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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/2 10:12:40 Full record of Chang e， third launch
Xinhuanet, Xichang, December 2 (reporters Wang Jingguo and Li Qinghua and)-December 1, 2013, Xichang satellite launching site. Surrounded by hills, long March b rocket stood quietly in the second, third, next to the launching Tower.
It holds is a big lead--Chang third.
After 6 hours, carrying Chinese lunar new dream of Chang e, third will embrace "the rabbit" depart from here, to the 380,000 miles away-"Moon Palace".
Refueling at low temperature: rocket launch countdown
Launch site area, several wearing blue static clothing, wearing cotton gloves for staff on the second tower began to add the third-stage rocket "power"-the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
"This marks the launch countdown. "Sun Baowei, Secretary of the Xichang satellite launch Center said," once you start filling of cryogenic propellant, firing into irreversible State. ”
Rockets top, fog-shrouded. Despite strict fuel tank insulation design, rocket around the air is rapidly condense into water vapor. In order to prevent icing, must constantly scavenge with nitrogen, until the last few seconds before launch.
Pool combustion launching Tower is 500 metres away, the fire burns –
"Liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen are flammable and explosive gas. Grain of old stones from a height of one meter free fall the energy generated by, and would detonate liquid hydrogen. Need to raise one side raises pressure relief. "Chen Fuzhong raises hand said that starting from the filling, there must be two dedicated line kept imported combustion vaporization of the fuel pool, until the filling is over.
43 year old Chen Fuzhong notation is an experienced hand. For 20 years, raises his hand over more than 2000 cubic metres of propellant, there was a human error and negligently. "As long as operations in strict accordance with the procedures work, you can do no wrong. "He said.
2nd, refueling is completed at low temperature. Within the field, the other post workers have begun to evacuate. Chen Fuzhong is finishing up the final phase of the Apostille completed recheck again, quickly after the underground bunkers.
Ignition: "zero-window" launch
As launch time approached, the Xichang satellite launch Center in the busier post staff –
Remote control inside the building, measuring external logging system, telemetry, technical staff, final test check for rockets; command and control center Hall, password different console before scheduling loudly; aims at researchers collimators are being closely monitored the rocket's posture; lawn not far from the launch site area, fire, safety and security group are standing by.
"The one-minute preparation! "2nd, Commander yanliqing 0th, sonorous voice, suddenly sounded in the quiet valley.
All eyes suddenly get to the 2nd Tower. Launch site area, reporters from dozens of national and international media to "Lance short Cannon" at the imminent departure of Chang e, third.
"5, 4, 3, 2, 1, ignition! "1:30 yanliqing powerful password issued, launch control station operator Bai Chunbo rapid red ignition button is pressed.
"The rockets exactly zero window ' launched on time. "Deputy Commander Zhao Min looked at allegations of the launch site system screen displays the timing of the launch of the Hall said that not only does this ensure that Chang, third entered the earth-moon transfer orbit precisely, but also saves fuel, to power the detector of follow-up.
Bundle of 4 booster rocket spewed a cloud of orange flames, long March b rockets were built, third. Huge flames instantaneous hundreds of tons of water into gas in a flow tank.
As if the air was torn with a sound burst, roaring to the mountains around and stood in km than a lot of people got to cover the ears.
In this mission, to become immortal, the third request to enter earth-moon transfer orbit, and Chang, third more weight than Chang, second has increased by more than 1000 kg, so choose the long third, improved rocket. "It is one of the country's strongest orbital launch vehicle, carrying capacity of more than 5,000 kilograms. "Said Jiang Jie, Chief Designer of the rocket system.
After more than 10 seconds, toward Southeast flight of the rocket trailed a long exhaust plume disappeared in the vast darkness.
Arrow separation: Chang-third precisely on track
Rocket blast off at the moment, tens of thousands of participants across the lunar exploration program personnel and tens of thousands of sets of equipment to start.
From the Beijing Aerospace command and control center, Xian satellite monitoring center, Qingdao, Xiamen, Kashi and other measuring and control station, and YuanWang tracking ship at sea control network consisting of real-time tracking of rocket.
"Rocket flight normal" "trace normal", "telemetry signal normal" ... ... Loud voices in the dubbed "pineapple Groove" echoed through the Valley.
Launch command and control center on the giant screens in the Hall, all kinds of data, charts, along with the rocket's flight path changes frequently, full data under three-dimension environment simulation system for three dimensional animation in real time, real, to visualize a rocket flight.
This year, the Xichang satellite launch Center has built a distance measuring visualization command monitoring systems, measuring and control command monitoring system, completed, including measuring and control equipment replacement of hundreds of technical improvement, further increases the reliability of the launch site.
Rocket, one or two level two or three separate grade separation, rockets, three-engine shutdown, three-level secondary ignition engine, three-stage engine shut down for the second time, arrow combination of normal flight attitude at all times. This is since the formation of the 83rd launch of the Xichang satellite launch Center, and 130th lunar exploration activities throughout the world.
, 2nd, arrows separate. Charged Hall, previously strained nerve staff gave a relaxed smile on his face.
Data from the Beijing Aerospace command and control center showed that satellite high speed over the Pacific into a perigee of 200 kilometers and apogee of about 380,000 km from earth-moon transfer orbit ... ...
The scientists designed Moon road, Chang e, third the next after the main deceleration, rapid adjustment, near, hover, obstacle avoidance, slow decline of 6 stages, such as slowing from month from 15 km height down to the Moon's surface.
, 2nd, the wing. For Chang, third on orbit, the Sun is the main source of electrical energy.
Xichang satellite launch Center Director Zhang Zhenzhong announced Chang, third shuttle mission a complete success!
At this point, Chang Miao third satellite in-Ho fast-flying in space. Moon, is looking forward to the arrival of Chinese visitors ... ...
新华网西昌12月2日电（记者王经国 李清华 田野）2013年12月1日19时30分，西昌卫星发射场。群山环抱中，长征三号乙运载火箭静静地伫立在二号发射塔架旁。
它托举着的就是万众瞩目的主角——嫦娥三号。
6个小时后，承载着中国探月新梦想的嫦娥三号就将怀抱“玉兔”从这里启程，奔向38万公里之外的“月宫”。
低温燃料加注：火箭发射倒计时
发射场区，几名身穿蓝色静电服、手戴棉质手套的工作人员在二号塔架开始为第三级火箭添加“动力”——液氢和液氧。
“这标志着火箭发射已进入倒计时。”西昌卫星发射中心党委书记孙保卫说，“一旦开始加注低温推进剂，发射就进入不可逆状态。”
火箭上端，雾气缭绕。尽管燃料贮箱进行了严格的保温设计，火箭周围的空气还是迅速地被冷凝成水汽。为了防止结冰，要不停地用氮气吹除，直至发射前的最后几秒。
发射塔架500米外燃烧池内，大火熊熊燃烧——
“液氢液氧是易燃、易爆的气体。米粒大的石子从一米的高处自由下落所产生的能量，就能把液氢引爆。因此加注时需要一边加注一边泄压。”加注手陈复忠说，从加注开始，要有两条专用管路不停地把汽化的燃料导入燃烧池，直到加注结束。
今年43岁的陈复忠是一名经验丰富的加注手。20年来，经他手加注的2000多立方米推进剂，没有出现一次人为操作失误和重大责任事故。“只要严格按照工作规程操作，就可以做到万无一失。”他说。
2日1时26分，低温燃料加注完毕。场区内，其他岗位人员已开始撤离。刚刚加注完毕的陈复忠将最后阶段的收尾工作重新检查一遍，之后迅速转入地下掩体。
点火：“零窗口”发射
随着发射时刻的临近，西昌卫星发射中心各岗位工作人员更加忙碌——
远控楼内，电测、遥测、外测等系统技术人员，对火箭进行最后的测试检查；指控中心大厅内，不同操作台前调度口令声此起彼伏；瞄准间里，科研人员正用瞄准仪密切监测火箭的姿态；发射场区草坪不远处，消防车、安全保障组随时待命。
“一分钟准备！”2日1时29分，零号指挥员鄢利清洪亮的声音，在静谧的山谷间骤然响起。
所有人的目光顿时聚向2号塔架。发射场区内，来自数十家中外媒体的记者纷纷把“长枪短炮”对准了即将起程的嫦娥三号。
“5、4、3、2、1，点火！”1时30分，鄢利清发出铿锵有力的口令，发射控制台操作手白春波迅速按下了红色点火按钮。
“火箭完全按照‘零窗口’准时发射。”发射场系统副指挥长赵民看着指控大厅屏幕显示的发射时间说，这不仅可以保证嫦娥三号精确进入地月转移轨道，而且还节省了燃料，为探测器的后续工作提供动力。
捆绑着4枚助推器的火箭喷出一股橘红色烈焰，长征三号乙火箭拔地而起。巨大的火焰将导流槽内数百吨水瞬时化为气体。
一声仿佛空气被撕碎的声音瞬间爆发，轰鸣声向四周群山压来，站在千米之外的许多人不由自主地捂上了耳朵。
在这次任务中，嫦娥三号要求一次进入地月转移轨道，而且嫦娥三号的重量比嫦娥二号增加了1000多公斤，因此选用了长征三号乙改进型火箭。“它是我国目前推力最大的轨道运载火箭，运载能力达到5000多公斤。”火箭系统总设计师姜杰说。
10多秒后，向着东南方向飞行的火箭拖着长长的尾焰消失在茫茫夜幕中。
器箭分离：嫦娥三号精确入轨
火箭腾空而起的那一刻，整个探月工程的上万名参试人员和数万台套设备一齐启动。
由北京航天飞行控制中心，西安卫星测控中心，青岛、厦门、喀什等地测控站，以及远望号海上测量船组成的测控网对火箭实时跟踪。
“火箭飞行正常”“跟踪正常”“遥测信号正常”……清脆响亮的声音在这个被称为“菠萝沟”的山谷中回荡。
发射场指控中心大厅的巨大屏幕上，各类数据、图表随着火箭的飞行轨迹频频变化，三维环境下的全程数据实时仿真系统以三维动画，真实、直观地显示着火箭的飞行状态。
今年以来，西昌卫星发射中心先后建成了远距离测发指挥监控系统、测控指挥监视可视化系统，完成了包括测控设备更新换代等在内的上百项技术改进，进一步提高了发射场的可靠性。
火箭一二级分离、火箭二三级分离，三级发动机一次关机、三级发动机二次点火、三级发动机二次关机，器箭组合体始终保持正常飞行姿态。这是西昌卫星发射中心组建以来的第83次发射，也是全世界第130次月球探测活动。
2日1时48分许，器箭分离。指控大厅里，此前一直紧绷着神经的工作人员，脸上露出了轻松的笑容。
北京航天飞行控制中心传来数据显示，卫星在太平洋上空正高速进入近地点200公里、远地点约38万公里的地月转移轨道……
按照科学家设计的奔月路，嫦娥三号接下来将经过主减速段、快速调整段、接近段、悬停段、避障段、缓速下降段等6个阶段的减速，实现从月距面15公里的高度下降至月球表面。
2日2时18分许，太阳翼展开。对于在轨运行的嫦娥三号来说，太阳是其电能的主要来源。
西昌卫星发射中心主任张振中宣布：嫦娥三号发射任务取得圆满成功！
此时，嫦娥三号卫星在浩淼太空中快速飞行。月宫，正期待着这位中国访客的到来……
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