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The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/5 11:05:39 Fellow， only allowed to retire
Qin Boyi pharmacologists, senior academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, served as President of the Academy of military medical researcher,.
"Fellow of the retired" sound like a strange word. But so far, academicians in the country, permitted to retire, Qin Boyi only one person. 9 years ago, more than 70 years old, he removed the military medical Academy of post, kept the Academician title. Then one-day national, while not forgetting the voice on social issues.
Recently, 18 plenary session suggested that the reform member of selection and management system, introduced fellow retirement and exit the system. Academia Sinica make envious of Qin Boyi sound. All this makes it look again a Qin Boyi.
"This, I even did not recognize the heterogeneous"
A: when retirement idea came out of nowhere, was brewing for a long time?
Qin Boyi: according to army regulations, I am 65 years old can retire. But I was around the age of 60 after considering retirement arrangements, after 60 years started to select and cultivate successors.
Do you really retire, it has been more than 70 years old, because commentary on fellow slow down now?
Qin Boyi: in 1994, I became the first batch of academicians of the Chinese Academy of engineering. I was 62 years old, in the first batch of academicians ' young. A lot of commentary on Academia Sinica Professor didn't retire, I'll be back don't fit right. Until 2004, only when I'm 72 reported formally to the organization.
A: did you have a retirement process? Have encountered some resistance?
Qin Boyi: Military Academy of me very well. Central to report, that's not good, so no precedent before. Looked through all the files, didn't say what academicians aged retired from the unit, never said Academia Sinica cannot drop out. Program do? Who's going to? Final report from central China's Central Military Commission. Down for the second year.
I think because of his back, was determined, with leaders at all levels to understand, they are able to step down.
A: ever since the commentary on fellow, simply do not return?
Qin Boyi: fellow, I think is just an honorary title, arrangements have little impact on later life. Then somehow, academicians themselves or fellow of the organization or society, there is a misconception, honorary life means life, life. But I don't have the "delusions".
Newspaper: what people around think about you?
Qin Boyi: people understand. Have some other explanation to me outside the unit. But I don't mind. I work for a lifetime and, frankly, not what other people think of me. Most people could still accept me in the end.
A: also agree with, right?
Qin Boyi: there is, but they'll ask, how much economic losses you retire? I said that I didn't go to work and do not care.
Do you think they are in the academic community of "otherness"?
Qin Boyi: overall, I feel not too dissimilar. Fellow, but on this thing, I even if not recognized, it is different.
"Academician title is helpful to sound"
Newspaper: unload positions after retirement, do you feel lost?
Qin Boyi: there is no loss, I've prepared. For example, these books is my accumulation of 40 years, from the "cultural revolution" before it starts collecting, there are now tens of thousands of books, just to later years retired now ...
In addition, the Academician title I did not retreat, was out of the Military Academy of medical sciences Chair.
A: after you retire, and visit the places in China, wrote a two-part travelogue, which was had been planning to do?
Qin Boyi: big trips are not, are cumulative. But I've been for a walk, think about society.
A: you went to University or make reports at the Conference?
Qin Boyi: these are not my main business. I'm more concerned about national affairs, policy guidelines. Friends come to see me, summarize two sentences: people are afraid after retirement with nothing to do, you can't retire can't finish things he want to do.
A: what do you think about your life now?
Qin Boyi: my self-styled freelance journalist, regular communication between the Government and the people, reflect the voice of the people.
Newspaper: fellow of the title, to sound like you have help?
Qin Boyi: bring a positive effect. Say anything, more compelling, sharp, and everyone will listen to, can accept.
A: in the future, what are you planning?
Qin Boyi: 90 years is mainly in writing. Beginning next year, plans a 3-year period, write our generation see it, think about some of the issues.
Do you want others to like you, you can fall back?
Qin Boyi: better, but hard to do. Our generation of scientists, and has been for the country needs, stick to one thing. A lot of people apart from the study, no other interests or hobbies. I think a lot of scientists, because the heart is lonely.
"Never too old to old, young people doing"
A: 18 plenary session presents fellows should have retired and withdrawal mechanism, why do you feel that this topic appears?
Qin Boyi: as society has become increasingly complex and subjected to various forms of influence of both houses, broke out over a number of scandals. Time comes to rationalize internal relations again.
Recently because of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party proposals to improve academicians of the electoral system. Plenary session with its inevitability and driving factors.
A: it was proposed that the age for academicians across, until a certain period no longer hold, what do you think?
Qin Boyi: one size fits all is not conducive to mature fellow in his late years. Like Darwin, Li Shizhen, are at last made the most of his life achievements. But for the moment, Academia Sinica honorary uncertain age lines, is out for me. Fellow, at least for non-scientists is unfair because not all make a significant contribution to commentary on Academia Sinica.
A: also was reluctant to retire.
Qin Boyi: education that we live every day in the past day, Hale and hearty. I've been denying such values. That is the concept of talent shortage, young people can't find work, your old man is never too old to old, young people do?
The Beijing News: fall while others are not, and this fellow will bring honor and interests related to?
Qin Boyi: honor is the main. Interest, I guess that is not small. Some academicians, wears several hats. Are not white and many were hired. But the real scientific research workers, make own topic, enough to spend a lifetime of effort, sleepless nights, evenings and weekends, part-time?
After Marie Curie was awarded the first Nobel Prize, has a lot of titles, her breath gave up 106. She said scientists were haunted by these things won't advance in science. Academician Wang Xuan died, he said scientists often appeared on television, his research life is over.
"Academicians selected strictly, loopholes abound"
Newspaper: Academician candidates for academic fraud in recent years, plagiarize events frequently broke, what do you think?
Qin Boyi: in General, unhealthy tendencies not only academic problem, but a problem for the entire society. Requires the State overall reflection. Our educational, substance, spirit of light. Under the impact of political culture, economic, cultural, and pure people have not much academic culture.
A: what do you think about the selection of academicians system?
Qin Boyi: academicians selected strictly, vulnerabilities in many. Selection is very strict. Publicity materials, anyone can complain, even if it is an anonymous complaint. There is substantive content, but also to investigate.
But it also has public relations behavior. No PR to your advantage because the competition was too fierce, silos, not PR don't know you don't know is your choice and you? Will have organized special teams to PR now.
The Beijing News: existing selection system has administrative powers to intervene. Fellow, fellow, if only by judging whether better?
Qin Boyi: alone by academician selection also has drawbacks. Academia Sinica also has weaknesses. Best peer-selection, but also unavoidable one-sidedness. Peers with friends and relatives. Their Chinese counterparts talked mostly today you helped me, talk to me tomorrow.
A: at this point, what basis is the most appropriate academician elected to?
Qin Boyi: fellow of the cast President Han qide said, scientists results evaluation, depends on the academic community. This unit my colleagues recognized, professional recognition in the field, on the line, no need for fuss to national attention. In addition, the adjudication, people must have their own independent personality, real insight, can't take personal considerations.
Glossary
What is a fellow of the retirement and exit system?
18 adopted by the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee's decision on deepen reform of a number of important issues, offered to the Academician system reform: "reform member selection and management system, optimizing discipline layout, raise the proportion of young talent, introduction of fellow retired and out of the system. ”
But fellow back? What are the conditions and procedures? To date, there have been no specific provision.
In General, the Academician retirement refers to the removed themselves from their posts no longer hold office, but does not mean removing the academicians as a honorary title.
Fellow of the exit is no longer have this honor. Current fellow of the exit system in making major mistakes or corruption issues when implemented.
The Beijing News reporter Zhu Liudi
(Original title: Qin Boyi: academician of your life is an illusion)
秦伯益 药理学家，中国工程院资深院士，曾任军事医学科学院研究员、院长。
“院士退休”听起来不是个陌生的词汇。但迄今为止，全国两院院士中，获准退休的，仅秦伯益一人。9年前，70多岁的他卸下军事医学科学院的职务，保留了院士头衔。随后一人独游全国，同时不忘就社会问题发声。
近日，十八届三中全会提出，改革院士遴选和管理体制，实行院士退休和退出制度等。还有院士发出了羡慕秦伯益的声音。这一切，使得人们再次把目光投向了秦伯益。
“退休这事，我就算不承认也是异类”
新京报：当年，退休想法是突然冒出，还是酝酿很久？
秦伯益：按军队规定，我65岁可以退休。但我60岁左右就考虑退休后的安排了，60岁后开始选定、培养接班人。
新京报：你真正退休时，已是70多岁了，是因为评上院士延缓了吗？
秦伯益：1994年，我成为中国工程院第一批院士。那时我62岁，在第一批院士里算年轻的。好多评上院士的老教授都没退休，我马上退不太合适。直到2004年，我72岁时才正式向组织呈报想法。
新京报：退休过程顺利吗？有没有遭遇一些阻力？
秦伯益：军事医学科学院对我很了解。报到总政，就不好处理了，因此前没先例。查遍所有文件，既没说院士什么年龄能从单位退休，也没说院士不能退。程序怎么处理？谁来批？最后又从总政报到中央军委。第二年批了下来。
我觉得因为自己想退，很坚决，加上各级领导的理解，所以能退下来。
新京报：有没有想过因为评上院士，干脆不退了？
秦伯益：我认为院士只是一个荣誉称号，对晚年安排没什么影响。后来不知为什么，院士自己也好，院士所在的单位也好，社会也好，都有一种错觉，觉得终身荣誉就意味着终身工作，要干一生。但我没有这样的“错觉”。
新京报：当时周围的人怎么看待你？
秦伯益：单位的人很理解。单位外的人对我有一些其他解读。但我不介意。我一辈子做事，老实讲，不太顾及别人怎么看我。到最后大多数人还是能接受我的。
新京报：也有赞同的吧？
秦伯益：有，但他们会问，你退休下来经济损失多少？我说我没去算，也不在乎。
新京报：你觉得自己是学术圈里的“异类”吗？
秦伯益：整体来看，我觉得自己不算异类。但对待院士退休这件事情上，我就算不承认也还是异类。
“院士头衔对发声有帮助”
新京报：退休后卸去职务，心情会失落吗？
秦伯益：没有失落，我老早就准备了。譬如这些书，是我40年的积累，从“文革”后开始收集，现在已有上万册，就是为了晚年退休后能慢慢看。
另外，院士头衔我没退，退的是军事医学科学院职务。
新京报：你退休后，游遍了中国名胜古迹，写了两部游记，这也是此前计划的吗？
秦伯益：大规模旅行不是，是慢慢积累的。但我一直有走走看看，了解社会的想法。
新京报：你后来也到大学或在学术会议上作报告？
秦伯益：这些不是我主业。我现在更关心国家大事，政策方针。朋友来看我，总结两句话：别人怕退休以后没事干，你是怕不退休干不完想干的事。
新京报：你怎么看待你现在的生活？
秦伯益：我自封自由撰稿人，经常在政府和民众之间做沟通，反映民众心声。
新京报：院士头衔，对你这种发声有帮助吗？
秦伯益：带来了正面的作用。说什么话，大家比较信服，就算尖锐，大家也能听，也能接受。
新京报：未来的生活，你还有哪些规划和打算？
秦伯益：90岁以前主要是写作。明年开始，计划用3年时间，写我们这一代人看到、想到的一些问题。
新京报：你希望其他人能够和你一样，在能退的时候退吗？
秦伯益：最好这样，但很难做到。我们这一代科学家，一直为了国家需要，坚持做一件事。很多人除研究之外，没有别的兴趣和爱好。我觉得很多科学家苦，是因为心灵的孤独。
“活到老干到老，年轻人干什么”
新京报：十八届三中全会提出了院士应该有退休和退出机制，你觉得这个话题为什么会在此时出现？
秦伯益：随着社会情况越来越复杂，两院受到各种各样影响，爆出一些丑闻。到了重新理顺内部关系的时候了。
近期原因是农工党的提案，提出改进两院院士选举制度。三中全会提这个有它的必然性和推动因素。
新京报：有人提议，对两院院士年龄一刀切，到一定年限，不再担任，你怎么看？
秦伯益：一刀切不利于晚年成熟的院士。比如达尔文，李时珍，都是在生命最后取得了最辉煌的成就。但目前来说，院士荣誉不定年龄线，也不行。起码对非院士科学家不公平，因为并不是所有做出重大贡献的都评上了院士。
新京报：也有人不愿退休。
秦伯益：过去的教育要我们活一天干一天，老当益壮。我老早就否定这种价值观了。那是人才紧缺时的观念，现在年轻人都找不到工作，你老人家活到老干到老，年轻人干什么？
新京报：有人不愿退，和这个院士带来的荣誉和利益有关吗？
秦伯益：荣誉是主要的。利益，我估计也不小。有些院士，身兼数职。都不是白兼的，很多是被高薪聘请。但真正的科学研究工作者，做好自己课题，足以花掉一生精力，废寝忘食，日以继夜，怎么兼职？
居里夫人获得第一个诺贝尔奖之后，拥有很多头衔，她一口气辞掉了106个。她说科学家被这些事情纠缠的话，就没法在科学上进步。去世的院士王选也是，他说科学家经常在电视上出现，他的研究生命就结束了。
“院士选拔形式严格，漏洞也多”
新京报：近年来院士候选人学术造假、抄袭剽窃事件屡屡爆出，你怎么看？
秦伯益：总的来说，不正之风不光是学术界的问题，而是整个社会的问题。需要国家整体的反思。我们的教育，重物质，轻精神。在政治文化、经济文化的冲击下，纯正的学术文化人已不多了。
新京报：你怎么看待关于两院院士的选拔制度？
秦伯益：院士选拔形式严格，漏洞也很多。比如遴选是很严谨的。材料公示，谁都可以投诉，哪怕是匿名投诉。有实质性的内容，还要去调查。
但确实也有公关行为。不公关要吃亏，因为竞争太激烈，隔行如隔山，不公关就不了解你，不了解你怎么选你？现在会有单位组织专门的班子去公关。
新京报：现行评选制度还有行政力量介入。如果院士只由院士来评选是否好一些？
秦伯益：单由院士评选也有弊端。院士也有人性弱点。最好由同行评选，但也难免片面性。同行里有冤家和亲家。中国同行多半是今天你帮我说话，明天我帮你说话。
新京报：目前来看，最合适的院士选入制度是怎样的？
秦伯益：中国科协主席韩启德院士讲过，科学家成绩的评审，要靠学术共同体。本单位同事认可，专业领域认可，就行了，兴师动众到全国关注没必要。另外，评选的人也必须要有自己独立的人格、真正的见识，不能带着私心。
名词解释
何为院士退休和退出制度？
十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》，提出要对院士制度改革：“改革院士遴选和管理体制，优化学科布局，提高中青年人才比例，实行院士退休和退出制度。”
但院士怎么退？有哪些条件和程序？截至目前，尚未有过具体规定。
大体而言，院士退休指的是退出工作岗位，不再担任相关职务等，但并不等于卸下院士这一荣誉称号。
退出指的则是不再拥有院士这一荣誉称号。目前退出制度只在院士犯重大错误或出现学术腐败等问题时才实施。
新京报记者 朱柳笛
(原标题：秦伯益：院士要干一辈子是种错觉)
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