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The author:(作者)qq
published in(发表于) 2013/11/27 9:21:38
Rainbow Bay area as the preferred Chang， third on the moon landing zone

Rainbow Bay, 380,000 kilometers outside this remote land on the Moon, now national concern. Rainbow Bay, a poetic name, carrying Lunar dream of the Chinese nation.

On November 26, the National Defense Science and Industry Council announced: Chang-third, will be the first soft landing on the Moon, Rainbow Bay is the preferred landing area.

China Moon "first stop" Rainbow Bay exactly what kind of place is it? Why it became the preferred landing area for China's lunar exploration program ... ... Reporters connection space technology expert, as you unlock the secrets of Rainbow Bay.

　　Sea is not a sea, Rainbow Bay is not Wan

The words too literally, the Rainbow Bay is a "Gulf".

Wu Weiren, Chief Designer of China's lunar exploration engineering introduction, early 17th century scientists to large dark area on the Moon is named the sea, bright area called the Lunar terrain and sea land is called Crescent, reaching for months.

In fact, the sea is not a sea, it is made up of basalt on the Moon's low-lying plains, due to the lower reflectivity of the basalt, seen from Visual effects seems like "oceans and seas". Rainbow Bay is not, of course, Bay, where it is an open flat. However, Shanghai, land and Bay the Moon's name is still in use.

Rainbow Bay at the moon about 43 degrees north latitude, longitude 31 degrees, about 100 km in length from North to South, about 300 kilometers long from East to West. Turn the Moon spirit, Rainbow Bay before us is a huge roll of the letter "c" surrounded, outlines the shape of a curved Rainbow. Its name comes from the Latin "Sinus Iridum", meaning "Bay of rainbows". Rainbow Bay West and North behind the moon landing area is Jura Tai and the gap toward the Moon's second largest "sea"-the sea of rains.

Wu Weiren, told reporters that "c" gap at both ends, each with a scientist named "Cape"--South helakelaitehai point, lapulasihai in the northeast corner. Helakelaitehai corners to commemorate Greece astronomer, student of Plato helakelidesi·pengti WVS. He was the first to "the Earth turning" people. Laplace was France mathematician, astronomer, and he mathematically proves that the orbits of the planets size only cyclical change.

Through to the moon first, Chang e, second pass back data and pictures, Chinese scientists for journalists painted a picture of a rainbow Bay area "photo illustration"-terrain from the Southeast to the Northwest slope of Rainbow Bay, the lowest point on the inside of the Jura Mountains in the North-West, at depths exceeding 3,000 metres. Overall terrain slope less than two degrees within the Rainbow Bay, are relatively flat, irregularly distributed above various shades of craters.

　　5 a preselected landing zone, Rainbow Bay, integrated the best

Review of moon history, United States and the Soviet Union had committed more than once Lunar soft landing exploration activities. Their landing zone dotted, but mostly focused on the Moon's South Pole to the ground. Because those areas of light fully, can ensure the detector power supply due to light, temperature not mutations, remained at lingxia60sheshidu per cent, detectors for survival, activity.

Then, select landing areas in China have any requests?

Chang, third detector systems Chief Scientist Ye Peijian said Chinese scientists in selecting lunar landing area, is governed primarily by the following 4 criteria:

The first is security. Landing relatively spacious flat, "the moon lady" escape the rock or the Lunar craters; the second is scientific. Landing site geology and rock, Lunar soil material elements of the rich, has scientific value; the third is measuring. Choice falls on the surface of the Moon, and relatively adequate illumination of the area, ease of communication and measurement of continuity; and finally the innovation. Other countries have gone in some places on the Moon, we have to choose one of the other countries no unexplored places.

In accordance with previously announced plans to become immortal, the third a preselected landing zone 5, namely, Rainbow Bay, Mare nectaris, wet sea, Kepler and the alisiji crater. So why is Rainbow Bay will become the preferred landing area.

"For a landing zone, not the 4 conditions in which stands out the best, but to balance. "Ye Peijian said:" Rainbow Bay area complex geological structure, typical of, have a very high value of scientific exploration, other aspects of the integrated 5 landing conditions in the area the best, thus becoming the preferred landing area. ”

　　"The moon lady" myself "features the" site

Many people ask, "the moon lady" fly to the Rainbow Bay, landing site where is it?

Journalists first came up with the famous Rainbow Bay area "close-up" as: craters 4 meters in diameter, the diameter is 3 meters of rock are clearly distinguishable, sweeping view of the variety of terrain features. On November 8, 2010, Defense Science and Industry Council announced Chang, second shoot this partial image.

This image will not give us the landing site information? We asked a Senior Adviser to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's lunar exploration program Ouyang Ziyuan.

"Only a small part of Rainbow Bay area, ' Chang ' e ' will not necessarily landed here. "Concern landing problems, Ouyang Ziyuan, academician of:" Although Chinese scientists have for the ' Chang ' chose several possible land, but not until the last moment, nobody knows where it will fall. ”

At that time, "the moon lady" himself "features the" location. Ouyang Ziyuan, academician of interpretation, there is no air on the Moon, aircraft cannot use parachutes to achieve a soft landing on the planet, but to rely on their own propeller reverse thrust. Distance lunar surface 100 m in height to become immortal, the third using on-board cameras and computer calculation of the landing zone, choose flies to the most suitable landing sites. Over a distance of moon over 4 meters, detector off the thrust engine, in the form of free fall landing surface.

　　Back to Rainbow Bay, China Moon journey and more and more exciting

Rainbow Bay where the charm?

"Landing in Rainbow Bay, was designed to improve the development and use of the Moon, but also to better explore and understand the universe. "Chang Li chunlai, Chief Designer of the third system introduced to us –

Moon retains its original state, research helps to understand the evolutionary history of the Earth to the Moon; Moon's vacuum world, Rainbow Bay, establishing the Observatory can greatly improve the ability of astronomical observation; lunar surface directly under the Sun's radiation, no global dipole magnetic field, is the ideal place for experimental physical chemistry and life science experiments in space.

In addition, the Moon is rich in mineral resources, has broad prospects for development. Existing scientific investigation proved, known mineral on the moon has more than 100 species, including 5 species on Earth has none. Rock containing large amounts of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, Silicon, manganese and other elements, oxygen levels reached 40% in the Lunar soil. Particularly worth mentioning is that lunar regolith layer also contains rare helium-3 on Earth, this is the future long term use of novel fusion of clean, efficient, safe and cheap fuel.

Back to Rainbow Bay, trip to Moon exploration in China and more and more exciting. Li chunlai is pleased to tell reporters that the "Goddess" in Rainbow Bay completed three major scientific tasks: surface morphology and geological surveys, surveys of surface material composition, and available resources, the Earth's plasma layer detection and monthly base optical astronomical observations.

Blueprint, Zhan Xu, future periods. Chinese set off from Rainbow Bay, lifted the curtain of the use and development of the moon.

(Original title: Rainbow Bay: China Moon "first stop")

November 27, 2013 PLA
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月球上虹湾地区成为嫦娥三号首选着陆区|嫦娥三号|虹湾|着陆_新闻资讯

　　虹湾，远在38万公里外月球上的这一偏僻之地，如今举国关注。虹湾，一个充满诗意的名字，承载着中华民族的探月梦想。

　　11月26日，国防科工局对外宣布：嫦娥三号将首次在月球软着陆，首选着陆区就是虹湾。

　　作为中国探月“第一站”，虹湾究竟是一个什么样的地方？它为什么能成为中国探月工程的首选着陆区……记者连线航天科技专家，为您揭开虹湾的神秘面纱。

　　月海不是海，虹湾并非湾

　　望文生义，虹湾是一个“海湾”。

　　中国探月工程总设计师吴伟仁介绍，17世纪早期科学家将月球上大面积暗色区域命名为月海，明亮一些的区域称之为月陆，而月海伸向月陆的部分叫做月湾。

　　其实，月海不是海，它不过是月球上由玄武岩组成的低洼平原，由于玄武岩反射率较低，从视觉效果上看似乎像“海洋”。虹湾当然也并非湾，它是一片开阔平坦的地方。尽管如此，月球上海、陆、湾的名称却一直沿用至今。

　　虹湾位于月球北纬43度、西经31度左右，南北长约100公里、东西长约300公里。转动月球仪，我们眼前的虹湾被一个巨大而侧倾的字母“C”包围着，轮廓形似一道弯弯的彩虹。其得名来自于拉丁文“Sinus Iridum”，意即“彩虹之湾”。虹湾西部和北部背倚的月陆区域是巍然耸立的侏罗山脉，而其缺口朝向的是月球第二大“海”——雨海。

　　吴伟仁告诉记者，“C”字缺口的两端，各有一个用科学家名字命名的“海角”——西南的赫拉克莱特海角，东北的拉普拉斯海角。赫拉克莱特海角是为了纪念希腊天文学家、柏拉图的学生赫拉克利德斯·彭提乌斯。他是第一个提出“地球在转动”的人。拉普拉斯是法国数学家、天文学家，他用数学方法证明了行星的轨道大小只有周期性变化。

　　通过对嫦娥一号、嫦娥二号传回的数据和图片，中国的科学家为记者描绘出一幅虹湾地区的“写真图”——虹湾内的地形从东南向西北倾斜，最低点在西北部侏罗山内侧，深度超过3000米。虹湾内部总体地形坡度小于两度，相对比较平坦，上面不规则分布着一些深浅不一的陨石坑。

　　5个预选着陆区，虹湾综合条件最好

　　回眸人类登月历史，美国和苏联曾多次实施月面软着陆探测活动。他们的着陆区星罗棋布，但基本上都集中在月球南极的对地面。因为那些区域光照充分，可以保证探测器的能源供应；由于有光照，温度不会突变，基本保持在零下60摄氏度左右，便于探测器生存、活动。

　　那么，我国选择着陆区有什么要求呢？

　　嫦娥三号探测器系统首席科学家叶培建表示，我国科学家在选择登月的着陆区时，主要考虑的是以下4个方面的条件：

　　第一是安全性。着陆点要相对开阔平坦，便于“嫦娥”躲开月岩或月坑；第二是科学性。着陆点的地质构造以及月岩、月壤的物质元素要丰富，具有科学探测价值；第三是可测控。选择落在月球的对地面，并且光照比较充足的区域，便于通讯和测控的连续性；最后是创新性。月球上有些地方其他国家已经去过了，我们要选择一个其他国家没有探测过的地方。

　　按照原先公布的计划，嫦娥三号的预选着陆区有5个，分别是虹湾、酒海、湿海、开普勒和阿里斯基撞击坑。那么，为什么虹湾会成为首选着陆区。

　　“对于着陆区来说，不是这4个条件中有哪个特别突出就最好，而是要均衡兼顾。” 叶培建说：“虹湾地区地质构造复杂，有典型性，具有很高的科学探测价值，综合其他方面的情况也是5个着陆区中条件最好的，因而成为首选着陆区。”

　　“嫦娥”亲自为“广寒宫”选址

　　不少人问，“嫦娥”飞赴虹湾，着陆地点在哪儿呢？

　　记者首先想到了一张著名的虹湾地区“特写”照：直径4米的月坑、直径3米的月岩清晰可辨，各种地形地貌特征一览无余。2010年11月8日，国防科工局公布了嫦娥二号拍摄的这张局部影像图。

　　这张影像图会不会给我们传递出着陆点的信息呢？我们询问了中科院院士、中国探月工程高级顾问欧阳自远。

　　“这只是虹湾地区的一小部分，‘嫦娥’并不一定会降落在这里。”针对大家关注的着陆点问题，欧阳自远院士透露：“虽然我国科学家已为‘嫦娥’选择了多个可能的着陆地，但不到最后一刻，谁也不知道它会落在哪。”

　　届时，“嫦娥”将亲自为“广寒宫”选址。欧阳自远院士解释，月球上没有空气，飞行器不能像在地球上一样利用降落伞实现软着陆，而要依靠自身推进器的反推力。在距离月面100米的高度，嫦娥三号将利用机载相机和计算机对着陆区进行测算，自主选择飞向最适合的着陆点。而在距离月面4米上空时，探测器关闭推力发动机，以自由落体形式着陆月面。

　　背靠虹湾，中国探月之旅将越来越精彩

　　虹湾的魅力在哪里？

　　“登陆虹湾，是为了更好地开发和利用月球，也是为了更好地探索和了解宇宙。”嫦娥三号应用系统总设计师李春来向我们介绍——

　　月球保持着原始状态，对月球的研究有助于了解地球的演化历史；月面是真空世界，在虹湾建立天文台可大大提高天文观测能力；月面直接承受太阳的辐射，没有全球性偶极磁场，是开展空间物理化学实验和生命科学实验的理想场所。

　　此外，月球上有丰富的矿物资源，具有广阔的开发前景。现有科学考察探明，月球上已知矿物有100多种，其中有5种连地球上也没有。月岩中含有大量的铝、镁、钛、硅、锰等元素，月壤中氧的含量也达到了40%。特别值得一提的是，月壤中还含有地球上少见的氦-3，这是人类未来可长期使用的清洁、高效、安全和廉价的新型核聚变燃料。

　　背靠虹湾，中国探月之旅将越来越精彩。李春来高兴地告诉记者，此次“嫦娥”将在虹湾完成三大科学任务：月表形貌与地质构造调查、月表物质成分和可利用资源调查、地球等离子体层探测和月基光学天文观测。

　　蓝图徐展，未来可期。中国人从虹湾出发，拉开了利用和开发月球的大幕。

(原标题:虹湾：中国探月“第一站”)

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