Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/1 20:56:26 SERF people counting the cost： saving money is not keeping up with house prices rising sharply
Editor's Note: urbanization is the essence of farmer-worker's citizenship. Low-cost urbanization has long, resulting in a large number of migrant workers "thaw does not enter into the city, and can't go back home," and enjoy the city treatment and was not service. Plenary session made it clear that improving healthy development of urbanization system, is to comprehensively improve the quality of urbanization, so that more migrant workers enjoy equal public services and development opportunities. How high is the cost of farmer-worker's citizenship? Agricultural development of the transferred population how to get equal opportunities? What are the current system bottlenecks need to overcome? This edition will focus on these issues continuously.
Medical treatment:
Urban health insurance, can claim at least half to see a doctor, treatment more convenient
Motorcycle repair shop owner Meng Xiang:
Urban residents ' health care: Government subsidies for 280 Yuan per person per year in adults; minor Government subsidies of 60 Yuan, individual pay 40 Yuan
Family of four into the health of urban residents and Government subsidies each year 680 Yuan
"Put your car here, and finish to your repair! "Meng Xiang looked up and said to the customer.
Meng Xiang spent 13 years in Jinan. Over the years, he lived in brick at the site, drove a taxi. In 2005, after 3 years as a motorcycle repair business apprentices, he found a facade under a flyover at the Jinan railway station, opened a shop of his own, while selling second-hand electric cars, motorcycles.
Over the years, Meng Xiang bought houses, cars, and married a wife, having a baby, has a foothold in Jinan. Two doctor experience, make him feel part of this city, and not just your House and your car as simple as that.
Just buy time, in order to repay, he worked day and night, from exhaustion. Wife to accompany him to see a doctor, hospital, "spend $ 10,000, if the people of Jinan, even farmers of Jinan, can claim at least half. "Meng Xiang said that he felt very familiar with this city, but not real people.
Two years ago, his wife was pregnant with the twins, born in Jinan, better medical conditions. Meng Xiang but just bought a home to get his wife back home, and good because it can save thousands of dollars. Meng Xiang's neighbor is more than 60 years "old Jinan", when his grandson was born, Huai yin District people's Hospital took more than 2000 Yuan, subsidies for local governments and family planning departments to a piece.
For now, Meng Xiang are also most worried about a child's medical problems. "In Jinan, child to the hospital, can't claim. Large hospitals, offsite networking clearing will be partially reimbursed, but might as well be home to new rural cooperative medical claims. If incorporated into the urban Medicare, what else can claim. ”
At present, Shandong province, ongoing merger of new rural cooperative medical insurance of urban residents and the pilot. If you want to incorporate your peasants into medical insurance of urban residents, by 2013 Shandong subsidies standards, 280 Yuan per person per year for adults and minors 60 Yuan, Meng Xiang family of the Government into the medical insurance of urban residents, 680 Yuan of subsidies each year.
Endowment:
Ravaging is a zero-risk zero gold, you looked like a unique treatment
Lao Li selling fried pie stew:
Government subsidies per year not less than 30 yuan per person
Pay 4,000 dollars a year, to pay 15
After the age of 60 can lead 490 Yuan a month pension
As night fell, the old Lee began near the Central Campus of Shandong University drive electric cars, selling fried pie stew. He was 55 years old from rural Northeast, a few years ago have been doing home improvements. "Who needs to climb the walls on houses older feel increasingly powerless. Last year started selling fried pie stew. ”
As a mainlander, he came to Jinan for almost 20 years. "Lives in Jinan, Shandong province froze plain, very fond of the city of Jinan. The "a" distracted plain ", the standard accent of Jinan.
Old Li Bai's hair a lot recently, "if able to pay pensioners would be nice! "He said, in Jinan for so many years, home were not acquaintances. "Even if a nursing home is not coming back, but the newspaper said that nursing homes are now hard to come by. ”
"Often come to me eat cake gold five insurances and a college student looking for a job. "He said he is a zero-risk zero gold in this city, nothing old age no guarantees! Last year, he bought a House for his son, and 300,000 yuan of his savings over the years has hollowed out, pension money has nothing left.
Shandong new policies recently, to new farmers and city was merged, on the pension, equal treatment in Shandong farmers and members of the public, Government subsidies for not less than 30 yuan per person per year, but this policy is not directed to Shandong from the provinces of rural Chinese. This old Li with envy: "I also want to pay, guaranteed in such old, not giving children too much pressure! ”
In Shandong, basic old-age insurance payment standard uniform set from 100 Yuan to 5,000 yuan in the province 12 grades. If future policies allow outsiders like Li participated in endowment insurance in Jinan, assuming the old choice of 4,000 Yuan Li, a document, pay 15, after 60 years of age, his monthly pension more than 490 Yuan.
Housing:
Saving money is not keeping up with house prices rising sharply, the biggest wish is to purchase affordable housing
Lin Tao in construction supervision:
Monthly salary of 4,000 yuan, to amass 2000 Yuan a month
Rent 60 square metres of public housing, the minimum monthly rent about 220 Yuan
Purchase affordable housing, 130,000 down payment requirements
Rooted in cities, Lin Tao tangle is to buy a House. Lin Tao is 28 years old, secondary school after graduation taught himself to get the supervisor card, now in the supervision of a management company, is still single. He feels that single reason cannot afford a House is to a large extent. "When you go on a blind date, when I rented a two-bedroom flat with others, most girls will never call me again. ”
"Look at skyscrapers springing up layer upon layer, miso miso to the rise in prices, building a House as much as I cannot afford to buy a House, really bad. "Lin Tao said that rental does not feel at home, themselves have contributed to the construction of the city with the most glorious youth, had not thought it!
Rural home in Jinan's parents, worked hard to cultivate an annual income of just NT $, buyers simply can't count on them. Lin Tao monthly salary of 4,000 yuan now, Jinan house price eight thousand or nine thousand Yuan, refused to eat or drink on her own or buy less than half a square metre.
Lin Tao used to essentially "Moonlight", the age with a sense of urgency and be blind date hit, forced to take matters in his own 24 years old. Now his monthly wage assignment: 700 Yuan rent, eating, communications costs 800 Yuan 100, friends entertain 500 Yuan and other costs 300 yuan. "To amass 2000 Yuan a month, nearly seventy thousand or eighty thousand Yuan saved. Prices rose a lot faster than I'm saving up. ”
"Rooted in cities, would have to have a home of your own. "People apply for affordable housing and Jinan, is Lin Tao's biggest wishes.
Starting in 2012, will be incorporated into the scope of housing security of migrant workers in Jinan, will gradually cover the housing accumulation fund system to have stable jobs for migrant workers, migrant workers are paid part of the provisional ratio of not less than 5% deposit, establishing housing accumulation Fund accounts. If Lin Tao to rent a set of 60 square meters of public housing, minimum monthly rent of 220 Yuan. If Lin Tao choose to purchase affordable housing, to Jinan West JiangYu affordable housing projects as a reference per set average cost more than 400,000 yuan, Lin Tao required down payments of more than 130,000 yuan.
Institutional mechanisms:
Start the pilot urban and rural household registration reform, into the scope of housing security, permanent population focuses on institutional guarantee
Measuring the housing sector in Shandong province, now peasants cost more than 100,000 yuan, it's infrastructure construction and maintenance costs. And migrant workers into the city, providing equal public services still have a long way to go.
Jinan existing migrant worker of 1.5 million people, most of them working on the front line, service line, and for the city to make a large contribution.
"Farmer-worker's citizenship, not simply farmers to move into the cities, to truly integrating peasants into urban housing and the social security system, which is the real integrity, quality of urbanization. "Shandong University Vice Dean of school governance, Deputy Director of the Center for urban development and public policy Professor Wang Dianli said.
Advancing the Equalization of public service, Jinan, positive action. Bureau of Jinan, according to people in charge of the development planning department, has officially launched in Jinan urban-rural Hukou reform experiment, household registration in the actual place of residence. To comply with the conditions of highly skilled migrant workers and settled outstanding migrant workers in urban areas to develop a stepwise policy channel.
In the medical field, Jinan has been the integration of migrant workers into the urban public health service system, opens up Medicare for children of migrant workers the green channel. Since the beginning of April last year, the implementation of newborn "landing" policy over more than 500 migrant families have benefited from it.
In the area of housing, of Jinan public housing policy was implemented by many migrant workers "treatment". Now accepting applications for public rental housing in the city of 12,500, which migrant families accounted for 50%.
In terms of endowment, established a basic old-age insurance system in Jinan, a new farmers ' insurance and home insurance combined, and set up a 12-speed, no longer distinguishing between farmers, members of the public.
Next the contribution of peasant workers ' citizenization, Wang Dianli believes that farmer-worker's citizenship was a gradual process, classification should be advancing, entered the city's migrant workers, focusing on job opportunities, focuses on system to protect the resident population, the Government in the formulation of public policies, the basis of the place of permanent residence, steadily promote town residents full coverage of basic public services.
编者按：城镇化本质是农民工市民化。长期以来的低成本城镇化，致使大量农民工“融不进城市、回不去家乡”，享受不到城里人的待遇和服务。三中全会明确提出，完善城镇化健康发展体制，就是要全面提高城镇化质量，让更多农民工享受均等公共服务和发展机会。农民工变市民成本有多高？农业转移人口如何获得均等的发展机会？当前有哪些制度瓶颈亟待突破？本版将连续聚焦这些问题。
医疗：
纳入城市医保，看病至少能报销一半，就医更方便
摩托车修理铺店主孟祥：
城镇居民医保： 成人政府补贴每人每年280元；未成年人政府补贴60元，个人缴纳40元
全家四口纳入城镇居民医保，政府每年需补贴680元
“您把车放这吧，修完手里的就给你修！”孟祥抬头对顾客说。
孟祥在济南呆了13个年头。这些年，他在工地上搬过砖，开过出租车。2005年，当了3年摩托车维修学徒工后，他在济南火车站的天桥底下找了个门面，自己开了个修理店，同时卖二手电动车、摩托车。
这些年，孟祥买了房子、车子，娶了媳妇，有了孩子，在济南有了立足之地。但是两次看病经历，让他觉得融入这个城市，并不仅仅是有房子、车子这么简单。
刚买房那段时间，为了还贷，他没日没夜地干活，累病了。妻子陪着他去看病、住院， “那次花了得有1万块，如果是济南市民，甚至是济南农民，至少能报销一半。”孟祥说，这时候他才觉得自己虽然很熟悉这个城市，但并不是真正的市民。
前两年，妻子怀了双胞胎，想在医疗条件更好的济南生。但刚买了房的孟祥却把妻子送回了老家，因为这样能省好几千元。孟祥的邻居是60多岁的“老济南”，他孙子出生时，在槐荫区人民医院才花了2000多元，当地政府、计生部门还给补助了一块。
眼下，孟祥最担心的还有孩子的医疗问题。“在济南，孩子去一般医院看病，报销不了。去大医院，异地联网结算会报销一部分，但还不如老家新农合报销多。要是纳入城市医保，还能多报销。”
目前，山东省正在进行新农合和城镇居民医疗保险的合并试点。如果要将进城农民纳入到城镇居民医疗保险，按照2013年山东的补贴标准，成人每人每年280元，未成年人60元，政府要将孟祥全家纳入城镇居民医疗保险，每年需补贴680元。
养老：
年过半百还是零险零金，盼跟本地人一样待遇
卖炒焖饼的老李：
政府补贴每年每人不少于30元
每年补缴4000元，补缴15年
60岁后每月可领490元养老金
夜幕降临，老李又开始在山东大学中心校区附近开着电动车，卖起了炒焖饼。来自东北农村的他55岁，前些年一直做房屋装修。“那个需要上墙爬屋，年龄大了越来越觉得力不从心。去年开始卖炒焖饼。”
作为一个外省人，他来济南快20年了。“在济南大半辈子，山东人愣朴实，很喜欢济南这个城市。”一个“愣朴实”，标准的济南口音。
最近老李白头发多了不少，“要是能在这缴领养老金就好了！”老李说，在济南待了这么多年，老家都没熟人了。“即使住养老院都不会回去了，但看报纸说现在养老院都一床难求。”
“经常听来我这吃炒饼的大学生找工作谈五险一金。”老李说，他在这个城市是零险零金，啥也没有，老来没保障啊！去年，老李给儿子买了婚房，把这些年的30万元积蓄都掏空了，养老的钱一个都没剩下。
最近山东新出台政策，对新农保和城居保进行了合并，在养老上，山东农民和市民同等待遇，政府补贴每年每人不少于30元，而这项政策目前还不涉及外省来山东打工的农民。这让老李羡慕不已：“俺也挺想补缴，这样老来有保障，不会给子女太大压力！”
在山东，居民基本养老保险个人缴费标准全省统一设了100元至5000元12个档次。如果未来政策允许像老李这样的外地人在济南参加养老保险，假设老李选择4000元这一档，补缴15年，满60岁后，他可以每月领养老金490多元。
住房：
攒钱速度赶不上房价涨速，最大愿望是申购保障房
建筑监理林涛：
月工资4000元，每个月攒2000元
租60平方米的公租房，每月最低租金220元左右
购买保障房，需首付13万元
扎根城市，林涛纠结的是买房。林涛28岁，中专毕业后，自学拿到监理证，现在在一家监理公司做监理，依然单身。他觉得，自己单身的原因很大程度上是买不起房子。“去相亲时，当得知我和别人合租一个两居室，多数女孩就不再联系我了。”
“看着层层高楼拔地而起，房价则噌噌往上涨，我这个盖房子的却买不起房子，心里真不是滋味。”林涛说，租房没有家的感觉，自己为这个城市建设贡献了最灿烂的青春年华，住有所居算不上奢求吧！
在济南农村老家的父母，辛辛苦苦种地一年收入只有万把块，买房根本指望不上他们。林涛现在月工资4000元，济南房子均价八九千元，靠自己不吃不喝还买不到半平方米。
林涛以前基本属于“月光族”，年龄大了有紧迫感，又受到相亲的打击，24岁开始强迫自己攒钱。现在他每月的工资这样分配：房租700元、吃饭800元、通讯费100元、朋友聚会娱乐500元，其他支出300元。“每个月攒2000元，差不多攒了七八万元了。可房价上涨比我攒钱速度快多了。”
“扎根城市，怎么也得有个属于自己的窝。”和济南市民一样申请购买保障房，是林涛目前最大的愿望。
自2012年起，济南将外来务工人员纳入了住房保障范围，将住房公积金制度逐步覆盖到有稳定工作的农民工，农民工个人缴纳部分暂按不低于5%的比例缴存，先行建立住房公积金账户。如果林涛租一套60平方米的公租房，每月最低租金220元左右。如果林涛选择申购保障房，以济南西蒋峪保障房项目为参考，每套平均建设成本40多万元，林涛需首付13万余元。
体制机制：
启动城乡户籍改革试点，纳入住房保障范围，常住人口侧重制度保障
山东住建部门测算，目前农民市民化的成本是10多万元，这只是基础设施建设和维护费用。而让农民工真正融入城市，提供均等的公共服务还有很长的路要走。
济南现有农民工150万人，他们大多工作在生产一线、服务一线，为这个城市做出了很大贡献。
“农民工市民化，不是简单的农民迁入城市，要真正的将进城农民纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系，这才是真正完整、高质量的城镇化。”山东大学政管学院副院长、城市发展与公共政策研究中心副主任王佃利教授说。
推进公共服务均等化，济南积极行动。据济南市人社局发展规划处有关负责人介绍，济南已正式启动城乡户籍改革试点，将户口登记在实际居住地。还为符合条件的高技能农民工和优秀农民工在市区落户制定了阶梯式政策通道。
在医疗方面，济南已将农民工纳入城市公共卫生服务体系，对农民工子女开辟了医保绿色通道。自去年4月开始，实行新生儿“落地参保”政策，已有500多个农民工家庭从中受益。
在住房方面，济南的公租房政策让不少农民工实现了“同城待遇”。目前，全市接受公租房申请1.25万件，其中外来务工家庭的申请约占50%。
在养老方面，济南建立了居民基本养老保险制度，将新农保和城居保合并，并设置了12档，不再区分农民、市民。
对于下一步如何推动农民工市民化，王佃利认为，农民工市民化是个渐进的过程，应分类推进，刚进入城市的农民工，重点解决工作机会；常住人口侧重制度保障，政府在制定公共政策时，要以常住地为依据，稳步推进基本公共服务城镇常住人口全覆盖。
赞