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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/1 2:37:00 Microsoft being split，
Being split by Microsoft-Microsoft-IT news Being split by Microsoft
It now appears that "China's first case of Internet antitrust" does not mark the Supreme Court hearings on the battle lost. This protracted case behind it, in fact, there are many things worth thinking about. Out of this dispute, a monopoly or not, may not be important because, whether you like it or not, of oligarchy is inevitable feature of Internet product operation.
So, competition among Internet companies, whether it be a judicial determination or Government guidance, our vision should be more open minded, looking at the international, in an open, based on the principles of freedom, tolerance, sharing, continuous technological innovation is the driving force for continued growth of the Internet and creating tremendous value of. Recalls that year Microsoft monopoly complained of "trial of the century", which spent ten years behind the litigation costs, is still a lot to be where we aftertaste.
Microsoft was almost split
In late 1990, with the Windows95 operating system accounted for 90% PC, design blue browser IE has become the Bill Gates of Microsoft is pushing an important product. In the age of Internet access is a luxury rather than a commodity, the browser is an independent payment products, not every computer will automatically install the browser. The overlords of the area originally called Netscape (Netscape), but with the Windows dominate, Microsoft began in each operating system installed IE. "Truth, does Windows", and have a Windows PC, you will have IE browsers .
Microsoft like gangbusters to Netscape and other browser makers quickly marginalized, alerted the United States antitrust law enforcement. In 1996, Netscape to the United States Department of Justice complaint. In October 1997, the United States Department of Justice to the Federal Court proceedings. In May 1998, the United States Justice Department and 18 States plus the District of Columbia joint 6 monopoly charges against Microsoft. As in the present case since 1974, United States Government suing telecom giant t since most antitrust litigation, blockbuster, became worthy of the "trial of the century".
From October 1998 to June 1999, both sides in the fierce fighting in court, celebrities in the industry such as Apple, Intel executives have testified in court. In April 2000, the judge announced that Microsoft violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, constitute three counts: through anti-competitive practices to maintain a monopoly, and attempted to monopolize the browser market to bundle its browser with the operating system. Judgment after Microsoft bundled IE should not as a precondition for Windows95 licensing agreement, Microsoft will be split into two parts, separation of the operating system and application software, cannot be merged within 10 years.
The split, which will undoubtedly kill Microsoft, Microsoft then appealed. In June 2001, the Federal Appeals Court reversed split Microsoft's decision. In August, kelin·Kete Lynn judge became responsible for a retrial of the case. Microsoft to restart talks with the Justice Department. On September 6, the Ministry declared that it would not require splitting Microsoft and dismissed some charges. In November, the Justice Department and 9 States reached a settlement agreement with Microsoft. Since then, Microsoft started to reach a settlement with the District of Columbia and other States, settlement fees total about $ 1.8 billion.
Open is the essence of Internet law
After nearly a decade of litigation battle, Microsoft avoided similar to that of Giants split t, standard oil was bad luck. Which may be why United States antitrust policy maintained by the traditional price competition to promote scientific and technological innovation. Government recognizes that split to break the monopoly has been left behind.
United States Government timely transformation of consciousness, are commendable. Because in the Internet field, innovation is essential. In September 2002, a crushed Netscape browser based on the open source software for design of new birth, later renamed the MozillaFirefox, called "Firefox". Then appears more modern browsers such as Chrome. IE is strongly challenged by the two leading position. In addition, the oldest Opera than IE persists, a variety of "little fresh" browsers are frequent.
Now, even the most optimistic statistics can only be said that IE accounted for half. Generation of talent and vitality of the Internet industry is on the high attrition rate of cruelty. Which is why some of the hottest Internet giants also feeling myself but got standing tickets. As statements, today's kids will ever understand Yahoo (36.96, 0.32%) when Mira.
Therefore, when in retrospect, the Justice Department and Microsoft's legal battle, the more thrilling, more historical irony. United States Government shake to Microsoft, but passable. United States free market and developed strong legal environment led to technology upstart is rapidly rewriting of IT industry Outlook, monopolist Microsoft digestion for the torrent of social progress.
Sunrise may arise a new Sun every day. When judicial experience new technologies, and perhaps conservative is the largest celebration of innovation on the latter for the former, resulting from strong market competition is the biggest threat to natural monopolies. Ensure market open to the possibilities of the future when the first thrust of the law is the Internet.
险被拆分的微软 - 微软 - IT资讯险被拆分的微软
现在看来，“中国互联网反垄断第一案”并没有随着最高院的开庭审理就此硝烟散尽。而这起旷日持久的案件背后，其实有很多值得思考的东西。跳出这场争执来看，垄断与否也许并不重要，因为，不管你喜欢不喜欢，寡头化是互联网产品运营的必然特征。
所以，处理互联网公司之间的竞争，不管是司法决断还是政府引导，我们的视野应该更开阔，放眼国际，以开放、自由、包容、分享的原则为基础，不断地技术创新才是互联网持续发展和创造巨大价值的原动力。回顾当年微软被诉垄断的“世纪大审判”，其耗费十年之久争讼代价的背后，至今仍有很多值得我们回味的地方。
微软差点被拆分
1990年代中后期，随着Windows95操作系统占据了九成的个人电脑，微软设计的蓝色浏览器IE也成了比尔·盖茨力推的重要产品。在那个上网是奢侈品而非日用品的年代，浏览器是一种独立的付费产品，不是每一台电脑都会自动安装浏览器。该领域最初的霸主叫网景(Netscape)，但随着Windows的一统天下，微软开始在每一份操作系统中预装IE。一时间“普天之下，莫非Windows”，而有Windows的电脑，就必有IE浏览器。
微软如秋风扫落叶般地将网景等其他浏览器生产商迅速边缘化，也惊动了美国反垄断执法部门。1996年，网景向美国司法部投诉。1997年10月，美国司法部向哥伦比亚特区联邦法院提起诉讼。1998年5月，美国司法部和18个州加上哥伦比亚特区联合对微软提出6项垄断指控。本案作为自1974年美国政府起诉电信巨人AT&T以来影响最大的反垄断诉讼，轰动全球，成为了当之无愧的“世纪审判”。
1998年10月至1999年6月，双方在法庭上激烈交火，业界名流如苹果、英特尔公司的高管们纷纷出庭作证。2000年4月，法官宣布微软违反《谢尔曼反托拉斯法》，构成三项罪名：通过反竞争行为维持垄断、企图垄断浏览器市场和将其浏览器与操作系统捆绑。后判决微软公司不得把捆绑IE作为Windows95许可协议的前提条件，微软将被拆分为两部分，分营操作系统和应用软件，10年内不能合并。
拆分，这无疑要了微软命，微软遂提出上诉。2001年6月，哥伦比亚特区联邦上诉法院撤销了拆分微软的判决。8月，科林·科特琳法官开始负责对本案的重审。微软与司法部重启谈判。9月6日，司法部宣布不再要求拆分微软，并撤销了部分指控。11月，司法部和9个州与微软达成了和解协议。此后，微软陆续与哥伦比亚特区和其他州达成和解，和解费用总计约18亿美元。
开放才是互联网法律的要旨
经过近十年的诉讼大战，微软避免了像当年的巨头AT&T、标准石油那样被拆分的噩运。其中的原因或许是美国的反垄断政策由传统的维护价格竞争转向促进科技创新。政府意识到，用拆分来破除垄断已然落伍。
美国政府这种意识的适时转变，值得称道。因为在互联网领域，创新才是根本。2002年9月，一款在被打垮的网景浏览器的开放源代码基础上设计出的新软件诞生，后来改名为MozillaFirefox，即所谓的“火狐”。后来又出现了Chrome等更新潮的浏览器。二者都有力地挑战着IE的龙头地位。此外，比IE还古老的Opera仍然存在，各种各样的“小清新”浏览器层出不穷。
当下，即便是最乐观的统计也只能说IE占据着半壁江山。江山代有人才出，互联网行业的生命力正在于其高淘汰率的残酷性。这也是为何一些炙手可热的互联网巨子也感慨自己不过只是拿到了站票。诚如斯言，当今的孩子们何曾会理解雅虎(36.96, 0.32, 0.87%)当年的峥嵘呢。
故而，回顾往昔之时，司法部和微软的法律较量越是显得惊心动魄，就越具有历史的反讽意味。美利坚合众国政府力撼微软，结果不过差强人意。但美国强劲的自由市场和发达的法律环境所不断催生的科技新贵却迅速地改写着IT产业的面貌，令垄断者微软的形象消解在了社会进步的洪流中。
朝阳产业每一天都可能升起新的太阳。当司法遭遇新科技时，或许前者的保守才是对后者创新的最大礼赞，由此带来的强劲的市场竞争才是对一时间自然形成的垄断者最大的威胁。确保市场向未来无限可能的开放当是互联网法律的第一要旨。
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