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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/30 9:39:10 Sinopec warned many times pipes zhanya were Shandong， Jiangsu， ignoring
In depth
Pipeline crisis: the neglected "law of oil and gas pipelines"
"11·22" Sinopec East oil pipeline explosion in Wong Conference, Guo Jishan, Deputy Secretary General of the Municipal Government of Qingdao introduced, accidental explosion pipes, up to 11 municipal pipes, pipelines dense, crowded layout. But in his view, the pipe distance of residential areas in line with national "30 m" new regulations.
The China business newspaper reporters learned that of the oil transportation pipeline engineering design specification (GB50253-2003) of buried pipeline built on the ground (frame) minimum spacing requirements of the building, where the product pipeline and crude oil, C5 and C5 above urban residents crowded houses or independent of distance, not less than 15 m. But new provisions is 30 meters.
"Obvious existence of Huangdao planning errors, layout error. "Shenyang chemical described Li Qinglu in an interview with this reporter, an associate professor at the University. He told reporters that the rationale is the inhabitants ' must be separated from the layout of chemical enterprises, are not "30 metres away from" that simple. Even more important is that cross would never allow a variety of tubes and parallel installation at close range. Installation, which is equivalent to a bomb placed next to a bomb.
"Every year, we report to provincial and local governments, said zhanya current pipeline in serious condition, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, but did not receive any reply. "A Sinopec official told reporters that" not only Sinopec, PetroChina, CNOOC has a similar situation. ”
Oil pipeline faces "general crisis"
"In this sort of situation of domestic oil and natural gas pipelines, already quite common, not just in the oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines are also facing such a crisis, Sinopec, is not of such a practice, PetroChina and CNOOC also faces a similar situation. ”
After explosion in Qingdao, Sinopec was accused by many, as of press time, the number of victims of the bombing have reached 55 people. Pipe storage and transportation company party Secretary Tian Yimin, Qian Jianhua, General Manager of pipe storage and transportation branch suspended inspections, Huangdao leaking lines permanently deactivated. Sources said, the company's staff of 7 people, the Qingdao economic and technological development zone 2 persons are under control.
News from Sinopec revealed that East yellow double line pipeline company oil spill occurred. The pipeline into operation in July 1986, 711 mm tube diameter, pipe 248.52 km long, annual oil capacity of 10 million tons.
"In accordance with the designs of the time, the ground was farmland or vegetable, pressure-bearing ability is limited. But with the development of the local economy, now on the ground has been building roads and residential areas. "Such Sinopec told Xinhua, in the process, Sinopec has been trying to communicate with the local government, reaction pipe pressure is too great. In Shandong, Jiangsu and Hubei provinces, have already experienced a similar situation, but because of the development of the local economy, "many Governments turn a blind eye, one eye shut. "Said told reporters.
Pressure changes in the pipe at the same time, local economic development also led to the construction of the original design was changed. "For example, is the city's official website-building beneath the pipeline, during the construction of these, existence of a soil is not tamped, is unclear. "The person said," all in all, the situation in oil and gas pipelines in the country, it is very common, and not just in the oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines are also facing such a crisis, Sinopec, is not of such a practice, PetroChina and CNOOC also faces a similar situation. ”
Face the whole crisis, "problem is inevitable, no problem was a fluke. "The person said.
Li Qinglu analysis, urban sewage pipes and other perennial accumulated methane gas, flammable gases such as methane, when crude-volatilizing gas and convergence in a confined space, easily fire explosion.
People's Republic of China oil gas pipeline protection law under 30th article provides, in pipeline line center line sides the 5 m geographical range within, prohibited planting Arbor, and shrubs, and vine class, and Reed, and bamboo or other roots deep up pipeline laid parts may damaged pipeline anti-requires rot layer of deep root plant and the stacked weights, and emissions corrosion sexual material, and using machinery tool for mining construction, against pipeline security of acts. For residential areas, schools, and other distance also has strict requirements.
On August 1, 2009 up, Shandong province purposes of Shandong province oil gas pipeline protection approach under 12th article further clear provides, design and construction pipeline, should comply with following provides: (a) buried to oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 15 m, gas, and oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 30 m; (ii) ground laying or overhead laying oil pipeline and neighbourhood of security distance shall not less than 30 m, gas, and Oil product pipeline and neighbourhood safety distance shall be not less than 60 meters.
Li Qinglu explained that the intersection of Huangdao petrochemical pipelines within the aspect ratio in the ground floor, while all of its products are corrosive, the prevalence of "run, run, drip, leak" phenomenon, will accelerate the aging of the pipe since. According to him, rise the domestic oil and gas pipeline repair industry. Incomplete statistics, pipe repair companies are about more than more than 50, but overall in the early stages.
According to media reports, since 3 years 2010, public disclosure of oil and gas pipeline accidents in China has as many as dozens of, showing increased momentum. Statistics show that average accident rate for oil and gas pipelines in China 3/1000 km · year, much higher than the United States 0.5 per 1000 kilometers · year and Euro 0.25 per 1000 kilometers · year.
Director Feng Qingshan, PetroChina pipeline company pipeline integrity management Center on this view, long-term oil and gas pipelines through operations, be subjected to external disturbances, corrosion, pipe and construction quality accident of this failure and other reasons, and the active oil and gas pipeline in China has entered a period of accident-prone. He has previously worked in media reports, there are currently entering the peak of the pipeline construction, but about 60% active oil and gas pipeline service for more than 20 years, East pipeline network running for more than 30 years of service. In addition, some 780 in the oil and gas pipelines built in the last century, means that it has been running for nearly 40 years.
"Layout in Huangdao oil pipeline nationwide, is not alone. "Li Qinglu analysis that is particularly prominent in Shandong. He explained that petrochemical base in Shandong province, enterprises are mostly building put into operation after the reform and opening up, in order to reduce the cost, benefit, mainly "concentration"-building around the pipe layout-intensive, Dongying, Zibo, Weifang, and other petrochemical bases are widespread.
Relationship between enterprises and local governments
Drop your perspective illustrates the problem for Sinopec, Xinhua noted, the Qingdao Municipal Government during his first news conference, did not sit together with Sinopec, for Sinopec pipeline explosion of relief there is no definite answer, but "likely Sinopec is to repair" response.
"In fact, enterprises in the area where the status was very low, and there are no right to speak. "One person from Central enterprises, told reporters that" Central enterprises to pay taxes is not part of the local government, also without too much help to improve local employment, local government enthusiasm for enterprises is not high. ”
Reporter understanding to, Sinopec pipeline transportation branch has in September 2011 and September 2012 and Shandong Weifang city EPA and gaomi EPA publishing two times China Petrochemical Corporation East yellow (complex) line, and East Pro line hidden regulation engineering environment information bulletin under, "originally pipeline by Department of suburb now becomes bustling city, buildings numerous, population intensive, part pipeline gradually was zhanya, led to pipeline cannot repair, and maintenance, even some no zhanya of buildings also away from pipeline more near, Pipeline coating overhaul cannot be made. ”
"We are also in a number of important applications on the pipeline maintenance. "Sinopec said to reporters," but the pipeline maintenance is a huge investment, is a corporate-sponsored or Government-funded it? ”
However, apart from the open apology, Sinopec has not explained above.
Big enterprises like PetroChina and Sinopec, relations with local governments is rigid, around 2010, the spate of bombings in Dalian PetroChina.
Feng Qingshan argues that domestic oil and gas pipeline work is still in its "stop-gap" status, you should change the situation as soon as possible, targeted to accident prevention and control, overall planning, systematic design.
纵深
管线之危：被忽略的“油气管道法”
“11·22”中石化东黄输油管道爆炸事故发布会上，青岛市政府副秘书长郭继山介绍，事故爆炸管道处，多达11条市政管道、输油管道密集，布局拥挤。但他认为，管道距离居民小区符合国家“30米”的新规。
《中国经营报》记者了解到，《输油管道工程设计规范》(GB50253—2003)中对埋地输油管道同地面建(构)筑物的最小间距做了规定，其中，原油、C5及C5以上成品油管道与城镇居民点或独立的人群密集的房屋的距离，不宜小于15米。而最新规定是30米。
“黄岛明显存在规划错误、布局错误。”沈阳化工大学副教授李庆禄在接受本报记者采访时介绍。他告诉记者，化工企业布局基本指导思想是与居民必须分开，并不是“相距30米”那样简单。更为重要的是，绝对不允许各种管道交叉及近距离平行安装。如此安装，相当于在一枚炸弹旁边又放了一枚炸弹。
“我们每年都向各省和地方政府递交报告，说目前的管道占压情况严重，尤其是山东、江苏两省，但是没有得到任何回复。”一位中石化管理人士向记者表示，“不仅仅是中石化，中石油、中海油也有类似情况。”
石油管线面临“整体危机”
“这种情况在国内的石油和天然气管线中，已经相当普遍了，不仅仅是石油管道，天然气管道也面临着这样的危机，也不仅仅是中石化有这种情况，中石油和中海油也面临着类似的局面。”
在青岛爆炸事故发生后，中石化受到了众多的指责，截至发稿时，爆炸事件的遇难人数已经达到了55人。管道储运公司党委书记田以民、管道储运分公司总经理钱建华停职检查，黄岛泄漏段线永久停用。有消息称，中石化相关人员7人，青岛经济技术开发区相关人员2人已经被控制。
来自中石化的消息显示，出现原油泄漏的管道系公司东黄复线。该管线1986年7月建成投产，管径711毫米，管道长248.52公里，年输油能力1000万吨。
“按照当时的设计，地面是农田或者菜地，承压能力是有限的。但是随着地方经济的发展，现在，地面上已经建设了道路和居民小区。”上述中石化人士告诉记者，在此过程中，中石化一直试图与地方政府进行沟通，反应管道承压过大。在山东、江苏、湖北等省，都已经出现了类似的情况，但是由于牵涉到地方经济的发展，“很多地方的政府就睁一只眼，闭一只眼。”上述人士向记者表示。
在管道承压改变的同时，地方经济的发展也导致城市建设者对原有设计进行了改变。“比如这次是市政官网建设在输油管线的下面，在这些建设过程中，是否存在土壤未夯实等情况，已经不得而知。”该人士表示，“总之，这种情况在国内的石油和天然气管线中，已经相当普遍了，不仅仅是石油管道，天然气管道也面临着这样的危机，也不仅仅是中石化有这种情况，中石油和中海油也面临着类似的局面。”
面临这样的整体危机，“出问题是必然，不出问题是侥幸。”该人士表示。
李庆禄分析称，城市排污管道等常年积累起沼气、甲烷等易燃气体，当和原油挥发产生的可燃气体汇合，在密闭的空间里，容易起火爆炸。
《中华人民共和国石油天然气管道保护法》第三十条规定，在管道线路中心线两侧各5米地域范围内，禁止种植乔木、灌木、藤类、芦苇、竹子或者其他根系深达管道埋设部位可能损坏管道防要求腐层的深根植物及堆放重物、排放腐蚀性物质、使用机械工具进行挖掘施工等危害管道安全的行为。而对于居民小区、学校等距离也做了严格要求。
2009年8月1日起，山东省施行的《山东省石油天然气管道保护办法》第十二条进一步明确规定，设计和建设管道，应当遵守下列规定：(一)埋地石油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于15米，天然气、成品油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于30米；(二)地面敷设或者架空敷设石油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于30米，天然气、成品油管道与居民区的安全距离不得少于60米。
李庆禄解释，黄岛区内石化输油管道纵横交织于地下地上，同时其所有产品均具有重腐蚀性，普遍存在“跑、冒、滴、漏”现象，如此以来将加速管道的老化。据他介绍，国内的油气管道修复行业因此兴起。据不完全统计，管道修复企业目前约在50余家，但总体处于起步阶段。
据媒体公开报道，自2010年至今3年时间里，国内公开披露的油气管道事故已多达数十起，呈现逐年上升势头。统计数字显示，我国油气管道事故率平均为3次/1000公里·年，远高于美国的0.5次/1000公里·年和欧洲的0.25次/1000公里·年。
中石油管道公司管道完整性管理中心主任冯庆善对此认为，油气管道长期经过运营，会受到外部干扰、腐蚀、管材和施工质量等原因发生失效事故，而目前国内现役油气管道已进入事故多发期。他此前曾在媒体披露，目前国内进入管道建设的高峰期，但现役的油气管道有约60%服役时间超过20年，东部管网服役运行已30多年。此外，部分油气管道建于上世纪七八十年代，意味着其已经运行了近40年。
“黄岛输油管道布局在全国来说，并不是个例。”李庆禄分析称，在山东尤为突出。他解释，山东石化基地、企业大都是在改革开放后建设投产，当时为了减少成本、要效益，主要采取“集中”建设，致使各地管道布局密集，在淄博、潍坊、东营等石油化工基地普遍存在。
央企与地方政府关系
除去中石化用自己的视角阐释问题外，记者注意到，青岛市政府在第一次新闻发布会时，并没有与中石化坐在一起，对中石化管线爆炸事件的救援也没有特别明确的答复，只是用“可能中石化正在抢修”来答复。
“其实，央企在地方的地位非常低，也没有什么话语权。”一位来自央企的人士向记者表示，“央企的纳税不属于地方政府，对改善当地人的就业也没有太多帮助，所以地方政府对央企的热情并不高。”
记者了解到，中石化管道储运分公司曾在2011年9月和2012年9月与山东潍坊市环保局和高密市环保局发布两次《中国石化股份有限公司东黄(复)线、东临线隐患整治工程环境信息公告》，“原本管线所处的郊区现在变为繁华城区，建筑物众多，人口密集，部分管道陆续被占压，导致管道无法抢修、维修，即使一些没有占压的建筑物也离管道较近，无法进行管道防腐层大修。”
“我们也在一些重要管线上提出过维修的申请。”中石化人士向记者表示，“但是维修管线是一笔巨大的投入，是企业出资还是政府出资呢？”
但是，除公开道歉外，中石化并未对上述内容进行解释。
让中石油和中石化这样的大型央企与地方政府关系进一步僵化的是，2010年前后，中石油在大连接二连三的爆炸事件。
冯庆善则认为，国内油气管道安全工作目前仍处于“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”状态，应尽快改变现状，对事故发生有针对性地预防控制，进行系统性整体规划、改造设计。
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