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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/28 8:22:52 Academy of experts： papaya on the market for genetically modified varieties
Not genetically modified soybean germination, summer carrot production is genetically modified, genetically modified potatoes after peeling the same dark, slender rice warning of the very bright ... ... Recently, a lot of articles about how to use profiles to identify genetically modified crops circulating on the Internet.
Just look at the appearance and shape, really recognizes a GM, please, what kind of food is genetically modified? Yesterday, a number of experts say, these with a profile to identify genetically modified method, lack of scientific basis, is not reliable.
"Those identification methods is purely a flicker. "Huang Dafang, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Academy of agricultural sciences biotechnology last night made clear that consumers really can now come into contact with genetically modified foods, mainly papaya genetically modified soybean, soybean oil, as well as some cooking oil, such as potatoes, rice, corn, tomatoes, and are not genetically modified, consumers cannot buy in the market.
China Agricultural University food science and nutrition Engineering College Associate Professor Zhu Yi said, according to agricultural transgenic bio identifies management approach under provides, my has has 5 class 17 species sale transgenic bio was included transgenic identifies Directory, these are needs out packaging Shang identifies out, like transgenic big soybean oil, and oil rapeseed oil, and containing transgenic ingredients of reconcile oil,, consumers in purchased Shi query label Shang of text, can identification.
Huang Dafang stressed that all undergo a rigorous scientific evaluation, approval of genetically modified plant crops and foods in accordance with law, and non-GMO products are safe.
Rumours 1
Local soybeans soaked in water for three days, germinates, and genetically modified soybeans will not germinate, only individual expansion. In addition, non-GMO soy for oval shape, a little flat. Bean cord is light brown. Beans of different sizes, soy milk is creamy white. Genetically modified soybean for the round, full, and bean navel is yellow or yellow-brown, size, soy milk is a bit yellow.
Germination is not genetically modified soybeans?
Soybean germination or not has nothing to do with genetically modified
Institute of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University Associate Professor Yi Zhu told reporters that soybeans won't germinate, nothing to do with genetically modified, but have to do with storage conditions, the survival status of soybean, genetically modified soybeans can be sprouted and germination rate of soybean high or 50%, so "do not sprout does not mean GM."
As regards the shape of the soybean, bean cord colors, Shanghai institutes for biological sciences, Dr snow said soybean variety resource in China is very rich color depth is only one performance characteristic of soybean varieties, black, Brown, yellow, white, and is not linked to genetically modified soybean. Brown bean cord in China itself has a lot of variety, like "Gan Dou 6th", "Golden soybeans 626", "Sandy Bay and black cord bean", is this kind of color, color characteristics determine soybean is genetically modified is wide of the mark.
Similarly, different species have different patterns of soybean seed size. In addition, the regulations concerning the import of genetically modified soybeans in China's purpose is to feed and oil mills, should not and will not appear on the market full of genetically modified soybeans.
Rumor 2
Non-GM potatoes look like ugly, color depth, the surface is pitted, peeled surfaces quickly become darker in color, skin is white. While the transgenic potatoes are smooth surface, potholes are so shallow, color lighter, no clear change on surface after peeling.
Potato peeler do not change color is genetically modified?
Do not change color characteristics of non-GM potatoes
Zhu Yi and snow stressed that the GM potatoes did not achieve the commercial cultivation in our country, we do not give any GM potatoes issued security clearance, also did not approve the import of genetically modified potatoes used for processing raw materials, so that "the market just can't see, can't buy a so-called transgenic potato."
So why do potato Peel will turn black after that? Snow told reporters, mainly after the cut potatoes, cells are damaged, polyphenols contained in oxygen is oxidized by polyphenol oxidase, thus producing a black or brown pigmentation, this is called oxidative Browning reaction of potato, but also with the potatoes planted after the storage condition, cut the relationship between temperature and time.
According to Blizzard introduced, there are two kinds of transgenic potatoes was currently the world market, but they are not designed to prevent Browning. As early as 1995, Japan through conventional breeding to produce easy Browning of potato, potato peeler is not black, not characteristics of the transgenic potatoes.
Someone also questioned the foreign fast food fries used a genetically modified potato, Huang Dafang, a researcher at the Institute of the Chinese Academy of agricultural sciences of biological technology made clear that no genetically modified potatoes produced in China, even the United States potato, are not genetically modified, in recent years, while in the EU, genetically modified potatoes are not for eating, it is used for processing starch.
Rumours 3
Carrots only during the winter season, summer is usually genetically modified. Non-transgenic carrot uneven surface, not quite straight, from head to tail is from coarse to fine, the head is protruding outward. Genetically modified carrots surface smooth, usually straight, tail is thicker in the Middle than at times, head inset.
Summer carrot for GM?
There is no genetically modified carrot varieties
3 experts said that currently there is no commercial planting of genetically modified carrots all over the world, our country has no import licensing for transgenic carrot.
Declaring that "carrot in summer are generally genetically modified" is kind of ridiculous. Shanghai institutes for biological sciences, Dr snow said carrot traditionally does more in the summer and autumn sowing, when the winter harvest, but there is lots of carrot varieties for spring sowing summer-season cultivation in order to meet market demand. The so-called "tail is thicker in the Middle than sometimes" variety, is actually the common cylindrical-shaped carrots.
Talk 4
Genetically modified rice in China legal right to planting areas were Hubei, caution is long and thin, looks good, is very bright m; China secretly in rice genetic transformation for some years, non-genetically modified rice is generally irregular, small.
Looks good and thin rice is genetically modified?
Rice look bad real bad
Huang Dafang introduced, the Ministry of agriculture carried out safety evaluation of transgenic rice in Hubei Province, had not been approved by planting rights, so they made no commercial cultivation.
"Thin and light" rice is safe? Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai institutes for biological sciences Dr she said, our common rice japonica and Indica rice, Indica rice which is thin, thin, famous Yangzhou fried rice with rice to Indica rice, rice used in Southeast Asian dishes, basic is rice. In addition, the glossiness of the rice itself, due to the nature of the endosperm and rice milling process varies.
In addition, looks bad, is not very neat, small's "natural rice" argument, is on commercial rice production processes do not understand, graded for rice in China, those that did not grow well, irregular rice tend to belong to the lower-grade rice.
Rumours 5
Traditional corn is yellow corn, white corn, slightly sweet taste, there is a popular sweet corn, sweetness is very high, are genetically modified.
Sweet corn is genetically modified?
Genetically modified corn sweetness and has nothing to do
Huang Dafang, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Academy of agricultural sciences biotechnology told Xinhua that approved imports of genetically modified maize varieties in China, but these are only used as feed, do not eat genetically modified food directly, while domestic GM maize is still in the research phase, sweet corn is not sweet, has nothing to do with genetically modified.
Talk 6
Transgenic red tomatoes colors look good, hard fruit, not cracking, small tomatoes on the market are genetically modified.
Tomato color red size small is genetically modified?
Small is indeed a hybrid tomato varieties
Institute of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University Associate Professor Zhu Yi said, do not need GM technology, tomatoes can make this work. Tomatoes are actually hybrids to the core, not genetically modified products. "Natural plant is shape, color and diverse, hybrids between various tomato varieties, can be produced in different colors, different sizes the tomatoes to" normal, "and GM don't get".
Huang Dafang, highlights, despite the approval of the import of genetically modified tomatoes, but did not actually enter the Chinese market, tomatoes are not commercially grown in the country.
Reminder
Papaya in the market for genetically modified
Huang Dafang, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Academy of agricultural sciences biotechnology, food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University College Associate Professor Zhu Yi, "said papaya is one of currently consumers have real access to genetically modified foods", are overwhelmingly genetically modified papaya varieties on the market, it is transferred to the ringspot virus-resistant gene.
Zhu Yi, papaya ringspot virus is devastating disasters, almost all transgenic techniques to be used to fight this virus, so papaya resistant. Imported papayas, you can see the label on the PIU coding, beginning with 8 on behalf of GM. However, Zhu Yi said that this code is not mandatory, only a recommended code, logo, while others are not, but because of widespread planting genetically modified papaya the world, even if it did not begin with 8 code of imported papaya, could also be genetically modified varieties.
This version of the article/Beijing News reporter Liao Ailing
(Original title: shape identify genetically modified "is simply bluff")
转基因大豆不发芽、夏季产的胡萝卜是转基因、转基因的土豆削皮后不变黑、细长又很亮的大米值得警惕……近日，不少关于如何通过外形辨别转基因作物的文章在网上风传。
仅仅看这些外观形状，真的就能识别转基因吗，究竟什么样的食品才是转基因？昨日，多位专家表示，这些凭借外形辨别转基因的方法，缺乏科学依据，并不靠谱。
“那些辨别方法纯粹是忽悠。”中国农业科学院生物技术研究所研究员黄大昉昨晚明确表示，消费者真正现在能接触到的转基因食品，主要就是木瓜、大豆油以及一些转基因大豆做的调和油，其他诸如土豆、大米、玉米、西红柿，都不是转基因，消费者在市场上也是买不到的。
中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院副教授朱毅称，按照《农业转基因生物标识管理办法》规定，我国已有5类17种在售转基因生物被列入转基因标识目录，这些都需要在外包装上标识出来，比如转基因大豆油、油菜子油、含转基因成分的调和油等，消费者在购买时查询标签上的文字，即可鉴别。
黄大昉强调，凡是经过严格科学评价、依法审批的转基因植物作物和食品，和非转基因产品是一样安全的。
传言1
本土大豆用水浸泡三天会发芽，而转基因大豆则不会发芽，只不过是个体膨胀而已。此外，非转基因大豆为椭圆形状，有点扁。豆脐为浅褐色。豆大小不一，豆浆为乳白色。转基因大豆为圆形，滚圆，豆脐为黄色或黄褐色，大小差不多，豆浆有点黄。
不发芽的就是转基因大豆？
大豆发芽与否与转基因无关
中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院副教授朱毅告诉记者，大豆发不发芽，跟转基因没有关系，而是跟大豆的储存条件、成活状态等有关系，转基因大豆也是可以发芽的，而且大豆的发芽率最高也就是50%，所以“不发芽不等于是转基因”。
至于大豆的形状、豆脐的颜色，中科院上海生命科学研究院博士飞雪表示，我国的大豆品种资源十分丰富，颜色深浅只是大豆品种特征的一个表现，有黑色、褐色、黄色、白色，与是否为转基因大豆没有必然联系。比如拿褐色豆脐来说，在我国本身就有很多品种，像“赣豆6号”、“金大豆626”、“沙湾黑脐豆”，都是这类颜色，用颜色特征判定大豆是不是转基因是不靠谱的。
同样，不同品种的大豆籽粒大小形态也具有差异。另外，进口转基因大豆在我国的规定用途是饲料和榨油，市场上不应也不会出现完整的转基因大豆。
传言2
非转基因土豆的样子比较难看，颜色比较深，表面坑坑洼洼，削皮之后表面很快会颜色变深，皮内为白色。而转基因土豆则表面光滑，坑坑洼洼很浅，颜色较淡，削皮之后表面无明显变化。
土豆削皮不变色是转基因？
不变色非转基因土豆特征
朱毅和飞雪都强调指出，转基因土豆在我国并没有实现商业化种植，我国现在并没有给任何转基因土豆颁发安全许可，也没有批准进口转基因土豆用作加工原料，因此“市面上根本就看不到、也买不到所谓转基因土豆的”。
那么土豆为啥在削皮后会变黑呢？飞雪告诉记者，这主要是土豆切开后，细胞被破坏，含有的多酚类物质在氧气中被多酚氧化酶所氧化，因而产生黑色或褐色的色素沉淀，这叫土豆的氧化褐变反应，而且还与土豆种植储藏条件、切开后所处的温度和时间有关系。
据飞雪介绍，目前世界范围内有两种转基因土豆被投入市场，但都不是为了防止褐变。而早在1995年，日本就通过传统育种培育出了不易褐变的土豆，因此土豆削皮不变黑，并不是转基因土豆的特征。
有人还质疑洋快餐的薯条用的是转基因土豆，对此中国农业科学院生物技术研究所研究员黄大昉明确表示，在中国生产的没有转基因土豆，即便是美国土豆，近几年也不是转基因的，而在欧盟，转基因土豆不是用来吃的，主要用来加工淀粉。
传言3
胡萝卜只有在秋冬季节有，夏季的一般是转基因的。非转基因胡萝卜表面凹凸不平，不太直，从头部到尾部是从粗到细的，头部是往外凸出。转基因胡萝卜表面较光滑，一般是直的，尾部有时比中间还粗，头部往内凹。
夏季胡萝卜多为转基因？
胡萝卜尚无转基因品种
3位专家均表示，目前全世界都就没有商业化种植的转基因胡萝卜，我国也没有对转基因胡萝卜的进口许可。
至于宣称“夏季胡萝卜一般都是转基因”更是有些荒谬。中科院上海生命科学研究院博士飞雪称，胡萝卜在传统上的确多在夏秋播种，秋冬时收获，但目前很多胡萝卜品种也都可以进行春播夏收的反季节栽培，以满足市场需求。而所谓“尾部有时比中间还粗”的品种，实际上就是普通的圆柱形根形的胡萝卜。
传言4
在中国取得转基因大米合法种植权的地区是湖北，要警惕细长的、长得好的、很亮的米；水稻转基因中国偷偷搞了好几年，非转基因大米一般是不整齐、个头小。
长相好细长大米是转基因？
大米外形不好实因等级差
黄大昉介绍，农业部给湖北的转基因水稻只是进行了安全性评价，并没有批准种植权，所以尚未商业化种植。
那么“细长又亮”的大米安全吗？中科院上海生命科学研究院博士飞雪说，我国常见水稻主要分粳稻和籼稻，其中籼稻就是细长较瘦，著名的扬州炒饭所用米就以籼米为佳，东南亚菜肴中所采用的大米，基本也都是籼稻。另外，大米本身的光泽度，由于胚乳性质及碾米过程不同而不同。
另外，长得不好、长得不整齐、个头小才是“天然大米”的说法，是对商品化大米生产过程不了解，我国对大米分等级，那些长得不好、不整齐的大米其实往往是属于等级较低的大米。
传言5
传统玉米一般就是黄玉米、白玉米，略带甜味，现在流行的甜玉米，甜度非常高，无疑是转基因。
甜玉米是转基因？
玉米甜度与转基因无关
中国农业科学院生物技术研究所研究员黄大昉告诉记者，我国虽然批准了进口转基因玉米品种，但这些只是用来作为饲料，并不是直接吃的转基因食品，而国内转基因玉米还处于研究阶段，所以无论玉米甜不甜，与转基因没关系。
传言6
转基因西红柿一般颜色鲜红好看，果实较硬，不易裂果，市场上的小西红柿多是转基因。
西红柿颜色鲜红个头小是转基因？
小西红柿实为杂交品种
中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院副教授朱毅表示，不需要转基因技术，西红柿就可以达到这种效果。小西红柿其实是地地道道的杂交品种，并不是转基因产品。“天然植物本来就是形状颜色多样的，把各种番茄品种之间互相杂交，就能育出不同颜色、不同大小的番茄来”，很正常，“和转基因不挨边”。
黄大昉则介绍，我国尽管批准了进口转基因番茄，但实际上并没有进入中国市场，国内西红柿也没有实现商业化种植。
提醒
市面上木瓜多为转基因
中国农业科学院生物技术研究所研究员黄大昉、中国农大食品科学与营养工程学院副教授朱毅都表示，“木瓜是目前消费者真正接触到的转基因食品之一”，市面上的木瓜绝大多数是转基因品种，它转入的是抗环斑病毒基因。
朱毅称，环斑病毒对于木瓜是毁灭性的灾害，几乎都要用到转基因技术来抗击这个病毒，让木瓜产生抗性。对于进口木瓜，可以看其标签上的PIU编码，以8为开头就代表是转基因。不过，朱毅表示，这个编码不是强制的，只是一个推荐性编码，有的会标，有的则未必标，不过由于转基因木瓜全世界范围内普遍种植，即使没有以8开头编码的进口木瓜，也可能是转基因品种。
本版采写/新京报记者 廖爱玲
（原标题：凭外形辨转基因“纯粹是忽悠”）
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