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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/1 20:55:32 People’s daily published an article talking about public servant concept a century of change
The revolution of a century ago, there have been many heroic struggle, also left a number of stories are wringing their hands over. Overthrow of the absolute monarchy, the established republican system, promulgation of the interim Constitution, said a lot of people; in order to achieve success of the Xinhai revolution, many high principles must be willing started, to make sacrifices, such as Qiu Jin, Lin Juemin, fangshengdong etc, people will remember a lot. There is one thing, but people rarely spoke, seldom remembered, is the revolution of Sun Yat-Sen proposed a concept of public servants.
Sun Yat-Sen became the provisional President, claiming to be public servants, thus confirming to people-oriented. This is China's officialdom since the class societies and political, was a major revolution. On December 29, 1911, Dr Sun Yat-Sen thanked the representative of each province elected him as provisional President, said in the provinces caused by Dudu "today's elections are recognition for servant". Equivalent to a servant of the people, President, embodies the values of people first. Sun Yat-sen had issued orders on behalf of the President, called on all government officials "in the public service, sampler, everyone should share the responsibility and not special interests." In the nation-building strategy, he said, "officials in the country, and President, patrols under worse, servant of the people. "One more than 80 years of salt merchants came to Nanjing, a glimpse of Sun Yat-Sen's presence. Sun Yat-Sen received the old man, and said to him: "the President serving a day, is the servant of the people, is to serve the nation. "The old man asked:" after the departure from Office of President does? "Sun Yat-sen said:" after the departure from Office of President and get back in the team of the people, and ordinary people alike. "Answered the old man he met Sun Yat-Sen's democratic style. As President of Sun Yat-Sen statue to receive an ordinary salt, embodies a servant of the great spirit. This is Sun Yat-Sen, the revolution of valuable political and spiritual legacy for future generations. Sun Yat-Sen's own political career is to lead by example, and honest, has maintained a public servant.
In the feudal society, act like an overlord is the social norm, magistrate high above, people prostrate at the foot of the social ladder. Emperor following the official County classic is the lowest level of administrative officers, but it is official, the County's population is its people. Classic is a so-called pastoral County officers. What is pastoral? Is to treat people like cattle to graze. People see a classic kowtow, claiming to be people. Subordinate superiors have to kowtow, all officials have to prostrate oneself Emperor. More than 2000 years ago, it is almost fixed. Revolution of leather off the old rules. Sun Yat-Sen in order to implement the idea of public servants of the people, on behalf of the provisional President decrees, abolition of classic styling, abolition of the kowtow ceremony stressed equality among people, the people are the masters, officials are servants of the people. This shift and the overthrow of the absolute monarchy, is as important as establishing a Republican system also brought ideological Emancipations, also has a great deal of sentimental value. Officials are servants of the people, should bring about a transformation of political life, the political system. It is wringing their hands over that, Sun Yat-Sen provisional President for 3 months only. Yuan Shikai took office, public servants that are no longer being raised, as officials still, when classic remains the same, people still at the bottom of society.
Officers are public servants, the Chinese Communists here becomes a reality. Communist Party of China from the people and of officials is to serve the Communist Party. In September 1944, Comrade Mao Zedong Memorial central mission will be an ordinary party member, said: "our eight route army led by the Communist Party and the Communist Party, army, revolutionary troops. Our team and for the liberation of peoples, a complete work for the interests of the people. "This famous speech titled ' serving ', clearly pointed out that the Chinese Communist Party to serve the sole purpose. After the Communist Party, has consistently stressed that all party and Government officials at all levels are public servants, is the servant of the people, is to serve the purpose of coming to power. However, even today there are some party and Government officials to claim the officer, not people-oriented, not serve efforts, for governance is not reasonable, and corruption, not only dishonor the Communists to serve and fight for communist ideals and beliefs, and Sun Yat-Sen a century ago made pretty alien to the concept of public servants.
Comrade Mao Zedong said: "people, and only people, is creating power in world history. "Looking back on Chinese history, leading cadres should always keep in mind that" public servants "4 words.
(The author is President of the Chinese society for the history of)
百年前的辛亥革命，进行了许多可歌可泣的斗争，也留下了许多令人扼腕的故事。推翻君主专制、建立共和制度、颁布《临时约法》等，人们说过很多；为了取得辛亥革命的成功，许多志士仁人前仆后继、勇于牺牲，如秋瑾、林觉民、方声洞等，人们也记得很多。有一件事，人们却很少谈到、很少记得，就是辛亥革命中孙中山提出了人民公仆观念。
孙中山就任临时大总统，自称人民公仆，从而确认以人民为本位。这对于中国阶级社会以来的官场政治，是一大革命。1911年12月29日，孙中山为感谢各省代表选举他为临时大总统，在致各省都督电中称“今日代表选举，乃认文为公仆”。把大总统等同于人民的公仆，体现了人民至上的价值观。孙中山曾以大总统名义发布通令，要求所有政府官员“皆系为民服务，官规具在，莫不负应尽之责任，而无特别之利益”。他还在《建国方略》中说过：“国中之百官，上而总统，下而巡差，皆人民之公仆。”有一位年逾80岁的盐商来南京，想一睹孙中山的风采。孙中山接待了这位老者，并对他说：“总统在职一天，就是国民的公仆，是为全国人民服务的。”老者问：“总统离职以后呢？”孙中山答道：“总统离职以后，又回到人民的队伍里去，和老百姓一样。”孙中山的回答使这位老者感到他见到了民主的风采。孙中山以总统之尊接待一位普通盐商，体现了一种伟大的公仆精神。这也是孙中山、辛亥革命留给后人的宝贵政治和精神遗产。孙中山自己从政更是以身作则、廉洁自持，始终保持着人民公仆形象。
在封建社会，当官做老爷是社会生活的常态，官老爷高高在上，老百姓匍匐在社会的底层。皇帝以下的官员，县老爷是最低级别的行政官员，但也是父母官，县里的老百姓都是其子民。县老爷又是所谓牧民之官。何谓牧民？就是把老百姓当作牲口来放牧。老百姓见了县老爷就要磕头，自称草民。下级见了上级也要磕头，所有官员见了皇帝都要匍匐称臣。2000多年来，这几乎是一成不变的。辛亥革命把这个老规矩革掉了。孙中山为了落实人民公仆观念，以临时大总统名义颁布命令，废除老爷称呼，废除磕头礼节；强调人民一律平等，人民是主人，官员是人民的公仆。这种转变与推翻君主专制、建立共和制度是同等重要的，同样带来了思想的大解放，同样具有极大的纪念意义。官员是人民的公仆，应该带来政治生活、政治制度的变革。令人扼腕的是，孙中山的临时大总统只做了3个月。袁世凯上台后，人民公仆之说不再被人提起，做官依旧，当老爷依旧，人民依然处在社会的底层。
官员是人民公仆，在中国共产党人这里变为了现实。中国共产党人来自人民，共产党的官是为人民服务的。1944年9月，毛泽东同志在追悼中央警卫团一名普通共产党员的会上说：“我们的共产党和共产党所领导的八路军、新四军，是革命的队伍。我们这个队伍完全是为着解放人民的，是彻底地为人民的利益工作的。”这篇题为《为人民服务》的著名演讲，鲜明地指出了中国共产党为人民服务的根本宗旨。中国共产党执政以后，一贯强调各级党政干部都是人民公仆、是人民勤务员，执政的目的是为人民服务。不过，今天仍有个别党政干部以官老爷自居，不以人民为本位，不在为人民服务上下功夫，为政不廉，贪污腐败，不仅玷污了共产党人为人民服务和为共产主义奋斗的理想信念，也与孙中山百年前就提出的人民公仆观念格格不入。
毛泽东同志说过：“人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力。”回顾百年中国历程，领导干部应始终牢记“人民公仆”4个字。
（作者为中国史学会会长）
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