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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/2 10:03:26 Lunar Rover will always be the Moon， Chief Engineer， afraid to steal the secret
China Aerospace to date will be completed the most difficult task, needs seven banks
According to Xinhua today, 1:30, long March carrying Chang, third third b rocket fire, successfully launched, as of press time, Chang, third have entered a perigee altitude of 200 km and an apogee of about 380,000 km from earth-moon transfer orbit.
It is understood that the Chinese lunar exploration program by a lunar exploration satellite systems, rocket systems, launch systems, measuring and control system and ground application system composed of five systems.
Launches b Chang, third is the long third, improved rocket. The rocket first dual laser inertial measurement unit with satellite navigation amendments guidance mode, ensuring precise satellite into orbit.
According to the National Defense Science and Industry Council spokesman Ng Chee-kin, introduced to become immortal, the third is by far the most complex in China Aerospace, the most difficult task, key technology, technology to conquer large spans, high risk. Moon exploration is a very complex and highly risky projects, according to the statistics, as of now, not including Chang, third, conducted a total of 129 lunar exploration activities in the world. Among them, the United States 59, 64, the former Soviet Union, Japan and China all 2 times, ESA and India 1, succeed or succeeded 66 times, falling 63 times, the success rate is only 51%.
Chang, third, faces a huge difficulty 7 requires over 7 "banks", including multiple narrow width of a window on-time launch, Lunar soft landing, months away, two players separation operation, lunar surface survival, tracking telemetry command and communication, experimental verification on the ground.
For the most critical "Moon" for this part, faced three major difficulties: the first is a smooth landing, followed by adapt to Lunar Rover on the Moon's surface topography and the third is the Rovers must be able to withstand temperature as high as more than 300 degree Celsius heat in the cold.
Wu Weiren, Chief Designer of China's lunar exploration engineering:
Detector with a flag on the moon will be passed back to the photo
According to Xinhua News Agency yesterday, Wu Weiren, Chief Designer of China's lunar exploration engineering told Xinhua in an exclusive interview, revealed that on both the Rover and Lander had a red flag, but not necessarily be inserted above the moon.
Wu Weiren said that after the probe landed, walking down the Rover, Rover and Lander, respectively the camera would shoot each other. Finally, wants to bring up a red flag (photo) shot back to back.
Use Moon energy
Short term temporary fail to achieve
Reporter: "Chang-third" in the area of development and utilization of lunar resources what are the tasks? How far are we from Moon's abundant resources?
Wu Weiren: we would like to achieve the project objectives on the one hand, on the one hand is the scientific goals. We configured several scientific payloads, first configure the month based optical telescopes, celestial bodies on the moon. We see celestial bodies on the planet, the research study on the solar system, the universe, or a planet, we had a great influence on the Earth's atmosphere. Because the moon has no atmosphere, so on top of it is a "through train", clarity is very high. Second, the Moon 14 days, 14 nights, a lunar day is equivalent to 28 of our earth day, so it's in the same place for a long time observing a celestial body or region, this awareness of the known solar system, objects of great scientific value. Then there is the Lunar laser radar, allows you to explore the range of 30 meters to 100 meters on the Moon, we have to observe the Moon's composition, these are scientific goals.
As regards energy, according to Americans and our tower "first", "Chang-second" scientific exploration results, do think helium 3 is relatively abundant on the moon. Of course many metals, and chemical elements not found on Earth. But to achieve detection, acquisition, transport, return of the helium-3 is a great deal of scientific problems, is not achievable in the short term.
Lander Rovers
Back afraid to steal the secret
Reporter: will the tower ", third" after the task is completed, Rover and Lander will always remain on the Moon, netizens are concerned about both "baby" 's whereabouts. There are above belongs to our nation's secrets will be stolen.
Wu Weiren: current design goals are, the lander on the Moon for one year, Lunar Rover on the Moon for three months. Of course, we hope it can achieve this life and hope beyond this life, like the tower "second." "The moon lady, second" design working time is six months, and now has more than three years, and flies to 62 million kilometers to go, if nothing else, around 17 years you can also return to Earth, as it now is the artificial asteroid orbiting the Sun.
High-tech, secret things on the Moon is also okay, and no one is able to detect it or steal it, we don't have such worries, without this necessary. And this situation is unlikely to have, after a long, perhaps a State launches probe, it is at the same location or near, far surely can't go, so you don't have to worry about a leak problem.
Luan enjie, Sun jiadong, Ouyang Ziyuan – goddess of the "iron triangle" on the Moon
After a number of years the Moon communications will bring convenience
According to Xinhua today, "Chang-girl" fly to the Moon, there are three old men invariably come to see her off. They are China's lunar exploration project, "Chang-first" Director Luan enjie, the China lunar exploration project "change first" Sun jiadong, Chief Designer of Chinese lunar exploration project, "Chang-first" applied sciences Chief Scientist Ouyang Ziyuan. Known as Chang "iron triangle". Let us listen to the three Lunar spirit "watchmen" message.
■栾恩杰：
Not for the people that go too far, we will not leave
Reporter: United States 1969 to achieve a manned moon landing, Moon exploration in China how to make a difference?
Luan enjie: we want international cooperation, technology does not give, can only be based on self-reliance and hard work. Indeed, the United States has put a human on the moon. If we don't go because others go far, that our space, deep space can only be looked at others, the Chinese were not as.
Reporter: spaceflight, lunar exploration such cutting-edge technology to benefit people's livelihood?
Luan enjie: scientific progress and the people's lives, just a matter of time. We now Beidou navigation engineering, GPS in China, is to demand that led technology advances, technology directly linked to people's livelihood. Over a number of years, Moon communications system will bring convenience to human life.
■孙家栋：
Success can "walk before sunset"
Reporter: 2004 Lunar project when you are 75 years old. In the short space of three years, completed China's first lunar probe, pressure like?
Sun jiadong: the moon as the first step towards deep space exploration is not easy, there was only until United States, (former) Soviet Union and a small number of countries involved. This is a huge project, any one link has the right of veto. A wire, a device, a blueprint, not to mention the error, how many kind of unlikely to cause significant problems. Despite the pressure, but also with confidence. Where is the confidence-building? On confidence-building in China's aerospace team. After decades of training, growth, people for aerospace excellence, tried by all means to bring their products to do well.
Reporter: "Chang, third" probe over 80% new research and technology, "the moon lady, third," what was the biggest technical difficulty?
Sun jiadong: the real difficulty is to be accurate down to the celestial body other than the Earth. Moon has no air, need a variable thrust engine and gradually slows down. During landing, the detector will hover at some point, observe the fall of the Moon's surface. If surface is bad can be amended again, find a flat, this is the hover-avoidance. Detectors are required during hover to see clearly, judge very quickly. After you select a good location, and then fall.
"The moon lady, third" successful not successful is to see "the moon lady" can you "before sunset", "rabbit" could the Moon "walk up" visits survey. "The moon lady, third" new things more natural tackling difficult, more difficult to focus on something new.
Ouyang Ziyuan:
Rainbow Bay because there is a moon landing the space research
Reporter: "Chang-third" preselected landing zone, Rainbow Bay, what is the value of scientific research?
Ouyang Ziyuan: landing zone first of all good communication; the second Sun is better; III the study of scientific problems are four relatively flat; other countries haven't been up v. United States and Soviet lunar exploration to more places are near the Moon's equator, don't have much higher latitudes. Rainbow Bay is the gap in the study of the moon. We would like to know where the knowledge. For example, there are causes of what rocks, what, how.
Reporter: why now many countries to speed up the pace of exploration?
Ouyang Ziyuan: first of all, the moon has an abundance of energy. Such as solar and helium-3. Day one month is equivalent to half a month on Earth, can lay a variety of solar magnetic sheet, after transforming solar energy into electric energy on the moon to the Earth. The resource has more than 1 million tons of helium-3 on the moon. Extremely rich mineral resources of the Moon, such as uranium and thorium ores, rare earths, and Titanium Ore.
In addition, the temperature is great, there is no atmosphere on the moon. Such a special environment for new materials or biological product research and development. Detection of water on the Moon right now, it's a trendy thing.
(Edit: SN091)December 02, 2013 Golden Goat excursions, Express News(月球车将永留月球 总工程师称不怕被窃密|月球|嫦娥三号|工程师_新闻资讯
将完成中国航天迄今难度最大的任务，需要过七道坎
据新华社电 今天1时30分，搭载着嫦娥三号的长征三号乙运载火箭点火发射，顺利升空，截至记者发稿时，嫦娥三号已进入近地点高度200公里、远地点高度约38万公里的地月转移轨道。
据了解，中国探月工程由月球探测卫星系统、运载火箭系统、发射场系统、测控系统和地面应用系统五大系统组成。
用于发射嫦娥三号的是长征三号乙改进型运载火箭。这枚火箭首次采取双激光惯组加卫星导航修正复合制导方式，确保卫星精确入轨。
据国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚介绍，嫦娥三号是我国航天领域迄今最复杂、难度最大的任务，需要攻克的关键技术多、技术跨度大、实施风险高。月球探测是一项非常复杂并具有高风险的工程，据资料统计，截至目前，不包括嫦娥三号，世界上共进行了129次月球探测活动。其中，美国59次，原苏联64次，日本和中国各2次，欧空局和印度各1次，成功或基本成功66次，失败63次，成功率仅有51%。
具体到嫦娥三号来说，面临着7大难点，需要迈过7道“坎”，包括多窗口窄宽度准时发射、月面软着陆、两器分离、月地间遥操作、月面生存、测控通信、地面试验验证等。
对于最为关键的“落月”这一环节来说，就面临三大难点：首先是平稳着陆，其次是月球车适应月球表面地形，第三是月球车必须能够抵御温差高达300多摄氏度的严寒酷暑。
■中国探月工程总设计师吴伟仁：
探测器自带国旗登月将传回照片
据新华社电昨天，中国探月工程总设计师吴伟仁在接受记者专访时透露，这次在月球车和着陆器上都有五星红旗，但不一定是插在月球上面了。
吴伟仁说，探测器降落下去以后，月球车走下来，月球车和着陆器分别都有相机，会互相拍。最后是希望能够把五星红旗(的照片)拍到后传回来。
利用月球能源
短期内暂无法实现
记者：“嫦娥三号”在开发利用月球资源方面具体任务是什么？我们距离利用月球丰富的资源还有多远？
吴伟仁：我们要实现的一方面是工程目标，一方面是科学目标。我们配置了多种科学载荷，第一配置月基光学望远镜，要在月球上看天体。我们在地球上看天体、研究太阳系、研究宇宙或者某个星球，地球大气层对我们影响很大。月球因为没有大气，所以在它上面是“直通车”，清晰度非常高。第二，月球上14个白天，14个黑夜，一个月球日相当于我们28个地球日，所以它在同一个地点可以长时间观测某一个天体或天区，这对认识太阳系、认识天体很有科学价值。还有就是测月雷达，可以探测月球上30米到100米左右的范围，我们要观察月亮的组成，这些都是科学目标。
至于说能源，根据美国人和我们“嫦娥一号”、“嫦娥二号”的科学探测结果，确实认为月球上氦3比较丰富。当然还有很多金属和化学元素是地球上没有的。但要实现氦3的探测、采集、运输、返回是一个很大的科学难题，不是短期内能够实现的。
着陆器月球车
不回来不怕被窃密
记者：此次“嫦娥三号”任务完成后，月球车和着陆器会永远留在月球上，网友们很关心这两个“宝贝”的下落。还有上面一些属于我们国家的机密会不会被窃取。
吴伟仁：目前设计的目标是，着陆器在月球工作一年，月球车在月球工作三个月。当然，我们希望它能够实现这个寿命，也希望超过这个寿命，就像“嫦娥二号”一样。“嫦娥二号”设计的工作时间是半年，到现在已经三年多了，而且飞到了6200万公里去了，如果不出意外，17年之后还可以返回到地球附近，因为它现在是绕着太阳运行的人造小行星。
高技术、机密的东西留在月球上也没关系，也没人能够到上面去探测它或者窃取它，我们没这种担心，也没这种必要。而且短期内这种情况也不会有，以后时间长了，说不定某个国家发射探测器上去了，那要在同样地点或者在附近，远了肯定去不了，所以不必担心泄密的问题。
栾恩杰、孙家栋、欧阳自远——嫦娥“铁三角”谈登月
若干年后月球通信将带来便捷
据新华社电今天，“嫦娥姑娘”奔月，有三位老人不约而同来为她送行。他们是中国绕月探测工程“嫦娥一号”总指挥栾恩杰、中国绕月探测工程“嫦娥一号”总设计师孙家栋和中国绕月探测工程“嫦娥一号”应用科学首席科学家欧阳自远。人称嫦娥“铁三角”。让我们一起聆听三位探月精神的“守望者”的寄语。
不能因别人走得很远我们就不走
记者：美国1969年就实现了载人登月，中国探月如何有所作为？
栾恩杰：我们愿意国际合作，但高科技不会白给，只能立足自力更生、艰苦奋斗。的确，美国早已把活人送上了月球。如果因为别人走得很远我们就不走了，那我们的航天、深空事业只能瞅着别人干，中国人就没有作为。
记者：航天、探月这样的尖端科技对民生有哪些好处？
栾恩杰：科学进步与人民的生活一定相关，只是一个时间问题。比如我们现在搞北斗导航工程，中国的GPS，就是需求牵引技术进步，技术直接与民生挂钩。可能过若干年，月球通信系统将给人类的生活带来便捷。
成功与否在能否“落下去走起来”
记者：2004年探月工程正式立项时您75岁了。在短短三年时间内，完成中国第一次绕月探测，压力大不大？
孙家栋：探月作为深空探测的第一步确实不易，之前世界上只有美国、(原)苏联等少数国家涉足。这是一个庞大的系统工程，任何一个环节都有否决权。一根导线、一个器件、一张图纸，不要说错误，多少有点儿不太合理都会造成重大问题。虽然有压力，但也要充满信心。信心建设在哪里？信心就建设在中国航天这支队伍上。经过几十年锻炼、成长，大家对航天事业精益求精，想尽一切办法都要把自己的产品搞好。
记者：“嫦娥三号”探测器新研技术超过80%，“嫦娥三号”最大的技术难点是什么？
孙家栋：真正的难度是要准确落到地球以外的天体。月球没有空气，需要用变推力发动机逐步减速。降落的过程中，探测器会在一定角度上悬停，观察要落的月表。如果月表情况不好可以再修正，找个平整的地，这就是悬停避障。在悬停的过程中需要探测器看得清楚，判断得非常快。选择好地点后，再落下去。
“嫦娥三号”成功没成功，就是看“嫦娥”能不能“落下去”，“玉兔”能不能在月面“走起来”进行巡视勘察。“嫦娥三号”新研的东西比较多，自然攻关困难，把新东西集中起来更困难。
■欧阳自远：
着陆虹湾因那里是月球研究的空白
记者：“嫦娥三号”预选着陆区虹湾的科研价值是什么？
欧阳自远：着陆区首先通信得好；第二阳光要好；第三可以研究的科学问题多；第四相对比较平坦；第五其他国家还没有去勘察过。美国和苏联月球探测到的较多的地方是月球赤道附近，高纬度地区不多。虹湾是月球研究的空白。我们希望了解那里的知识。比如，有什么石头、什么成分、怎么起因的。
记者：为什么现在不少国家加快了探月的步伐？
欧阳自远：首先月球有丰富的能源。比如太阳能和氦3。一个月昼相当于地球上的半个月，可以铺设各种太阳能电磁板，把月球上的太阳能转变成电能以后输送到地球。月球上氦3的资源量有100多万吨。月球的矿产资源极其丰富，比如铀矿、钍矿、稀土、钛矿等。
此外，月球上温差极大、没有大气。这样的特殊环境有利于新材料甚至生物制品的研发。现在探测月球上的水，这也是很时髦的一件事。
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