft landing, two players separation, months and teleoperation, lunar surface survival, tracking telemetry command and communication, experimental verification on the ground. ”
School of Earth and Space Sciences Professor Jiao weixin of Peking University believed that difficulties there is no degree of 7 points, are a complex and safe landing on the lunar surface is key. Because the moon has no air, the lander cannot use it like a spaceship landed on Earth, air resistance, you need to take a new approach.
Jiao weixin said in sub-zero night temperatures on the Moon more than more than 100 degrees centigrade, cannot use solar power always "heating", heavy test its viability, and to adopt new technologies to fight. "The General measures adopted, that is with a nuclear power source. ”
Jiao weixin said that in addition to the huge temperature difference, due to the moon has no atmosphere, no magnetic field protection, charged particle and ultraviolet radiation can directly reach the lunar surface, therefore, the instrumental parts of high radiation resistance requirements. The Beijing News reporter Deng Qi
Dialog
Chang-"Moon" preferred Rainbow Bay
Experts say other countries have yet to survey the Rainbow Bay, "the rabbit" will work for 3 months
Chang, third Lander "Moon" where is it? "The rabbit" how far the moon can run? Chinese Academy of Sciences, the leading group for China's lunar exploration program Senior Advisor Ouyang Ziyuan an interview with a reporter.
Landed where?
Rainbow Bay area on the moon landing
Reporter: where Chang, third moon landing? Landing area along the situation?
Ouyang Ziyuan: scheduled to become immortal, the third moon Rainbow landed in the Bay area. Rainbow Bay is located in the Moon's northern hemisphere, Western Hemisphere, in the Northwest corner of the rain waters of the near side of the moon. What near side of the Moon, that is, towards this side of the Earth to the moon. Autobiography and the week of the Moon around the Earth is about 28 days a week, so people will never see only half of the moon on Earth, you don't see the other half.
There are lots of places on the moon to "sea" and "Ocean". The ancient chimera, thought she saw was the sea, but it is not. In some places on the Moon was a huge basin, basin, there's a lot of rock. Volcanic eruptions and leave the pit filled in a little flat. Chimera spots that you see when, in fact, mostly rock, such as black basalt.
Rainbow Bay is about 3.9 billion years ago out of a hole. This threw many stones sputtered out, piled up next to it, near the basin formed a rainbow-like arc. So get a romantic title--Rainbow Bay.
Why choose Rainbow Bay?
Rainbow Bay is a lunar research gaps
Reporter: Chang why choose third, Rainbow Bay, as the landing area?
Ouyang Ziyuan: landing zone first, communication is better, the second Sun is better, III the study of scientific problems, relatively flat fourth, five other States have yet to go to the survey. United States and the former Soviet lunar exploration to more places are near the Moon's equator, don't have much higher latitudes.
Rainbow Bay is the gap in the study of the Moon, we would like to know where the knowledge. What rocks, what ingredients are, cause.
In addition, Chang e in order to protect Chang, third, second "off" safe, does not fall into the larger Lunar craters, is ending with a CCD stereo camera to Rainbow Bay domain ultra high resolution stereo imaging. Chang actually achieved, second-month figure 7 m resolution, resolution of about 1 metre Rainbow Bay area.
According to Chang-second CCD camera Development Institute of Xian machine experts, Chang, second-month image, craters greater than 21 metres in diameter can be identified. At Rainbow Bay field Imaging, diameter greater than 3 metres from the craters are clearly distinguishable.
What are challenges?
Greatest difficulties was a soft landing
Reporter: Chang, third choice in Rainbow landings in the Bay area is it really safe? What are challenges?
Ouyang Ziyuan: Rainbow Bay despite relatively flat, but not a wide expanse, technically there are many difficulties.
Greatest difficulties was a soft landing, the moon has no atmosphere. Researchers take a variable thrust engine, autonomous navigation and control technologies and research and development to overcome this difficulty absorbing part. Followed by Moonlight to survive. Month daylight Moonlight over more than 330 degrees Celsius temperature difference, must ensure that the load landing in the cold Moonlight and detectors will not be frozen, start working automatically wake up when the sun comes out.
How to detect?
"The rabbit" at about 200 metres
Reporter: Chang, third after the landing on the Moon, Lunar Rover will be responsible for which tasks?
Ouyang Ziyuan: Chang, third visit, which people commonly known as global names for Lunar Rover was named "rabbit". If the "Moon" success and success off the lander, "rabbit" in months of work for 3 months.
"The rabbit" shoulder carrying scientific payloads, the Moon's surface topography and geological structure, surface material composition, and available resources. According to detector systems experts, "the rabbit" will move slowly, went slower than people think, at about 200 meters. High performance reflected in the negotiation and adoption of it, rather than the pursuit of high speed. According to Xinhua News
(Original title: Moon Goddess to bring Moon next month)
新京报讯 肩负“落月”任务的嫦娥三号已完成各项研制和试验，运载火箭和探测器已转入西昌卫星发射中心发射现场。如果气象等条件具备，12月上旬将择机发射。
近65万张票选“玉兔”
中国探月工程副总指挥李本正昨日宣布，我国首辆月球车——嫦娥三号月球探测器的巡视器全球征名结束，月球车得名“玉兔”号。
“传说中，当年‘嫦娥’怀抱玉兔奔月，玉兔善良、纯洁、敏捷的形象与月球车的构造、使命既形似又神似。”李本正介绍，“玉兔”号既体现了中华民族的传统文化，又反映了我国和平利用太空的宗旨。
他表示，自9月25日征名开始，至10月25日截止，共收到征名作品193087件，除去重复名称外，共收到提交名称53091个。通过入围初评、网上投票和终审评审，“玉兔”号以近65万张票数名列第一脱颖而出。
“玉兔”探测月面3个月
人类探月一般遵循“探”“登”“驻”三大步。中国探月工程将第一大步“探月”细分为三期——即“绕”“落”“回”三小步。嫦娥一号卫星(2007年发射)圆满完成了一期“绕月”使命。探月二期的任务是实现月球软着陆和自动巡视勘查，包括嫦娥二号(2010年发射)、三号、四号3次任务。
嫦娥三号将要实施第二步“落月”，即在月球表面软着陆。“嫦娥三号探测器由着陆器和巡视器组成，将首次实现我国航天器地外天体软着陆。”国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚说。
据悉，着陆器将“怀抱”“玉兔”号巡视器落月，然后“玉兔”号驶离着陆器在月面进行为期约3个月的科学探测，着陆器则在着陆地点进行就位探测。
嫦娥三号肩负三类任务
吴志坚表示，嫦娥三号肩负三大工程目标和三类科学探测任务。
其中三大工程目标包括：突破月球软着陆、月面巡视勘察；研制月球软着陆探测器和巡视探测器，建立地面深空站；建立月球探测航天工程基本体系等。综合新京报记者 邓琦 新华社报道
■ 链接
嫦娥再飞天三大看点
月球科学领域专家表示，除了巡视器轻盈落月(“落下去”)和巡视器开展月面探测(“走起来”)两大亮点外，嫦娥三号挑战人类月球科学探测历史上的几项“第一次”同样值得国人期待。它们主要由嫦娥三号携带的八大科学载荷中的三件完成。
●巡天：人类首次把“天文台”架到月球上
装置名称：天文月基望远镜
【专家解析】在月亮上观天文是世界上很多天文学家最想做的事情之一。月基天文望远镜，相当于人类把“天文台”架到了月球上。在月球观测天空，观测星星，研究星系、恒星的活动。假如实现了，一定会有很多新的发现。
月基望远镜由望远镜主体、反射镜转台组成。对各种天文变源的亮度变化行为进行长时间连续监测，然后拍照把数据传回地球。我们形象称之为“巡天”。
●观地：首次从月球“回望”地球等离子体层
装置名称：极紫外相机
【专家解析】美国曾经在地球轨道上用卫星观测地球等离子体层，只是从赤道附近过境，没有宽阔的视场，只能看到局部。
嫦娥三号月面软着陆后，离地球38万公里，能够看到地球等离子层的全貌。通过对地球周围的等离子体层产生的辐射进行全方位、长期的观测研究，获取地球等离子体层三维图像，有助于了解太阳和地球的相互关系。
有观点认为，地球上一些自然灾害与地球等离子体层有关，所以相关研究具有科学意义。
●测月：用雷达对月球进行两个深度上的精细探测
装置名称：测月雷达
【专家解析】嫦娥三号巡视器的“腹部”有一台测月雷达。巡视器在月面行走，测月雷达可以测月球地底下30米深土壤层的结构和100米深的次表层结构。这个是国外没有做过的。据新华社电
■ 难点
嫦娥需过“七道坎”
国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚说，“嫦娥三号工程实施要闯七道‘坎’，包括多窗口、窄宽度准时发射，月面软着陆，两器分离，月地间遥操作，月面生存，测控通信，地面试验验证等。”
北京大学地球与空间科学学院焦维新教授认为，7大难点没有程度之分，是一个综合体，其中能否安全在月球表面着陆是关键。因为月球没有空气，着陆器不能像飞船在地球降落一样利用空气阻力，需要采取新的方式。
焦维新表示，月球上夜晚气温在零下100多摄氏度，无法用往常的太阳能发电“供暖”，其生存能力将受巨大考验，要采取许多新的技术来应对。“一般采取的措施，就是带一个核电源。”
焦维新说，除了巨大的温差，由于月球没有大气层，没有磁场保护，一些带电粒子和紫外线等可以直接到达月球表面，所以对仪器部件的抗辐射性要求高。新京报记者 邓琦
■ 对话
嫦娥“落月”首选虹湾
专家称，其他国家尚未勘查虹湾，“玉兔”将工作3个月
嫦娥三号着陆器“落月”难在哪？“玉兔”在月面能跑多远？中科院院士、中国探月工程领导小组高级顾问欧阳自远接受了记者采访。
落在何处？
将在月球虹湾区着陆
记者：嫦娥三号将在月球何处降落？降落区的大致情况如何？
欧阳自远：按计划，嫦娥三号将在月球虹湾区着陆。虹湾区地处月球的北半球、西半球，在月球正面的雨海区西北角。所谓月球正面，也就是月球朝向地球的这一面。月球自传一周和绕地球一周约28天，所以地球上的人们永远只能看到月亮的一半，看不到另一半。
月球上有很多地方以“海”“洋”命名。古人望月，以为看到的是海，其实不是。月球上有些地方被撞出大盆地，盆地下面有很多岩缝。火山喷发，又把一些坑填得比较平了。望月时看到的黑斑，其实大多为石头，比如黑色的玄武岩。
虹湾是约39亿年前砸出来的一个坑。这一砸把很多石头溅射出去，堆积到旁边，在盆地附近形成一段像彩虹一样的弧。因此得到一个浪漫的名字——虹湾。
为何选虹湾？
虹湾是月球研究的空白
记者：嫦娥三号为何选择虹湾作为着陆区？
欧阳自远：着陆区首先通讯要好，第二阳光要好，第三可以研究的科学问题多，第四相对比较平坦，第五其他国家还没有去勘查过。美国和前苏联月球探测到的较多的地方是月球赤道附近，高纬度地区不多。
虹湾是月球研究的空白，我们希望了解那里的知识。比如有什么石头，成分是什么，起因如何。
另外，嫦娥二号为了保障嫦娥三号“落”得安全，不至于掉到大的月坑里，已经用CCD立体相机对虹湾进行了局域超高分辨率立体成像。嫦娥二号实际获得的全月图分辨率为7米，虹湾区分辨率约为1米。
据嫦娥二号CCD相机研制单位中科院西安光机专家介绍，在嫦娥二号全月影像图中，直径大于21米的月坑可识别。而在虹湾区局域成像中，直径大于3米的月坑清晰可辨。
有何挑战？
最大的难点是软着陆
记者：嫦娥三号选择在虹湾区着陆是否一定安全？还有什么挑战？
欧阳自远：尽管虹湾相对平坦，但并非一马平川，技术上有很多难点。
最大的难点是软着陆，月球上没有大气。科研人员采用变推力发动机、自主导航控制技术和研发缓冲吸能部件来攻克这一难关。其次是月夜生存。月昼月夜有330多摄氏度温差，必须保证各载荷在寒冷的月夜下着陆器和探测器不被冻坏，太阳出来时再自动唤醒开始工作。
如何探测？
“玉兔”时速约200米
记者：嫦娥三号降落月球后，月球车将肩负哪些任务？
欧阳自远：嫦娥三号巡视器，也就是百姓俗称的月球车在全球征名中被命名为“玉兔”号。如果“落月”成功，并成功驶离着陆器，“玉兔”将在月面工作3个月。
“玉兔”号肩负承载科学载荷进行月表形貌与地质构造、月表物质成分和可利用资源调查等使命。据探测器系统专家介绍，“玉兔”号会慢慢移动，比人们想象的走得慢，时速约200米。它的高性能体现在越障能力和通过性，而不是追求高速度。据新华社电
(原标题：嫦娥携玉兔 下月初奔月)
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