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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/30 9:37:42 Media interpreting why Huang qifan， Li Hongzhong in the speech in the plenary session
Chongqing more reform takes into
Zhou Yuanzheng
Huang qifan, 2001 out of Yangtze River in Shanghai, came to Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, went for 12 years. In one of the 18 members of the third plenary session of the drafting group, Deputy Chairman of the Center for international economic exchanges, Zheng xinli, Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the CPPCC, "Shanghai to Chongqing Huang qifan, maximum support is sent to the".
Proclaim group members at the center of recent publication, Huang qifan, Mayor of Chongqing and Hubei provincial party Secretary Li Hongzhong became one of only two places. On November 25, the third plenary session of one of the members of the drafting group in Chongqing Huang qifan, to proclaim as a member of the Central presentation reports.
2012 "thin King incident" following the outbreak in Chongqing Huang qifan, a series of reform was also questioned, Chongqing exploration seems to go to a dead end. However, with Huang qifan, the access to plenary session the drafting group, become members of the central mission of preaching, Chongqing's reform has again been the Central affirmation.
Participated in the drafting of
"I wonder why reform 60, many similarities exist with Chongqing practice. "On November 25, a district of Chongqing, an official of the China business, said," Huang qifan, participation in the plenary session of the drafting. ”
As of press time, the third plenary session of the drafting group complete list has not been made public. But the decision came out, some businessmen involved in drafting, including Zheng xinli, Chinese Academy of social sciences and academician Zhang Zhuoyuan, disclosed some information. On April 24, participation in the plenary session held more than 60 members of the drafting of the decision of the first plenary meeting and in the next 200 days, the drafting group held a number of plenary sessions; outside the plenary meeting, the drafting group members are divided into different groups for group discussion, Zheng xinli, and Huang qifan wedges in a group; and after a long discussion, Zheng xinli in Chongqing Huang qifan, the implementation of land policy is respected.
After the decision came out, Central decided to set up a central preaching mission. The central mission of preaching by the Central propaganda Department, in conjunction with relevant Central Government departments, a total of 28 members, including the Central Organisation Department Vice Minister Xi Chen, Jiang Daming, the Ministry of land and resources Minister, Li Hongzhong, Huang qifan, Zheng xinli, etc.
In this list, Huang qifan, and only two Li Hongzhong was a full Ministry.
On November 22, the Central first report will be preaching Mission in Beijing. On November 25, the first report will be held in Chongqing Huang qifan, deepen economic restructuring, promoting reforms in the area of political, cultural, social and ecological civilization, strengthen and improve the party's leadership to deepen reform and other aspects of interpretation.
Chongqing to explore to continue
Luo Zhongwei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of social sciences, "said Huang qifan, Li Hongzhong and participate in plenary the decision drafted and allow them to become members of the Group of Central sensitization, considered to be central to the ongoing reforms in the Central and Western regions to explore. ”
Exploration on the reform in Chongqing, "land reform" is quite eye-catching bright spot. Chongqing in May 2007 after the State approved as experimental zone for comprehensive supporting reforms in urban and rural areas, in urban and rural land use began to explore. July 2008 in Chongqing by the end of the comprehensive change programme submitted to the relevant ministries of the State Council, apply for a special plan for the establishment of rural land exchange, explore the establishment of unified urban and rural areas of the land market.
Hopefully in violation of State land-use control in Chongqing, does not make use of collective-owned construction land for real estate development under the rural construction land and cultivated land and forest land through various forms such as "flow". The programme support at the country level, and to put into practice.
"Chongqing" transaction consists of rural housing land and its associated land, including land for town and township enterprises, public facilities in rural areas and rural welfare of rural collective construction land, reclamation and land management departments after stringent after acceptance of the resulting indicator. Acquired enterprise "votes" and could be included in the new construction plan, a similar increase in the number of urban construction land. Abandoned rural township enterprises, will be able to pass this form of reclamation through an access to "vote", and then get the main city "honoured".
Following this reform experiment came out aroused wide attention both at home and abroad, are considered major exploratory experiment of land reform in China. Publicly available data shows that from 2008 to 2012, Chongqing "votes" annual volume of 1100 acres respectively, and 22,300, 52,900 12,400 acres, 22200 Mu Mu Mu, 2013 deal 7,400 acres, trading volume for the year is expected around 20,000 acres. According to the calculations of agriculture in Chongqing, Chongqing transfer 10 million farmers into the city if the next 10 years, in theory, after exiting the land reclamation, could create 2.5 million acres of "vote".
Because "thin King incident" occurs, in Chongqing, "land reform" exploration was also questioned. Challenge in a variety of sound, continues to promote the reform of household register system in Chongqing, construction of public rental housing, major tax reform experiment, Pathfinder's determination against pressure did not change in Chongqing.
Huang's reform takes into
Chongqing "land reform" regained their central importance to a certain degree in addition to Huang qifan, had to withstand pressures in other areas, some initiatives may get more attention.
Recently, Huang qifan, the release of the reform perfect equity supplementary mechanism to promote the sustained and healthy development of the Chinese economy's bylined articles, noting that China's economic development structure does not exist, some excess capacity, inefficient use of capital funding issues higher, one outstanding problem is the equity of Chinese enterprises lack of complementary mechanisms of the market, leading to excessive corporate debt. This is a more serious problem than local government debt, the current scale of China's government debt per cent of GDP 40%~50%; enterprise's total liabilities amounted to 70duowanyi Yuan, 130% per cent of GDP share, highest interval in APEC countries, 50%~70% level is higher than the world's mature economies (the United States Government debt levels as high as 110%, but only debt and about 40%).
Huang qifan, believes that 18 of the decision of the third plenary session proposed the development of multi-level capital market, stock registration, equity financing and regulating securities market through multiple channels, consistency in these systems in place, equity market will be fully formed Enterprise replenishment mechanism so that enterprises ' debt down to a reasonable level, and the endogenous driving force for enterprise development, the source of China's economy with the flow.
Huang qifan, suggested that additional investment, stock listing and financing, in addition to corporate profits increase outside equity investment in fixed business, consider equity guidance fund established by the Government (funds), leveraged State-owned capital funds, insurance funds, pension funds, banks, private equity funds, foreign equity participation of various funds, creating a continuous corporate equity market complementary mechanisms.
Thinking on these issues, is based on nearly 20 years in Shanghai, Chongqing Huang qifan, big state-owned enterprise restructuring and listing, ST corporate restructuring, a rural land exchange summary, medicine and many other work.
Chongqing technology and business University Professor Wang Xiumo said: "Li Hongzhong, Huang qifan, the two local officers can enter the central mission of preaching, as well as they can speak, but because they have their own knowledge and literacy, will be three plenary decisions will be better understood. ”
Chongqing economic officials who declined to give his name, said: "on economic development of Chongqing ranked first over the years, as the condition is not good in the Midwest region, to achieve such good results, is to run the economy in Chongqing Huang qifan, inseparable from more than 10 years of hard work. ”
重庆多项改革探索获重视
周远征
2001年黄奇帆离开长江下游的上海，来到长江上游的重庆，一干就是12年。在十八届三中全会起草组成员之一、国际经济交流中心副理事长、全国政协经济委员会副主任郑新立看来，“上海对重庆市最大的支援是送去了黄奇帆”。
在近期公布的中央宣讲组成员中，重庆市市长黄奇帆与湖北省省委书记李鸿忠成为其中仅有的两位地方大员。11月25日，三中全会起草组成员之一的黄奇帆以中央宣讲团成员的身份在重庆做了宣讲报告。
2012年“薄王事件”爆发后，黄奇帆在重庆的一系列改革实践也受到质疑，重庆探索似乎走到死胡同。然而，随着黄奇帆此番进入三中全会起草组，成为中央宣讲团成员，重庆的改革探索再度受到了中央的肯定。
参与起草
“我就纳闷，为什么改革60条很多都与重庆的做法存在相似之处。”11月25日，重庆某区一位官员对《中国经营报》记者说，“原来黄奇帆参与三中全会的起草了。”
截至发稿时，三中全会起草组的完全名单尚未公布。但《决定》出炉后，一些参与起草的经济界人士，包括郑新立、中国社科院学部委员张卓元等已披露了一些情况。4月24日，参与三中全会《决定》起草的60多位成员举行第一次全体会议；而在随后的200天内，起草组举行了多次全体会议；全体会议之外，起草组成员分成不同小组进行分组讨论，其中郑新立和黄奇帆等分在一个小组；而长时间探讨之后，郑新立对黄奇帆在重庆实施的土地政策很推崇。
《决定》出炉以后，中央又决定成立中央宣讲团。此次中央宣讲团由中宣部会同中央有关部门组成，共有28名成员，包括中央组织部常务副部长陈希、国土资源部部长姜大明、李鸿忠、黄奇帆、郑新立等。
在这一名单中，黄奇帆和李鸿忠是仅有的两位正部级地方大员。
11月22日，中央宣讲团在北京开始首场报告会。11月25日，黄奇帆在重庆举行首场报告会，从深化经济体制改革，推进政治、文化、社会和生态文明领域改革，加强和改善党对全面深化改革的领导等方面进行了深入解读。
重庆探索继续
中国社科院工经所研究员罗仲伟表示：“让李鸿忠和黄奇帆参与三中全会《决定》起草，并让他们成为中央宣讲组成员，可视为中央对于中西部地区正在进行的改革探索予以了肯定。”
在重庆的改革探索中，“土改”是颇为抢眼的亮点。2007年5月，重庆被国家批准成为统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区以后，在统筹城乡土地利用方面开始了探索。2008年7月底重庆市报送到国务院有关部委的综改方案中，申请设立农村土地交易所的专项方案，探索建立城乡统一的土地交易市场。
重庆希望在不违反国家土地用途管制、不利用集体建设用地进行房地产开发的前提下，使农村建设用地和耕地、林地等通过各种形式“流转”。该方案得到国家层面的支持，并得以实践。
重庆“地票”交易是指包括农村宅基地及其附属设施用地、乡镇企业用地、农村公共设施和农村公益事业用地等农村集体建设用地，经过复垦并经土地管理部门严格验收后所产生的指标。企业购得的“地票”，可纳入新增建设用地计划，增加相同数量的城镇建设用地。比如一些废弃的远郊乡镇企业用地，就能通过这种形式复垦并通过验收，获得“地票”，然后再拿到主城区“兑现”。
这一改革试验出炉之后，引起国内外广泛关注，被视为中国在土地改革上的重大探索性实验。公开数据显示，2008年至2012年，重庆“地票”年交易量分别为1100亩、1.24万亩、2.22万亩、5.29万亩和2.23万亩，2013年已交易7400亩，预计全年交易量两万亩左右。据重庆市农委计算，如果未来10年重庆有1000万农民转户进城，理论上讲，其退出的宅基地复垦后，就可以形成250万亩“地票”。
由于“薄王事件”发生之后，重庆“土改”探索也受到质疑。在各种质疑声中，重庆依然推动户籍制度改革、公租房建设、房产税等重大改革实验，重庆顶着压力探路的决心并没有改变。
黄氏改革获重视
重庆“土改”在一定程度上重新获得中央重视之外，曾经承受诸多压力的黄奇帆在其他领域的一些举措或许也会得到更多重视。
近日，黄奇帆发表《改革完善企业股本补充机制促进中国经济持续健康发展》的署名文章，指出我国经济发展存在结构不优、部分产能过剩、资本资金使用效率不高等问题，其中一个突出问题就是我国企业股本缺乏市场化的补充机制，致使企业债务过重。这是比地方债更严重的问题，目前我国政府负债规模大体占GDP的40%~50%；企业负债总额达70多万亿元，占GDP比重130%，处于亚太经合组织国家最高区间，也高于世界成熟经济体50%~70%的水平(美国政府负债水平虽然高达110%，但企业负债率只有40%左右)。
黄奇帆认为，十八届三中全会《决定》提出发展多层次资本市场、推行股票注册制、多渠道股权融资和规范债券市场，这些系统措施贯彻落实到位，将全面形成企业股本市场化补充机制，使企业负债降到合理水平，进而形成企业发展的内生动力，使中国经济拥有源源不断的源头活水。
黄奇帆建议，除企业利润追加投资、股票上市融资、全社会创业投资增加企业股本外，可考虑由政府设立股权引导基金(母基金)，撬动国有资本、保险资金、社保资金、银行资金、私募股权基金、外资私募基金等各路资金参与，从而形成持续不断的企业股本市场化补充机制。
对上述问题的思考，是基于黄奇帆近20年来在上海、重庆实施大手笔的国企重组和上市、ST公司重组，建立农村土地交易所、药交所等诸多工作的总结。
重庆工商大学教授王秀模表示：“李鸿忠、黄奇帆这两位地方大员能进入中央宣讲团，不仅是他们能讲，而是在于他们本身具有的知识和素养，可以将三种全会的决定能够更好的让地方理解。”
重庆一位不愿透露姓名的经济部门官员表示：“这些年重庆能在经济发展上名列前茅，作为在中西部条件并不算好的地区，能实现这样的成绩，是与黄奇帆在重庆掌管经济十余年的努力分不开的。”
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