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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/11/30 9:41:19 Chang e third emission test up to three b rocket count
Authorities wide nets of Xichang, November 30 (Xinhua Zhang Mian Li Qixuan cotton) tower "third" lunar probe will be held December 2, from the Xichang satellite launch Center. Now, do the long third b rocket launch has been wrapped in a launch Tower and began routine refueling. Why choose long third b launch vehicle, as the present Chang-ladder to the Moon? Long third b launch vehicle for the tower "third" what had been done to improve? CCTV in Xichang combed through the launch for everyone to look at the highlights:
The first point is high capacity requirements
Xichang shaded dark green valleys, known as "Asia's first" second satellite launching tower soaring the skies. More than 90 meters inside the tower is lit up white long third hepatitis b carrier rocket was in the final test. Outside the rocket fairing at the top labeled with the calligraphy strokes of the lunar exploration program identifies, and wrote "China Moon". Four meters in diameter fairing, equipped with "Goddess the third" probe. In 2010, the same is the second tower at the Xichang satellite launch Center, Chang e, second successful launch.
Model rocket designer introduced Jiang Jie, Chang the third reached 3,700 kg of weight, than Chang more than 1000 kilograms in the second, so I chose to take off about 456 tons, China's launch of high quality orbiting satellites up to three of the most powerful b:
Jiang Jie: long third b long third party is the core class, comes bundled with four boosters, based on a standard geostationary transfer orbit to measure its capacity, long third rocket b 5.5 tonnes.
Look at two: Rails require high precision
As China's Gold Medal of the rocket, launch success rate is also up to three were identified as b Tower "ladder" important reasons. Over the past three years, the long third series conducted a total of 26 launches, success, success rate of 100%. At the same time, Chang, third moon mission requirements for accuracy is higher, "from Paris to Shanghai by playing golf hole in one" describes the precision of the moon. Rocket Commander Cen Zheng, accuracy 3 times higher than Chang, second rocket into orbit more than doubled, increased reliability from 0.938 to 0.942, reaching top form:
Cen Zheng: the launching site began, our equivalent of a relay race first, take the detector to the earth-moon transfer orbit, target is the moon. Rocket ourselves some new applications or hardware, software upgrades, the rocket is one of the representatives, product is a sieve and sieve, in the case of an existing pick of the best.
The third point: the launch window for high
To ensure that the tower ", third" moon landing perfectly, this task was first introduced many Windows, narrow width and high-precision orbit launches. Launch window selection is mainly based on the Earth, the Sun, the Moon, the three law of motion of celestial bodies, as well as factors such as weather, the probe orbits of the launch site. After launch site area command decided to become immortal, the third issue of the timing of the launch on December 2 have been identified. Cen Zheng, said Chang, third has prepared a total of six launch window, two a day. The first launch window width is 4 minutes, if you miss the first launch window, enter the second launch window, the second launch window width of only 1 minute:
Cen Zheng: I have this 3-day orbital rocket flight time is not the same as, rocket flight is more than 1100 seconds with the shortest, the longest possible is more than 1400 seconds. First window not go, so we're going to the first day of the second window, would also turn against the process and then go back, we have a normal process.
Point four: high adaptive capacity requirements
Said Jiang Jie, Chief Designer of the launch vehicle system, multiple Windows, narrow the width of the emission is difficult. Six implies a need to calculate in advance the launch window, the design of the six Lunar trajectories, each track must be ready to go all out:
Jiang Jie: rocket the six state we have to get it done and get ready, either State can achieve emission at any time. Hardware involved six tracks, six involving six state of the window hardware and software before we shipped to get fully hardware, including multiple devices to different States, different trajectory equipment used in the active window or useful software we do full validation.
However, in measuring, measurement and control, communication and meteorological satellites, five systems in close coordination with, generally, must first be aimed at launch snagged the first window to launch. Rocket Commander Cen Zheng said, took off from the fire starting, about 20 minutes later, the rocket and moon third, separation, rockets to as Chang-the lunar module ladder task completed, Chang, third entered the earth-moon transfer orbit will continue to explore the journey of the Moon:
Cen Zheng: the rocket sent the probe into the earth-moon transfer orbit with a single parameter, a perigee of 200 kilometers far away from the 380,000 km from such a highly elliptic orbit, our mission has succeeded, but the key point is to meet and final separation is normal, it will be successfully completed.
(Original title: "Chang-third" perched four demanding test up to three b rocket)
央广网西昌11月30日消息(记者张棉棉 李其轩)我国“嫦娥三号”月球探测器将于12月2日1时30分，在西昌卫星发射中心发射。目前，执行发射任务的长征三号乙运载火箭已经被包裹在发射塔架内，并开始进行常规燃料加注。为何选择长征三号乙运载火箭，作为托举嫦娥登月的天梯？长征三号乙运载火箭又为“嫦娥三号”做了哪些改进？中央台记者在西昌为大家梳理了本次发射中的看点与亮点：
看点一：运载能力要求高
在西昌深绿色山谷掩映下，被称为“亚洲第一塔”的二号卫星发射塔架直耸云霄。90多米的塔架内部灯火通明，乳白色长征三号乙型运载火箭正在进行最后的测试。火箭顶部整流罩外标有书法笔触的探月工程标识，并写有“中国探月”字样。直径四米的整流罩内，搭载的正是“嫦娥三号”探测器。2010年，同样是在西昌卫星发射中心的二号塔架，嫦娥二号成功发射。
火箭型号总设计师姜杰介绍，嫦娥三号的重量达到了3700公斤，比嫦娥二号重1000多公斤，所以选择了起飞质量约为456吨、我国发射高轨道卫星能力最强的长三乙：
姜杰：长征三号乙是以长征三号甲为芯级，捆绑了四枚助推器，按照标准的地球同步转移轨道衡量它的运载能力的话，长征三号乙火箭是5.5吨。
看点二：入轨精度要求高
作为我国的金牌火箭，发射成功率高也是长三乙被确定为“嫦娥天梯”的重要原因。在过去的三年间，长征三号系列火箭共进行了26次发射，次次成功，成功率达到了100%。同时，嫦娥三号的落月任务对精度的要求更高，有人曾用“从巴黎打高尔夫球到上海入洞”形容落月的精准。火箭总指挥岑拯表示，火箭入轨精度比嫦娥二号高3倍多，可靠性从0.938提高到0.942，达到最好的状态：
岑拯：进入发射场开始，我们相当于接力赛的第一棒，把探测器送到地月转移轨道，目标点是月球。火箭我们本身有些新的应用或者硬件、软件的升级，这枚火箭就是其中的代表，产品是筛了又筛，在现有的情况下挑的最好的。
看点三：发射窗口要求高
为确保“嫦娥三号”能够完美登月，此次任务首次采用多窗口、窄宽度和高精度入轨发射。发射窗口的选择主要基于地球、太阳、月球三个天体的运动规律，以及发射场天气、探测器轨道等因素。经发射场区指挥部决定，嫦娥三号的发射时间已经确定为12月2日1点30分。岑拯表示，嫦娥三号共准备了六个发射窗口，每天有两个。第一发射窗口宽度为4分钟，如果错过第一发射窗口，则进入第二发射窗口，第二发射窗口宽度仅为1分钟：
岑拯：我这3天6个轨道的火箭飞行的时间是不一样的，火箭飞行的时间最短的是1100多秒，最长的可能是1400多秒。比如说第一窗口没打出去，那么我们要第一天的第二个窗口，还得要重新再反流程再走回来，我们一个正常的流程。
看点四：适应能力要求高
运载火箭系统总设计师姜杰介绍说，多窗口、窄宽度的发射很难。六个发射窗口意味着需要提前计算、设计出六条奔月轨道，每条轨道都要做好准备，全力以赴：
姜杰：火箭这六种状态我们都要把它做好，做好准备，随时任何一种状态都可以实现发射。涉及到的硬件六条轨道、六个窗口涉及到六个状态的硬件和软件我们在出厂之前都做了充分的硬件，包括好多个设备不同的状态的，针对不同的轨道的活动窗口所用的设备还有用的软件我们都做了充分的验证。
不过，在发射场测发、测控、通信、气象、勤保五大系统密切协同下，一般而言，发射时肯定首先将瞄准第一窗口择机发射。火箭总指挥岑拯说，从点火起飞起计算，约20分钟后，火箭就会和嫦娥三号分离，火箭作为嫦娥登月天梯的任务就此完成，进入地月转移轨道的嫦娥三号将继续前往月球的探索旅程：
岑拯：火箭把探测器送到地月转移轨道它有一个参数，近地点200公里，远公里38万公里这么一个大椭圆的轨道上，我们的任务就成功了，但是持续的关键点上都是满足的，而且最后分离也是正常的，这才算是圆满的完成了。
(原标题：“嫦娥三号”蓄势待发 四大高要求考验长三乙运载火箭)
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