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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/28 8:39:40 State Administration of Grain ：Do not underestimate the risk of food safety
"Food security should not be underestimated risks still exist"
--Interview, Party Secretary and Secretary for national food Ren Zhengxiao
Chinese food is expected to achieve even a bumper harvest this year. Analysis on current supply and demand situation of grain and other agricultural products, on the whole, "basic balance between total, structural shortage". Ren Zhengxiao noted that Chinese used less of the world's arable land to feed the world more than 9% people, this is a very great achievement. But to see that China's arable land, water resources and the environment is in a State of tension, food security remains the risk should not be underestimated
Correspondent/Wang Quanbao
Food is all over this. For nearly 10 years, Central 1th, stick to the agriculture and food themes, 18 Party Congress report also made it clear that ensuring national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products.
As the head of the Department in charge of food, Party Secretary and Secretary for national food Ren Zhengxiao aware of the heavy responsibilities. "Keep keep ' world granary ' top priority is fundamental to people's livelihood. Jobs must be firmly in the port into their own hands, do a wide plot of grain, food-good food, good product accumulation three articles. "Ren Zhengxiao said.
In March 2012, Ren Zhengxiao served as food, Party Secretary and Director of the Office of the country. On November 18, 2013, Ren Zhengxiao accepted an exclusive interview with the China News weekly, on social concerns such as food security describes the situation and expressed their opinion on the topics.
China News weekly: according to forecasts, China's grain production this year is expected to be a bumper harvest, would you please introduce grain so far this year.
Ren Zhengxiao: it can be said that the good situation of China's grain harvest this year is difficult because in order to protect the interests of grain farmers, food markets and prices basically stable, the State has started in some major grain-producing areas of wheat, rice, late rice in the minimum purchase price plan.
Food sector at all levels seriously organize acquisition policy, and actively guide enterprises ' independent acquisitions. At the end of October, all kinds of food enterprises to purchase storage 559.1 billion pounds, how storage 79.1 billion pounds over the same period a year earlier. Among them, the wheat 153.8 billion pounds, compared with a year earlier level; early Indica rice 26.3 billion pounds, compared with an increase of 3.3 billion pounds; late Indica rice 69.3 billion pounds, compared to an increase of 9.7 billion pounds. In the total amount of grain storage, support the market at the minimum purchase price to acquire up to 99.6 billion kilograms of grain, than the increase of 46.8 billion pounds a year earlier.
China Newsweek: food in China is expected to achieve "ten even harvest", but people are concerned about food safety issues are still very.
Ren Zhengxiao: over the past decade, successive good harvests of grain in China, supply of grain and other agricultural products, in General, in the "basic balance between total, structural shortage" situation.
Currently more than offset the balance of corn, rice, wheat, soybean oil, such as dependence on foreign higher. Much less people are China's basic national conditions, we use less than third of the farmland in the world 9% of the world's population, this is a very great achievement. But see, arable land, fresh water resources and environment in China all these years are stretched very tight, food security remains the risk should not be underestimated.
Build a well-off society in the process, as the population continues to increase and the proportion of urban population increase, the total income increased China's demand for grain will grow rigid. While the food has been suffering from increasing production in China, but "the Fed" situation has not fundamentally changed. Particularly on the higher base continued to increase, the difficulty will grow, little slip could occur from plus to minus, "turning point".
Current global food resources relatively abundant, but our food consumption accounted for one-fourth of the world, which is equivalent to twice times the volume of global trade in food. There are more than 900 million people around the world under severe food shortages, hopes that rely on imports to protect China's food security is not realistic, China can do something based on the domestic food self-sufficiency, food security cannot loose the string any time.
China News weekly: from food safety point of view, the grain circulation area, what are the questions?
Ren Zhengxiao: in fact, over the years, especially since the 2004 reform of the grain distribution, food circulation has been a great deal of development. Through market-oriented reforms on the one hand to guide grain circulation, through national policies to actively regulate the market, farmers sell grain receipts gradually increased and on expanding grain circulation channels, market prosperity, food inspection and testing make, consumers can easily buy the variety, the quality and safety of food.
But we've also seen this one does still exist some prominent problems affecting the development of grain circulation.
Is a provincial Governor in charge of food security were not fully implemented. In the context of food has been suffering from increasing production in some places, food safety awareness fades, ease food production, weaken the grain circulation works to ensure regional food security, the responsibility for maintaining national food security is still not fully implemented.
B is the base grain circulation system is still relatively weak. Spanned across province grain logistics "bottleneck" no breakthroughs, poor food distribution channels, transport modes backward, high cost, low efficiency circulation. Grain purchasing and supply network facilities is relatively old, unsound, especially major grain-producing regions such as Northeast container gaps. Some local disaster emergency supply capacity is still very fragile.
Third, the food industry was not a particularly strong. Primary state-owned grain enterprises of small, scattered, weak there is no fundamental change, industrial chain is short, poor asset quality, loan financing problems are widespread. Grain and oil processing industry structure and layout of unreasonable processing capacity at the beginning, technological innovation is not strong, low levels of processing and by-products utilization.
Four is a serious waste of grain postproduction losses. According to the survey estimates, due to poor household grain storage facilities, excessive processing and grain handling and transportation spills left behind, because of the extensive processing, food caused losses of more than 70 billion pounds a year, consumption of food waste is shocking.
These issues stacking intertwined, and directly endanger the food security, restricting the food circulation industry in the sustained and healthy development, we must attach great importance to be addressed seriously.
China News weekly: in recent years, food imports have been expanding in China. Some scholars believe that food imports for this expansion has not brought substantial damage to national food security, and advocated a more open international markets, what do you think about this problem?
Ren Zhengxiao: XI Jinping, General Secretary stressed that "to hold onto his job ends firmly in their own hands," "food security will be on your own" was to highlight in a great country like ours must always adhere to the base, the basic food self-sufficiency in the country, firmly grasp the food market and regulatory initiatives.
From the perspective of data in recent years, despite the yearly increase in the number of food imports, but small share of grain imports in the production, imports accounted for cereal production in the year of 2012 2.6%, grains such as corn, wheat and rice varieties do not form a dependence on imports, but soybeans higher dependence on foreign.
Exclusive reliance on food imports to address the domestic market supply, not only damaging the interests of farmers, and will have a significant impact on the market. For example, since the second half of last year, as the number of rice imports continued to increase and spread of the expansion, the domestic rice market in particular Indica rice market in a larger impact in the South. Not only exacerbated the domestic rice market prices have tumbled, farmers sold grain receipts, and further exacerbate the domestic market "rice top m weakly" situations, severe impact on rice processing enterprises.
Therefore, we must insist on the major food varieties based on domestic security to basic subsistence, actively develop domestic food production, reduce the loss of grain circulation and consumption-related waste, rational use of import and export regulation and supplement domestic food supply and promote basic balance between the domestic grain supply and demand.
China News weekly: how to guarantee China's food security, there have been various controversies. You have stressed the need to use "bottom line thinking" approach, to ensure national food security. Whether further explanations "bottom line mentality"?
Ren Zhengxiao: I said "bottom line mentality" is known to be from bad preparation, striving for the best results. From the grain circulation works to safeguard grain security bottom line thinking consists of two aspects: firstly, to hold the bottom line. Grain circulation Setup with a producer, a consumer, do a grain and food security were key links of the food circulation and fundamental duties, protect the interests of farmers and consumers, is our mission. We have to gear up "kind of food you sell, eat grain are" work as a grain circulation "bottom line goals", farmers must not be allowed to happen "the grain reserves" will not permit the food supply of stock discontinued.
Second, the bottom line thinking is not reconciled to the bottom line, but to maintain the bottom line on the basis of the positive. Since last year, we make use of bottom-line thinking methods, raised grain purchasing and supply safety and security project, namely "food security project", is to hold the "bottom-line goal" basis, with a high sense of responsibility and mission, grain distribution, hold the handle "granary of the world".
China News week: round 18 in the report "new four modernizations" to hold handle "granary of the world" to ensure food security, as food authorities how to co-ordinate food develop?
Ren Zhengxiao: around the "new four modernizations", in the course of future development of new towns, I personally consider it necessary to keep the red line, the development of grain production, ensure the supply of grain and other major agricultural products effective, firmly grasp the food security initiative.
One is to protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of grain production. Increase grain investment, establish a major benefit compensation mechanism, further increasing the financial transfer payment to major grain-producing areas, and large commodity grain base, focus on the main producing areas into food warehousing and distribution facilities, food processing and other fields.
Second is to perfect the grain reserve system, perfecting the grain macro-control mechanism. Strengthening the construction of perpendicular to the Central grain reserves management system, strictly implement the related management systems.
Three innovative institutional mechanisms for the food business. Grain enterprises to adapt to changes in food production and food production, management and organization innovations, actively involved in food production and services, through means such as land into agriculture, United farmers, production, purchase, processing and sale of construction management pattern of the entire value chain. Active service of the cereal, the family farm, the development of large-scale production and industrial management.
Four to speed up implementation of the "food security project" to raise grain purchasing and supply capacity.
Five is to advocate science and health spending for food savings diminished. ★
“粮食安全仍存在不可低估的风险”
——专访国家粮食局党组书记、局长任正晓
中国粮食今年有望实现十连丰收。分析当前粮食等农产品供需情况，总体上处于“总量基本平衡、结构性紧缺”。任正晓指出，中国用不到世界9%的耕地养活了世界20%多的人口，这是非常了不起的成绩。但也要看到，当前中国耕地、淡水资源和环境问题都处于紧绷状态，粮食安全仍存在不可低估的风险
本刊记者/王全宝
粮食是安天下之本。近10年来，中央1号文件内容一直紧扣农业和粮食主题，中共十八大报告更是明确提出，确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给。
作为粮食主管部门的负责人，国家粮食局党组书记、局长任正晓深知责任重大。“守住管好‘天下粮仓’是国运民生的头等大事。必须把饭碗牢牢地端在自己手中，做好广积粮、积好粮、好积粮三篇文章。”任正晓说。
2012年3月，任正晓出任国家粮食局党组书记、局长。2013年11月18日，任正晓接受了《中国新闻周刊》的专访，就粮食安全等社会关注的话题介绍有关情况并发表了自己的看法。
中国新闻周刊：据有关方面预测，今年我国粮食生产有望再获丰收，请你介绍一下今年以来粮食收购情况。
任正晓：可以说，今年我国粮食再获丰收的好形势来之不易，为了保护种粮农民利益、保证粮食市场和价格的基本稳定，国家先后在部分主产区启动小麦、早籼稻、中晚籼稻最低收购价预案。
各级粮食部门认真组织政策性收购，积极引导企业自主收购。到10月底，全国各类粮食企业共收购入库粮食5591亿斤，比上年同期多入库791亿斤。其中，小麦1538亿斤，与上年同期基本持平；早籼稻263亿斤，比上年同期增加33亿斤；中晚籼稻693亿斤，比上年同期增加97亿斤。在粮食收购入库总量中，按最低收购价托市收购的粮食达996亿斤，比上年同期增加468亿斤。
中国新闻周刊：我国粮食有望实现“十连丰收”，但人们对于粮食安全问题仍然十分关注。
任正晓：近十年来，我国粮食连年丰收，粮食等农产品供需总体上处于“总量基本平衡、结构性紧缺”的状况。
目前玉米、稻谷、小麦均平衡有余，大豆等油料对外依存度较高。人多地少是我国的基本国情，我们用不到世界9%的耕地养活了世界20%多的人口，这是非常了不起的成绩。但也要看到，这些年我国耕地、淡水资源和环境都绷得很紧，粮食安全仍存在不可低估的风险。
在全面建成小康社会进程中，随着人口总量持续增加、城镇人口比重上升、居民收入水平普遍提高，我国对粮食的需求将呈刚性增长。虽然我国粮食连年增产，但“靠天吃饭”的局面还未根本改变。特别是在高基数上继续增产，难度将越来越大，稍有闪失就有可能出现由增到减的“拐点”。
当前全球粮食资源比较充裕，但我国粮食消费量约占世界的1/4，相当于全球粮食贸易量的2倍。在全球还有9亿多人严重缺粮的情况下，寄希望于依靠进口保障我国粮食安全是不现实的，中国只能坚持立足国内实现粮食基本自给，粮食安全这根弦任何时候都不能松。
中国新闻周刊：从影响粮食安全角度来看，粮食流通领域还存在哪些问题？
任正晓：实际上，这些年，尤其是2004年粮食流通体制改革以来，粮食流通工作取得了很大的发展。一方面通过市场化改革引导粮食流通，同时通过国家政策积极调控市场，农民卖粮收益逐步提高；另一方面粮食流通渠道不断拓宽，市场繁荣，粮食检验检测水平不断提高，消费者能便捷地购买到品种丰富、品质安全的粮食。
但我们也看到这其中确实仍然存在一些突出问题，影响粮食流通工作的发展。
一是粮食安全省长负责制没有完全落实。一些地方在粮食连年增产的形势下，粮食安全的意识淡化，放松粮食生产，削弱粮食流通工作，保障区域粮食安全、维护国家粮食安全的责任还没有完全落到实处。
二是粮食流通基础还比较薄弱。跨省跨区粮食物流“瓶颈”没有突破，粮食流通渠道不畅，运输方式落后，流通成本高、效率低。主产区粮食收储设施还比较陈旧、供应网络不够健全，特别是东北等粮食主产区仓容缺口大。一些地方应灾应急供应能力还很脆弱。
三是粮食产业实力不强。基层国有粮食企业小、散、弱的状况没有根本改变，产业链条短、资产质量差、贷款融资难的问题普遍存在。粮油加工业结构和布局不尽合理，初加工产能过剩，科技创新能力不强，深加工和副产物综合利用水平低。
四是粮食产后损失浪费严重。据调查测算，由于农户家庭储粮设施简陋、粮食装卸运输抛洒遗留、过度加工和粗放加工，每年造成的粮食损失在700亿斤以上，消费领域的粮食浪费更是触目惊心。
这些问题叠加交织，直接危及国家粮食安全，制约粮食流通产业持续健康发展，我们必须高度重视，认真加以解决。
中国新闻周刊：近年来，中国粮食进口规模不断扩大。对此有学者认为粮食进口规模扩大并没有带来对国家粮食安全的实质损害，于是主张应更加开放国际市场，你如何看待这个问题？
任正晓： 习近平总书记强调“要把饭碗牢牢端在自己手里”“粮食安全要靠自己”，就是强调在我们这样的泱泱大国，必须始终坚持立足国内、保证粮食基本自给，要牢牢掌握粮食市场和调控的主动权。
从近几年的数据看，尽管我国粮食进口数量逐年增加，但谷物进口量占产量的比重较小，2012年的进口量约占当年谷物产量的2.6%，玉米、小麦、大米等谷物品种都未形成对进口的依赖，只是大豆对外依存度较高。
单纯依赖进口粮食解决国内市场供应，不仅损害农民利益，而且对市场会产生很大冲击。例如：去年下半年以来，随着进口大米数量的持续增加和价差的扩大，对国内大米市场特别是南方籼米市场带来的较大冲击。不仅加剧了国内稻谷市场价格持续下滑，影响农民的售粮收益，而且进一步加剧国内市场“稻强米弱”局面，对大米加工企业带来严重冲击。
因此，我们必须坚持主要粮食品种立足国内保障基本自给，积极发展国内粮食生产，减少粮食流通和消费环节的损失浪费，合理利用进出口调剂和补充国内粮食供给，促进国内粮食供求基本平衡。
中国新闻周刊：如何保障中国粮食安全，社会上一直有各种争论。你曾强调要运用“底线思维”的方法，确保国家粮食安全。能否进一步解释“底线思维”？
任正晓：我所说的“底线思维”就是凡事要从坏处准备，努力争取最好的结果。 从粮食流通工作来说，保障粮食安全的底线思维包括两个方面：首先，要守住底线。粮食流通工作一头连着生产者，一头连着消费者，抓好粮食收购和保障粮食供应是粮食流通工作的关键环节和基本职责，保护种粮农民和消费者的利益是我们的使命所在。我们提出以全力保障“种粮卖得出、吃粮买得到”作为粮食流通工作的“底线目标”，绝不允许发生农民“卖粮难”，绝不允许出现粮食供应脱销断档。
其次，底线思维不是只安于底线，而是要在稳守底线的基础上积极作为。去年以来，我们运用底线思维的方法，提出实施粮食收储和供应安全保障工程，即“粮安工程”，就是要在守住“底线目标”的基础上，以更高的责任感和使命感，做好粮食流通各项工作，守住管好“天下粮仓”。
中国新闻周刊：围绕十八大报告中提出的“新四化”，要守住管好“天下粮仓”，确保粮食安全，作为粮食的主管部门应该如何统筹粮食发展？
任正晓：围绕“新四化”，在未来新型城镇化发展过程中，我个人认为必须守住耕地红线，发展粮食生产，确保粮食等重要农产品有效供给，牢牢把握粮食安全的主动权。
一是保护和调动主产区粮食生产积极性。加大对粮食主产区投入力度，建立主产区利益补偿机制，进一步加大对粮食主产区的财政转移支付力度，重点投向主产区的大型商品粮基地、粮食仓储和流通设施、粮食加工转化等领域。
二是完善粮食储备体系，健全粮食宏观调控机制。加强中央储备粮垂直管理体系建设，严格落实相关管理制度。
三是创新粮食经营体制机制。粮食企业要适应粮食生产方式的变革和粮食生产经营组织的创新，主动参与和服务粮食生产，通过土地流转等方式，融入农业、联合农户，构建生产、收购、加工、销售的全产业链经营模式。主动服务种粮大户、家庭农场，发展规模化生产、产业化经营。
四是加快实施“粮安工程”，提高粮食收储供应保障能力。
五是倡导科学健康消费，促进粮食节约减损。 ★
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