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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/27 9:23:02 Three department heads of livestock pollution prevention regulations questions and answers
Xinhuanet, Beijing, November 26 (reporters Wang Si and)-a few days ago, Premier Li keqiang signed a decree, published the scale animal farming pollution prevention Ordinance, shall enter into force on January 1, 2014. In this regard, the head of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council, the Ministry of environmental protection, Ministry of agriculture, 26th on the scale animal farming pollution control Ordinance issues related to answering a reporter's question.
Q: the pollution prevention in scale livestock and poultry Ordinance introduction what is the reality of the pointed?
A: our power is animal husbandry, livestock have been expanding, livestock manure, sewage treatment, and so breed the rapid increase in the amount of waste, livestock pollution has become a major source of agricultural pollution in China. Water pollution control law and other legal provisions concerning livestock pollution prevention, former environmental protection administration in 2001, were devoted to the development of the livestock pollution prevention regulations, those provisions for preventing livestock pollution plays a role.
But overall, still exists that is too, and interoperability are not specific issues, it is difficult to effectively solve the urgent need to resolve the outstanding issues: one is integrated and coordinated enough livestock and rural environmental protection and production layout. On one hand, some place for the pursuit of increased volume of livestock and poultry breeding, blind construction of livestock and poultry farms, breeding areas, resulting in some areas deteriorating environment on the other, in some places to achieve the total pollutant emission reduction targets, free to prohibit the construction of livestock and poultry farms, farming community.
Two livestock pollution prevention an obligation is not clear. Current environmental regulations did not reflect the special needs of livestock pollution prevention, does not take into account actual affordability of different scale livestock and poultry farmers, pollution prevention obligations under too broad, resulting in a large number of farmers do not ensure the implementation of environmental obligations.
Third, lack of comprehensive utilization of livestock waste concrete specifications and requirements. Treatment of livestock waste best practice is through the preparation of comprehensive utilization of biogas, to field, but due to the lack of a clear specific norms and requirements, at present China's level of comprehensive utilization of livestock waste is still very low, wasteful of valuable resources, are responsible for the environmental pollution.
Four animal aquaculture pollution prevention and utilization of incentive mechanisms are not perfect. Pollution prevention and waste recycling facilities in the proportion of total investment cost is relatively high, needs in areas such as finance, taxation, credit, the Government increased support to livestock pollution prevention efforts.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop scale animal farming pollution control Ordinance introduced, providing legal guarantee for livestock pollution prevention.
Q: Ordinance in the layout of integrated livestock production and environmental protection, strengthening the sources of pollution control has done what?
Answer: rationalization of livestock and production layout, enhanced source of pollution control is to achieve for livestock development and strengthening environmental protection "win-win" premise and basis. In this regard, the regulations clearly, developing animal husbandry development planning, and Manpower considered carrying capacity of the environment and pollution prevention requirements, reasonable layout of livestock production, scientific identification of livestock species, size, total development of livestock pollution prevention planning, to converge with the livestock development planning, identify pollution prevention goals and tasks. At the same time, regulations also require local government through the designation of restricted areas, serious pollution and comprehensive improvement measures such as the farming-intensive areas, to adjust the unreasonable layout of livestock production and treatment of farmers be compensated according to the law of suffering a loss.
Asked: in order to improve the relevance and feasibility of livestock pollution prevention, which regulates regulations?
Answer: regulations, taking into account the development of animal husbandry in China is relatively weak, animal aquaculture pollution prevention are more stark reality of the situation, regulations to clarify its scope is the farm, breeding areas, and asked the provincial government based on animal husbandry development situation and animal aquaculture pollution prevention requirements determine the exact size of farms, farming community standards, while explicitly pastoral herding breed not to apply the regulation. Requests for livestock and poultry farms, raising zone construction of pollution control facilities, Commission on comprehensive utilization and treatment of livestock waste, can not build their own pollution control facilities. Request livestock and poultry farms and other farmers outside the farming community, to take measures to reduce the amount of livestock waste and emissions, and waste collection, storage and transportation of livestock and poultry farming. Call for pollution-intensive livestock farming, by city and county governments for comprehensive regulation.
Q: enabling scale livestock and poultry aquaculture and its pollution prevention and waste recycling, regulations what are the incentives?
Answer: increase the comprehensive utilization of livestock pollution prevention and support, is to mobilize farmers to positively and actively carried out effective measures for pollution prevention and control.
The regulations, first, Governments at all levels to animal aquaculture pollution prevention and utilization of scientific and technical research, equipment research and development support.
B are characteristic for poultry and livestock farming activities, clearly highlights of environmental impact assessment, and livestock and poultry farms, farming community expenditure the construction project environmental impact Advisory fee subsidies.
Three is take variety measures support scale, and standardization animal farming, provides levels Government should take model award, measures, support animal farms, and farming community for Standardization transformation and pollution control facilities construction and transformation; will scale animal farming with to into land uses overall planning, clear farming with to by agricultural to management; clear construction and transformation animal farming waste utilization and pollution control supporting facilities of, can applications environmental protection, related funds support.
IV is the production of biogas, natural gas, power generation, production, marketing and purchase livestock waste comprehensive utilization of organic fertilizer products and related areas such as taxation, funding, capacity, price support policies on uses of livestock waste power generation also requires manufacturers to provide non-discriminatory grid access services, full purchase of surplus power.
Five, the State shall encourage and support on quarantinable animal and poultry, livestock and poultry died or the cause of death is unknown for centralized harmless treatment of body and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State losses due to processing costs, farming subsidies.
Six are on farms, livestock and poultry breeding areas discharged voluntarily sign further agreements, incentives and priority on the Government's arrangements in the context of development funds to support environmental protection and animal breeding.
Seven farms, breeding of livestock and poultry farmers voluntarily to build supporting facilities outside the community, to take measures to reduce the emission of pollutants, you can also enjoy incentives supporting policy.
新华网北京11月26日电（记者王思北）日前，国务院总理李克强签署国务院令，公布《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》，自2014年1月1日起施行。对此，国务院法制办、环境保护部、农业部负责人26日就《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》的有关问题回答了记者提问。
问：《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》的出台有什么现实针对性？
答：我国是畜牧业大国，随着畜禽养殖规模不断扩大，畜禽粪便、污水等养殖废弃物的产生量也迅速增加，畜禽养殖污染已成为我国农业污染的主要来源。水污染防治法等法律的个别条款涉及了畜禽养殖污染防治，原环保总局于2001年专门制定了《畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法》，这些规定对于防治畜禽养殖污染发挥了一定的作用。
但总体来看，仍然存在规定过于原则，针对性和操作性不强的问题，难以有效解决当前亟须解决的突出问题：一是畜禽养殖生产布局与农村环境保护统筹协调不够。一方面，有的地方为追求增加畜禽养殖量，盲目建设畜禽养殖场、养殖小区，导致局部地区环境不断恶化；另一方面，有的地方为实现污染物总量减排目标，随意禁止建设畜禽养殖场、养殖小区。
二是畜禽养殖者的污染防治义务不明确。目前有关环保规定没有体现畜禽养殖污染防治的特殊需要，没有考虑不同规模畜禽养殖者的实际承受能力，规定的污染防治义务过于笼统，致使大量养殖者未切实履行环保义务。
三是畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用缺乏明确具体的规范和要求。处理畜禽养殖废弃物最佳方案是通过制取沼气、还田利用等进行综合利用，但由于缺乏明确具体的规范和要求，目前我国畜禽养殖废弃物的综合利用水平还很低，既浪费了宝贵的资源，也造成了环境污染。
四是畜禽养殖污染防治和综合利用的激励机制不完善。污染防治和废弃物综合利用设施在总投资成本中所占比例相对较高，需要政府在财政、税收、信贷等方面加大对畜禽养殖污染防治的支持力度。
因此，有必要制定出台《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》，为畜禽养殖污染防治提供法制保障。
问：条例在统筹畜禽养殖生产布局与环境保护、强化污染源头管控方面做了哪些规定？
答：合理安排畜禽养殖生产布局、强化污染源头管控，是实现促进畜禽养殖业发展和加强环境保护“双赢”的前提和基础。对此，条例明确，制定畜牧业发展规划，要统筹考虑环境承载能力和污染防治要求，合理布局畜禽养殖生产，科学确定畜禽养殖的品种、规模、总量；制定畜禽养殖污染防治规划，要与畜牧业发展规划相衔接，确定污染防治目标、任务。同时，条例还要求地方政府通过划定禁养区、对污染严重的养殖密集区域进行综合整治等措施，对不合理的畜禽养殖生产布局进行调整，并对整治中遭受损失的养殖者依法予以补偿。
问：为提高畜禽养殖污染防治的针对性和可行性，条例作了哪些规定？
答：条例规定，考虑到我国的畜牧业发展相对较弱，畜禽养殖污染防治形势又比较严峻的现实，条例明确其适用范围是养殖场、养殖小区，并要求省级政府根据畜牧业发展状况和畜禽养殖污染防治要求确定养殖场、养殖小区的具体规模标准，同时明确牧区放牧养殖不适用本条例。要求畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设污染防治设施，已委托他人对畜禽养殖废弃物代为综合利用和无害化处理的，可以不自行建设污染防治设施。要求畜禽养殖场和养殖小区之外的其他养殖户，采取措施减少畜禽养殖废弃物的产生量和排放量，并及时收集、贮存和清运畜禽养殖废弃物。要求对污染严重的畜禽养殖密集区域，由市、县政府进行综合整治。
问：对扶持畜禽规模养殖及其污染防治和废弃物综合利用，条例规定了哪些激励措施？
答：加大畜禽养殖污染防治和综合利用的扶持力度，是调动养殖者积极、主动进行污染防治的有效措施。
条例规定，一是各级政府对畜禽养殖污染防治和综合利用的科学技术研究、装备研发提供支持。
二是针对畜禽养殖活动的特点，明确环境影响评价的重点内容，并对畜禽养殖场、养殖小区支出的建设项目环境影响咨询费用给予补助。
三是采取多种措施扶持规模化、标准化畜禽养殖，规定各级政府应当采取示范奖励等措施，支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区进行标准化改造和污染防治设施建设与改造；将规模化畜禽养殖用地纳入土地利用总体规划，明确养殖用地按农用地管理；明确建设和改造畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用和污染防治配套设施的，可以申请环境保护等相关资金支持。
四是对制取沼气、天然气、发电、生产经营和购买使用有机肥产品等综合利用畜禽养殖废弃物的，给予相关税收、资金、运力、价格等方面的支持政策；对利用畜禽养殖废弃物发电的，还要求电网企业提供无歧视的电网接入服务，全额收购多余电量。
五是国家鼓励和支持对染疫畜禽、病死或者死因不明畜禽尸体进行集中无害化处理，并按照国家有关规定对处理费用、养殖损失给予适当补助。
六是对畜禽养殖场、养殖小区达标排放后自愿签订进一步减排协议的，给予奖励，并优先列入政府安排的环境保护和畜禽养殖发展相关资金扶持范围。
七是畜禽养殖场、养殖小区之外的养殖户自愿建设配套设施，采取措施减少污染物排放的，也可以享受有关激励扶持政策。
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