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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/1 20:49:01 Experts say it appears originally not selected where the Rainbow Bay， there have been 5 options，
Legal evening news (reporters Wang Yue Li Wenji) planned to become immortal, the third, Rainbow Bay, landing on the front of the moon. According to reports, Rainbow Bay is located in the Moon's northern hemisphere, Western Hemisphere, the Northwest corner of Mare Imbrium on the near side of the moon.
Leading group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's lunar exploration program Senior Advisor Ouyang Ziyuan said an interview with reporters, why Rainbow Bay would be the ultimate fall months concerns did social interpretation.
Ouyang Ziyuan said jokingly, Rainbow Bay Moon is that place where the ancients called features, Laurel, Chang Moon is actually landed on the features.
Ouyang Ziyuan said did not choose Rainbow Bay as Moon. He explained that the falls five months the start of options, and they all have their own advantages. "We had developed a set of indicators by six criteria, conducted an assessment of alternative locations, comprehensive evaluation, slightly leading Rainbow Bay, became the ultimate moon. "Ouyang Ziyuan said.
In addition, Rainbow Bay is the gap in the study of the Moon, people want to know where the knowledge, such as there are causes of what rocks, what ingredients are, how and where different from unexplored areas with other countries, these are worth examining.
Falling Moon
Chang held today
Ben "arrived"
According to Ouyang Ziyuan introduced, as planned, to become immortal, the third Rainbow Bay landing on the moon. Rainbow Bay is located in the northern hemisphere of the Moon, the Western Hemisphere, in the Northwest corner near side of the Moon, the rain and the sea. It formed about 3.9 billion years ago, is one of the most beautiful landmarks of the moon. It is a giant crater 260 km in diameter.
He explained that the Rainbow Bay name comes from Latin, meaning "Bay of rainbows".
It is situated in front of the Moon, Terrace Bay, heat, eyebrow Crescent, wait a few more months in the Gulf Bay is located on the right side of the moon. Here was hit by objects out of the pits, filled by basalt, and threw out the material stacked into the Jura.
This mountain range is like a rainbow, area of land and sea to stretch into months and months is called Crescent, therefore this area is known as the Rainbow Bay. Rainbow Bay were taken Chang-second focus area, shooting accuracy of 1 m, to prepare for the smooth landing, Chang e third.
In addition, Rainbow Bay, an area equivalent to several provinces in China, so Rainbow Falls Bay area is looking for a number of months, but the median point but also the actual trajectory.
Ouyang Ziyuan said: "we do not need to be falling at a fixed point, in order to correct this, we can have much more choice. ”
There is an alternative
Placement is not the direct election of Rainbow Bay
Why Rainbow Bay would become the Moon, Ouyang ziyuan, long said in an interview with a reporter, was not determined in Rainbow Bay "Moon" falls five months the start of options, and they all have their own advantages.
Ouyang Ziyuan introduced road, Moon must have six main conditions.
"We had developed a set of indicators by six criteria, conducted an assessment of alternative locations, comprehensive evaluation, slightly leading Rainbow Bay, became the ultimate moon. "Ouyang Ziyuan said.
To select a falling Moon, you must make a comparison of indicators. First landed in front of the Moon more than one location, and then compared, identifying the right points.
In addition, said Ouyang Ziyuan, manned, design landing in the world right now are essentially focused on the Moon's South Pole, because there are a couple of extra advantages.
There were 96% above the light, can guarantee energy supplies. Because of the light, so hot for mutation, remained at around lingxia60sheshidu. However, the Antarctic region is the mountain area, is relatively dangerous.
China's first moon exploration project
Image of the Moon (detail)
Moon points to meet the six conditions
First, be sure to on the near side of the Moon
See Earth in the side of the Moon, and communications interference
Second, communication open
From engineering considerations, information recording smooth
Three, energy, namely solar energy is sufficient
While falling in the North and South poles, where solar low energy density, sunlight or direct sunlight
Four, the terrain is relatively flat
For security reasons, the first time the "Moon" to avoid potholes and cliffs area, Rainbow Bay is a large area of flat land, landing relatively easy
Five, scientific question centers
If you went to the wrong place, even if falling senseless
Six, where others haven't been
Avoid the United States, the Soviet Union used to fell the
The moon on the Bay
1. Monroe Bay
Located in the near side of the Moon (54 ° N,56.6 ° w), as its name implies, Monroe Bay is like a drop of dew in the morning. Monroe Bay North of North West at the near side of the Moon, the Ocean of Storms, and Rainbow Bay in Eastern Highlands apart.
2. brow Crescent
Located in the near side of the Moon (31.8 ° N,1.4 ° w), profiles such as sickle moon. It was the Soviet Luna 2nd landing place, located in the eastern part of the Mare Imbrium, and is surrounded by three large impact craters Archimedes, aotuolike and alisiji.
3. aaonisi Bay
Located in the near side of the Moon (11.7 ° N,18.1 ° e), the shape is like an elephant, was lifted to the sky its proboscis, and seems to be into peals of screaming, to celebrate their victory and honor. Aaonisi Bay is based on phonetic translation of Latin, meaning glorious Gulf.
4. Gulf of fad
Located in the near side of the Moon (18 ° N,2.0 ° e), shaped like a tree full of Golden Bells Christmas tree and gifts. Fad Bay based on phonetic translation of Latin, meaning trust Bay.
5. Concordia Bay
Located in the near side of the Moon (10.8 ° N,43.2 ° e), shaped like a land of crocodiles, is hanging around, waiting to catch their prey. Concordia Bay is based on voice translated from the Latin, meaning harmony Bay.
6. summer Bay
Located in the near side of the Moon (10.9 ° N,8.8 ° w), shaped like two Mountains surrounded by a tranquil Bay. Summer Bay area of 39,600 sq km, is one of the largest Crescent. Summer Bay in Latin means hot Bay. Summer Bay front central area near the equator of the Moon, belong to the ocean storm extended eastward into parts of the Lunar terrain.
On the sea
Known sea 22
On the near side of the Moon
Sea is the main geographical units on the surface of the Moon, with a total area of about full moon 25%. Sea there are 22 known so far, most of these distributions in the near side of the Moon, 19, covering the front 31.2% of the dome area.
Because of small celestial bodies impacting on the back of the Moon, and has a density of craters, but are few in number only by sea, Sea Sea Sea express and 3 months in Moscow, and tiny, accounting for 2.5% of the dome on the rear area.
Ouyang Ziyuan introduction, after the invention of the telescope in 1608 humanity began to view, when people see a couple of spots on the Moon, there was the water, so called "seas".
In fact, the so-called "sea" are small objects hit 3.9 billion to 4 billion years ago out of the basin, a mess after the cracks were found on the ground, black magma ascent, volcanic eruptions, shedding material would fill basin black Plains, on earth known as basalt. At present, this region is a vast plain.
Most think the shell crashed through the month when small objects hit the Moon, Lunar mantle flow covered the lowlands, to form the sea.
But scientists based on the composition, structure and age of moon rocks research, that the Moon formed about 4.56 billion years ago, the Moon was a large magma ocean after forming, through magma's melting processes and materials adjusted to 4.1 billion years ago, mantle formation of plagioclase months, months and months of nuclear.
The difference between two points, view of small objects after impact and basaltic eruptions took place at two times; while the former view is considered to be simultaneous.
New topic
In the study of the Moon
Rainbow Bay is a blank area
Rainbow Bay science problem set, which is worth studying? Ouyang Ziyuan describes, in the Moon's history, there is an important event called Mare Imbrium event.
About 3.9 billion to 4 billion years ago, the moon has been the dramatic impact of small celestial bodies, forming a Sea basin, which is equivalent to regime change on the moon.
3.15 billion to 3.9 billion years ago, basaltic eruption event in moon occurred many times, known as the sea flooding.
He explained that the basalts spewed after the formation of a surface layer of thickness from 0.5 to 2.5 kilometres of, filling the Sea basin. But basalt is different in each region, there are ancient history.
Rainbow Bay basalt were formed 3.2 billion years ago was 3.4 billion years ago, there is currently no unexplored, is still unknown.
Also, the surface in this region is flat, large cracks but there are 100 meters deep, the soil layer (20 m deep) and subsurface structures (100 metres) for the Moon's origin and evolution history can provide important evidence, these are worth examining.
In addition, Rainbow Bay is the gap in the study of the Moon, people want to know where the knowledge, such as what rocks, what ingredients were there, cause, etc. Rainbow Bay unexplored areas of difference with other countries is also a brand new topic, these are worth examining.
Yu Change must the third choice at Rainbow Bay landing safety, what is going to challenge this issue, Ouyang Ziyuan said, even though Rainbow Bay is relatively flat, but not a wide expanse, technically there will be many difficulties.
Biggest difficulty is landing. Because the moon has no atmosphere, vacuum, you can't use the parachute gently down. Off the lander, shattering. Researchers need to adopt variable thrust engine, autonomous navigation and control technologies and absorbing part to overcome this difficulty.
Followed by Moonlight to survive, month daylight Moonlight over more than 330 degrees Celsius temperature difference, the lander must be guaranteed and inspections is not freezing in the cold Moonlight, then automatically start working when the sun comes out.
Although Chang Chang, third, second before landing meticulously probe landing area, did the shooting accuracy of 1 m figure, but a number of small rocks or a deadly impact on landing.
In General, the soft landing in the ground after several walkthroughs, and computer programs already set up for you.
Text/special correspondent Wang Yue
Reporter Li Wenji
(Edit: SN091)December 01, 2013 Legal evening news(专家称玉兔落点最初并非选虹湾 曾有5个备选 |月球|嫦娥三号|落点_新闻资讯
法制晚报讯(记者 王月 李文姬) 按计划，嫦娥三号将在月球正面的虹湾着陆。据介绍，虹湾地处月球的北半球、西半球，在月球正面的雨海的西北角。
中科院院士、中国探月工程领导小组高级顾问欧阳自远日前接受了记者的采访，对于虹湾为何会成为最终落月点等社会各界关心的问题做了解读。
欧阳自远开玩笑地说，其实虹湾的落月点就是我国古人所称的广寒宫、月桂树所在的地方，实际上嫦娥玉兔就是降落在了广寒宫里。
欧阳自远透露，当初并不是一下就选择虹湾作为落月点。他介绍，开始共有五个落月点的备选方案，并且它们都有各自的优势。“我们按六个条件制定了一系列指标，对备选地点进行了评估，综合评价来看，虹湾略微领先，成为了最终落月点。”欧阳自远说道。
此外，虹湾是月球研究的空白区，人们希望了解那里的知识，比如那里有什么石头、成分是什么、起因如何以及那里与其他国家探测过的地区有何不同等，这些都值得研究。
落月点
嫦娥抱玉兔
将奔“广寒宫”
据欧阳自远介绍，按计划，嫦娥三号将在月球虹湾着陆。虹湾地处月球的北半球、西半球，在月球正面的雨海的西北角。它形成于大约39亿年前，是月球最美丽的地标之一。它是一个直径达260公里的巨型陨石坑。
他解释说，虹湾的名称源于拉丁语，意为“彩虹之湾”。
它位于月球的正面，露湾、暑湾、眉月湾等几个较大的月湾也都分布在月球的正面。这里是被天体砸出的坑，又被玄武岩填上，而砸出的物质则堆积成了侏罗山脉。
这道山脉很像彩虹，而月海伸入月陆的地区称为月湾，因此这一地区称为虹湾。虹湾是嫦娥二号重点拍摄的地区，拍摄精度达到1米，为嫦娥三号顺利着陆做准备。
此外，虹湾的面积相当于我国的几个省，因此在虹湾区域也找了若干个落月点，但是具体落在哪个点还要看实际的飞行轨道。
欧阳自远表示：“我们没有必要非要落在固定的一个点，为了这个进行矫正，可以多点选择。”
有备选
落点并非直接选虹湾
对于为何虹湾会成为落月点，欧阳自远在接受记者采访时表示，当初并不是一下就决定了在虹湾“落月”，开始共有五个落月点的备选方案，并且它们都有各自的优势。
欧阳自远介绍道，落月点必须具备的条件主要有六个。
“我们按六个条件制定了一系列指标，对备选地点进行了评估，综合评价来看，虹湾略微领先，成为了最终落月点。”欧阳自远说道。
要选择一个落月点，必须进行各种指标的比较。一开始在月球的正面选择了多个可以降落的位置，然后经过比较，选出最合适的点。
此外， 欧阳自远此前还表示，对于载人登月，现在全世界设计的着陆点基本上都集中在月球南极，因为那里有几个特殊的优势。
那里96%以上的地方有光照，可以保证能源供应。由于有光照，所以温度不会突变，基本保持在零下60摄氏度左右。但是，南极地区是高山地区，相对比较危险。
中国首次探月工程
月球影像图(局部)
落月点须具备的六个条件
一、一定要在月球正面
因为月球背面在地球看不见，并且通信受干扰
二、通信通畅
从工程考虑，信息记录要通畅
三、能源即太阳能要充足
虽然落在南北极也可以，但那里的太阳能能量密度低，阳光也无法直射
四、地势要相对平坦
出于安全考虑，头一次“落月”要避开坑坑洼洼、有悬崖峭壁的地区，虹湾是一大片平地，降落比较容易
五、科学问题集中
如果去了没意思的地方，即使落下也无意义
六、别人没去过的地方
避开美国、苏联曾经落过的地点
月亮上的那些湾
1.露湾
位于月球正面(54.0°N，56.6°W)，顾名思义，露湾就像清晨的一滴露水。露湾位于月球正面西北部、风暴洋北部，东部与虹湾以高地相隔。
2.眉月湾
位于月球正面(31.8°N，1.4°W)，外形如弯弯的月亮。它是苏联Luna 2号着陆的地方，位于雨海东部，周围环绕着阿基米德、奥托利克和阿里斯基三个大型撞击坑。
3.阿奥尼斯湾
位于月球正面(11.7°N，18.1°E)，外形就像一头大象，正向天抬起它的长鼻，似乎正在发出阵阵吼叫，以庆祝自己的胜利和荣誉。阿奥尼斯湾是根据拉丁语音译而来的，意思是光荣的海湾。
4.费德湾
位于月球正面(18.0°N， 2.0°E)，形状就像一棵挂满了金灿灿的铃铛和礼物的圣诞树。费德湾是根据拉丁语音译而来的，意思是信任的海湾。
5.肯考迪娅湾
位于月球正面(10.8°N，43.2°E)，形状就如一条刚刚上岸的鳄鱼，正在四处张望，以伺机捕捉猎物。肯考迪娅湾是根据拉丁语音译而来的，意思是和谐的海湾。
6.暑湾
位于月球正面(10.9°N，8.8°W)，形状就像两山环抱的一处宁静的海湾。暑湾面积达39600平方公里，是面积最大的月湾之一。暑湾在拉丁语中的意思是火热的海湾。暑湾位于月球正面赤道附近的中央区域，属于风暴洋向东延伸进月陆的部分。
关于月海
已知月海22个
多在月球正面
月海是月球表面的主要地理单元，总面积约占全月面的25%。迄今已知的月海有22个，其中大多数分布在月球正面，有19个，覆盖正面半球面积的31.2%。
月球背面因受到小天体撞击，也有着密集的陨石坑，但数量少，只有东海、莫斯科海和智海3个月海，而且面积很小，占背面半球面积的2.5%。
欧阳自远介绍，1608年人类发明望远镜后开始观天，当时的人们看到月球上的几块黑斑，以为那里是海水，因此取名为“海”。
其实所谓的“海”都是39亿-40亿年前小天体砸出的盆地，砸完后地下出现裂缝，黑色的岩浆上升，火山喷发，流出的物质将盆地填成黑色的平原，在地球上称为玄武岩。这一区域目前是辽阔的平原。
多数人认为，小天体撞击月球时撞破月壳，使月幔流出，覆盖了低地，从而形成了月海。
但也有科学家根据对月球各类岩石成分、构造与形成年代的研究，认为月球约形成于45.6亿年前，月球形成后曾发生过较大规模的岩浆洋事件，通过岩浆的熔离过程和内部物质调整，于41亿年前形成了斜长岩月壳、月幔和月核。
两个观点的区别在于，后一观点认为小天体的撞击和玄武岩的喷发是发生在两个年代；而前一观点则认为是同时发生的。
新课题
在月球研究中
虹湾是空白区
虹湾科学问题集中，哪些值得研究？欧阳自远介绍，在月球历史上，有个重要的事件叫雨海事件。
大约在39亿年到40亿年以前，月球曾经遭受到小天体的剧烈撞击，形成了月海盆地，这相当于月球上的改朝换代。
在31.5亿年到39亿年前，月球发生过多次玄武岩喷发的事件，被称为月海泛滥时期。
他解释说，玄武岩喷出后形成了厚度约0.5到2.5公里的表层，填平了月海盆地。但是每个地区的玄武岩都不尽相同，都有古老的历史。
而虹湾的玄武岩是32亿年前还是34亿年前形成的，目前没有探测过，还不得而知。
还有，这一地区表面虽然平坦，但是有100米深的大裂缝，土壤层(20米深)以及次表层结构(100米深)对于月球的起源、演化历史都提供了重要证据，这些都值得研究。
此外，虹湾是月球研究的空白区，人们希望了解那里的知识，比如那里有什么石头、成分是什么、起因如何等。虹湾与其他国家探测过的地区有何不同也是崭新课题，这些都值得研究。
对于嫦娥三号选择在虹湾着陆是否一定安全、会有什么挑战这一问题，欧阳自远解释说，尽管虹湾相对平坦，但并非一马平川，技术上会有很多难点。
最大的难点是软着陆。因为月球上没有大气，是真空的，不能用降落伞慢悠悠地落下去。着陆器要是掉下去，肯定砸碎了。科研人员需要采用变推力发动机、自主导航控制技术和研发缓冲吸能部件来攻克这一难关。
其次是月夜生存，月昼月夜有330多摄氏度温差，必须保证着陆器和巡视器在寒冷的月夜不被冻坏，太阳出来时再自动开始工作。
尽管之前嫦娥二号为嫦娥三号的着陆精细地探测了降落区，做了拍摄精度达到1米的图，但一些小型的岩石还是会对软着陆产生致命的影响。
一般来说，软着陆会在地面经过多次演练，而且计算机程序早就设置好了。
文/特约记者 王月
记者 李文姬
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