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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/1 20:56:05 Romanian aid newspaper wrote an article commemorating the Cairo Declaration
Greenwich mean time, December 1, 1943, at the Cairo Conference of Heads of Government of China and Britain agreed in the Cairo Declaration and officially announced, Washington, London and other places in Chongqing. For 70 years, as post-war Japan aggression problems, ensure peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region as an important international documents, the Cairo Declaration of enduring significance and impact, enduring deep.
, The Cairo Declaration, as reflected in the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, led by the four powers and resolutely combat the antifascist allies and punish Japan aggression common will
June November 22, 1943, then-President Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese Nationalist government United States President Roosevelt, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill rate delegation in Egypt's capital, Cairo, International Conference to discuss the joint plan of war on Japan and postwar Japan and other major military and political problems, and finally agreed on a communiqué of the meeting, namely, the Cairo Declaration. The Cairo Declaration is based on the Sino-US Summit to talk with the Government, drafted by the United States, China, the United States and Britain agreed by the three parties. The emergence of the Cairo Declaration clearly shows that it is determined by the heads of Government of China and Britain to personally, as endorsed by the heads of Government of the Soviet Union completely, is a symbol of four major powers United, reflected the anti-fascist allies, led by the four powers and people determined to suppress and punish Japan aggression the common will and aspirations. Just as Roosevelt said, "Sino-US, UK and USSR and its allies represent the world's three-fourths per cent of the population, as long as the four military powers United in determination to preserve peace, an aggressor State should not occur again to start World War", the four powers jointly endorse the Cairo Declaration is also of significance at this.
II, the Cairo Declaration reflected the anti-fascist allies, and people will always prevent and eliminate Japan aggression potential, the principle of achieving lasting peace and security in the long term after the war
The Cairo Declaration was in Italy surrender, fascist Germany and Japan got into trouble, the antifascist allies created in 1943 transferred to the strategic offensive and victory. In this context, China and Britain agreed in the Cairo Declaration of the Summit, taking into account not only how to beat Japan fascist, forcing Japan's unconditional surrender, and the postwar arrangements. Heads are well aware, when Japan aggressive and has a very strong industrial, technological and military strength, is a serious hidden trouble or danger to peace and security in the Asia Pacific region since 1874 and repeated foreign aggression, annexation of Ryukyu, occupy North Korea seriously threatens survival of China and Southeast Asian countries, a grave violation of the United States and Britain, the USSR, France, the Netherlands and other countries in the interests of the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, defeating Japan how to do whatever he could to prevent Japan's invasion potential resurgence of achieving durable peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region, did not live up to the war of the tremendous sacrifices, have become important issues that must be addressed.
To this end, the Cairo Summit meeting between China and Britain on what they think the future of several generations to ensure that some of the principles of long-term peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region for in-depth discussion. Is according to these long-term principles, Cairo Declaration under clear announced, three of purposes, in denied Japan since 1914 first times world war began Hou in Pacific by won or occupation of all island; in makes Japan by steal Yu China of territory, such as Northeast four province, and Taiwan, and Penghu Islands,, returned China, Japan also will was expulsion out its to violence and greed by grab of other all land, in appropriate of time makes North Korea free independent. At the Cairo Conference, Roosevelt, Chiang Kai-shek, also agreed that the United States and China should work together to help Indochina and other colonies achieved independence after the war, and Thailand should resume its independent status.
As in August 1941 after the upcoming summit between the US and UK issued the Atlantic Charter was announced for Germany war aims, to ensure peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic area as a programmatic document, the Cairo Declaration was announced for Japan war aims and ensure peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region a programmatic document. December 2, 1943, Egypt French daily progress published editorials, entitled the Pacific Charter, known as the Cairo Declaration was "the real Pacific Charter", it pointed out that the essence of the problem. It is true that the Cairo Declaration to China clearing Japan militarists invading China crime, safeguarding the country's territorial integrity and sovereignty security provides a legal basis for Japan bullying pressure provide the assurance for the other countries in the Asia-Pacific region to achieve freedom and independence, but also for the Japan people want to live in peace, is to lay the cornerstone of peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region after the war.
Third, the Japan Government's obligation to ensure the implementation of the Cairo Declaration
Japan in 1945, the edict of the Emperor Armistice the Japan surrender, 1972, the Sino-Japanese joint statement and the 1978 Sino-Japanese Treaty of peace and friendship in a public commitment to the implementation of the Cairo Declaration. On July 26, 1945, China and Britain Government Chiang Kai-shek, the Truman and Winston publishes the Japan surrender of the Potsdam Proclamation, eighth section expressly provides that: "the implementation terms of the Cairo Declaration, while Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and our decisions within other islands. "In the Declaration of August 8, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, the Soviet Union of the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, China and Britain, August 9 from Japan entered the war. August 14 Japan of Hirohito in the Armistice edict stated that he has made Japan the Government announced in the United States and Britain, USSR Government: he is willing to accept the Potsdam Proclamation. September 2, in parked Yu Japan Tokyo Bay of United States "Missouri", Battleship Shang, Japan representative liberation Kwai, and meijinmeizhilang signed Japan surrendered book under, surrendered book first article said: according to Japan Emperor, and Japan Government and the Japan stronghold of command, Japan accept United States, and China and United Kingdom Government Summit Yu on July 26, 1945 in Potsdam announced, and thereafter by Soviet participate in of Potsdam bulletin articles; sixth article said: Japan commitment faithful fulfil Potsdam Bulletin under of articles, Published for implementation of the Bulletin of the Supreme Commander of the allies, or representative of the other allied powers instruction of all orders and all measures required.
On September 29, 1972, the People's Republic of China Premier Zhou en-Lai, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr JI Pengfei and Japan Prime Minister Tanaka, Foreign Minister Ohira Masayoshi in Beijing signed the Sino-Japanese joint declaration. Said in a statement: "the People's Republic of China Government reaffirmed that Taiwan is People's Republic of China an integral part of the territory. The Government of Japan fully understands and respects the Chinese Government's position and adhere to the eighth position of the Potsdam Declaration. "August 12, 1978, People's Republic of China Huang Hua of the Plenipotentiary and Plenipotentiary Sonoda of Japan signed the Sino-Japanese peace and friendship treaty, on October 23 at the Tokyo exchange of instruments of ratification, the Treaty entered into force, the Treaty confirmed of the Sino-Japanese joint statement in 1972," is the basis for peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries, should be strictly observed the principles expressed in the Joint Declaration. "
Is to determine the post-war international order in the Cairo Declaration and Japan territorial scope all legal documents, "female", Japan refuses to abide by. This is Japan Mikado and Japan a formal commitment from the Government to the international community, cash, related to Japan's international credibility, people around the world are to be seen.
(The author for the international experts)
格林尼治标准时间1943年12月1日23时30分，中美英三国政府首脑在开罗会议商定的《开罗宣言》同时在重庆、华盛顿、伦敦等地正式公布。70年来，作为战后处理日本侵略问题、保证亚太地区和平与安全的重要国际文件，《开罗宣言》的意义和影响经久不衰，历久弥深。
一、《开罗宣言》体现了中、美、英、苏四大强国为首的反法西斯盟国和人民坚决制止和惩罚日本侵略行径的共同意志
1943年11月22日—26日，时任中国国民政府主席蒋介石、美国总统罗斯福、英国首相丘吉尔率代表团在埃及首都开罗举行国际会议，商讨联合对日作战计划及战后处理日本等重大军事、政治问题，最后商定一份会议公报，即《开罗宣言》。《开罗宣言》是在中美政府首脑长谈基础上，由美方起草，中、美、英三方共同商定的。《开罗宣言》的诞生清楚地表明，它是中美英三国政府首脑亲自确定的，并得到苏联政府首脑完全赞同，是四大强国团结一致的象征，反映了四大强国为首的反法西斯盟国和人民坚决制止和惩罚日本侵略行径的共同意志和心声。诚如罗斯福所说“中美英苏及其盟国代表全世界四分之三以上的人口，只要这四个军事大国团结一致，决心维护和平，就不会出现一个侵略国再次发动世界大战的可能”，四大强国共同赞同《开罗宣言》的意义也在于此。
二、《开罗宣言》反映了反法西斯盟国和人民永远防止和消灭日本侵略潜力、实现战后持久和平与安全的长远原则
《开罗宣言》是在意大利投降、德日法西斯集团陷入困境、反法西斯盟国转入战略进攻且胜利在望的1943年诞生的。在这种背景下，中美英三国首脑在商定《开罗宣言》时，考虑的不仅有如何尽快彻底打败日本法西斯、迫使日本无条件投降，还有战后世界安排问题。三国首脑深知，当时的日本侵略成性且具有相当强的工业、科技、军事实力，是亚太地区和平与安全的心腹之患，1874年以来一再发动对外侵略战争，吞并琉球，霸占朝鲜，严重威胁中国、东南亚国家的生存，严重侵害美、英、苏、法、荷等国在亚太地区的利益。因此，在打败日本之后如何尽一切所能防止日本侵略潜力死灰复燃，实现亚太地区持久和平与安全，不致辜负抗日战争所付出的巨大牺牲，就成为必须解决的重要问题。
为此，中美英三国首脑在开罗会议就他们认为日后若干世代确保亚太地区和平与安全的一些长远原则进行深入讨论。正是根据这些长远原则，《开罗宣言》明确宣布，三国之宗旨，在剥夺日本自从1914年第一次世界大战开始后在太平洋所夺得或占领之一切岛屿；在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如东北四省、台湾、澎湖群岛等，归还中国，日本亦将被驱逐出其以暴力和贪欲所攫取之其他所有土地，在适当的时间使朝鲜自由独立。在开罗会议上，罗斯福、蒋介石还一致同意，美国和中国应共同努力帮助印度支那和其他殖民地在战后取得独立，而泰国则应恢复独立地位。
如同1941年8月美英两国首脑会晤后发表的《大西洋宪章》是宣布对德国作战目的、保证欧洲大西洋地区和平与安全的纲领性文献一样，《开罗宣言》乃是宣布对日本作战目的、保证亚太地区和平与安全的纲领性文献。1943年12月2日埃及法文《进步日报》发表题为《太平洋宪章》的社评，称《开罗宣言》是“真正的太平洋宪章”，可谓点明了问题的实质。诚然，《开罗宣言》不仅为中国清算日本军国主义侵华罪行、捍卫国家领土完整和主权安全提供了法理依据，为受日本欺凌压迫的亚太地区其他国家实现自由独立提供了保证，也为日本人民带来了和平生活的希望，更是奠定战后亚太地区和平与安全的重要基石。
三、日本政府有义务切实履行《开罗宣言》
日本在1945年《天皇停战诏书》《日本投降书》、1972年《中日联合声明》、1978年《中日和平友好条约》中公开承诺履行《开罗宣言》。1945年7月26日，中美英三国政府首脑蒋介石、杜鲁门、丘吉尔发表《促令日本投降之波茨坦公告》，第八条明文规定：“《开罗宣言》之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州、北海道、九州、四国及吾人所决定其他小岛之内。”8月8日苏联在《对日宣战声明》中称，苏联参加7月26日中美英三国《波茨坦公告》，8月9日起与日本进入战争状态。8月14日日本天皇裕仁在《停战诏书》中称，他已令日本政府通告美英中苏四国政府：他愿意接受《波茨坦公告》。9月2日，在停泊于日本东京湾的美国“密苏里”号战列舰上，日本代表重光葵、梅津美治郎签署《日本投降书》，投降书第一条称：根据日本天皇、日本政府及日本大本营的命令，日本接受美国、中国和英国政府首脑于1945年7月26日在波茨坦公布、尔后由苏联参加的波茨坦公告条款；第六条称：日本承诺忠实履行《波茨坦公告》的条款，发布为实施该公告的盟国最高司令官或其他盟国指令代表所要求的一切命令及一切措施。
1972年9月29日，中华人民共和国国务院总理周恩来、外交部长姬鹏飞与日本国内阁总理大臣田中角荣、外务大臣大平正芳在北京签署《中日联合声明》。声明称：“中华人民共和国政府重申：台湾是中华人民共和国领土不可分割的一部分。日本国政府充分理解和尊重中国政府的这一立场，并坚持遵循《波茨坦公告》第八条的立场。”1978年8月12日中华人民共和国全权代表黄华、日本国全权代表园田直在北京签署《中日和平友好条约》，10月23日在东京交换批准书，条约正式生效，条约确认1972年《中日联合声明》“是两国间和平友好关系的基础，联合声明所表明的各项原则应予严格遵守”。
《开罗宣言》是确定战后国际秩序和日本领土范围所有法律文件的“母本”，日本不服也得遵守。这是日本天皇和日本政府对国际社会做出的正式承诺，是否兑现，事关日本的国际信誉，全世界人民都在拭目以待。
（作者为国际问题专家）
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