Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)hpmailerpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/5 11:10:23 US-Japan Indian aerospace expert Tan Change the third， looking forward to multinational cooperation Moon
"Global times special correspondent Wen Yan" China Chang launched its 2nd successful third world multinational concerns, Moon area occupies absolute dominance of the United States as well as the new round of Lunar high tide again in recent years with China's neighbors India and Japan, in the eyes of China's moon mission level? How do they see the meaning of China's moon exploration? As the Moon country increases, future Moon exploration whether States can live in peace and cooperate? With these questions, the global times, a reporter on the United States, and India, and Japan of many aerospace experts conducted an interview with.
Goddess in the eyes of foreign experts, third
United States space policy Institute, former United States NASA official Dr sikete·peisi said in an interview with the newspaper to become immortal, the third mission with the former Soviet Union in the early 70 's the moon landing. Lander, China is not small, but it looks just for future sample return mission to explore and case. Of course, than the United States when the lander to the Moon is much smaller. Future of China's Manned Moon landing would require a bigger Lander.
United States Space Foundation senior fellow ruien·feisi, and moon exploration technology compared to global levels to become immortal, the third is highly advanced. First of all, the lander is very large, and will become a model for future sample return mission. In his view, the sophistication of Chang e, third and the United States Mars Rover "spirit," and the 2004 Mars landing of the United States "opportunity". He said to become immortal, the third mission on behalf of great leap forward of China's space technology, because it is China's first attempt at landing on another celestial body. Judging from the global level, this task is clearly China's space programs with many countries considerable average increase to more advanced levels of American-Russian part of efforts made by. Ruien·feisi believes that if China is willing to work in the field of space put in all the effort, pouring endless resources and for its space program, China is likely to in the future between 5-10 and catch up with the United States "Apollo" plan level.
United States leading think tank Center for strategic and international studies, Director of space programs, zhanmusi·liuyisi, former US State Department official said that Chang, third is not a truly scientific mission, it is largely a display of China's growing strength and path. United States Advisory Board member Dr yuehan·laogesidun said at the Agency to become immortal, the third number is not as advanced as some other probes on the Moon, but it is also quite advanced aerospace equipment parts. Japan Hori said Dr Kang, senior technical adviser at the Agency to become immortal, the third launch was very impressive. Japan is not the Moon exploration plan. So, days on the moon would not have in common.
Lunar exploration after decades of Soviet-America, China Moon is a duplicate or a spiral?
Sikete·peisi said that other countries made it to the moon does not mean that China is not a pioneer. China is training a new generation of engineers and scientists, through Moon Mission, and is giving them valuable space flight experience. Challenging space environment, scientists and engineers should concentrate on task success, but don't always think of a match and others, than more and should be compared to itself.
United States secure world, said Michael Simpson, President, China is needed for Lunar Science and Lunar Moon made its own unique contribution to the complex engineering. I think China's Moon Mission try and project was previously used by the United States and Russia are not used. From this point of view, China should be the pioneer.
Ruien·feisi said on the Moon exploration technology China still lags the United States, but the United States over the past 40 years, there is little innovation, China is developing very fast. I think China is very robust and rapidly catch up with United States. On this comparison, we also need to keep in mind some important things. As the first ones to try things that you are both difficult and expensive. In my opinion, using cutting-edge technology to develop new technology for the first time for the first time more meaningful and effective. I do not know whether it is today or in the future, China is willing to dedicate the necessary resources to become pioneers of space technology. If China is unwilling to spend enough effort to become a global leader, becomes first country to copy the successful experiences of other countries would be safer in the long run.
India objects and aerospace engineering group's Chief Executive, Dr Balbir Singh said both India and China in the field of space technology has established its own position. India has a very good idea of success, and achieve a "Moon boat, 1th" such a successful Moon Mission. China had also successfully completed the goddess He Change, second, first moon mission. India is not only attempting to Moon Mission and even began exploration of the red planet of Mars. Planned for launch in 2016-2017, "Moon-2nd," will be another great leap forward. India carried out a plan of future manned voyages to the Moon and Mars. I think India Manned Moon landings may occurred in 2025-2030.
Bright moon, can accommodate Central America
Simpson said the probe landing will no doubt cause and spread of moon dust. I am very much looking forward to China or any other Congress signed the outer space treaty, taking into account their lunar exploration activities have been selected on the premise of its landing site. As more and more countries to harness the Moon, States will inevitably need to coordinate tasks with each other to avoid conflict.
Fess said, if politically difficult for scientists to work together directly, through third parties or international organizations to coordinate projects between the two sides is also a good idea. Simpson said the future will eventually have some of the lunar exploration program, the most ideal situation is, some of these tasks are carried out jointly. Pace said, some scientists are focused on their own probe to consider, I hope the Moon not to be interrupted, and some scientists are looking forward to observing moon landing of the third.
Whether there will be more cooperation in the future lunar exploration
Zhanmusi·liuyisi believes that Sino-American space cooperation will lead to a, unless China changes its foreign policy. Although some alarmist, but I do think: China does not want to be with United States space cooperation.
Laogesidun said that from the moment, the United States has had no further Lunar plans, so cooperation between the United States and the Moon exploration assumes that did not exist, unless the United States changed its existing policy to other space destinations. Pace said, I look forward to future US-China exchange of scientific data, as well as other forms of scientific cooperation. Despite US space programs directly related to restricted, we continue to encourage Chinese scientists in the international scientific arena to show their achievements.
Fess says, the Moon is very large. Its surface area is equal to Africa and Australia combined. So two separate mission could land on the Moon in the same time period and to operate. Although the operation of two separate tasks can be carried out separately, joint international action, however it still has advanced nature should not be underestimated. At present, there are no other space-faring countries announced the joint development of a Lunar Lander, to transport personnel to the Moon and return to Earth planned, and it is just China can provide equipment to the future international base on the Moon and other key components of the international service.
Hori chuan-Kang said, I personally hope that cooperation in China, India and Japan. I believe communication between scientific teams have three. I long for the Japan-China mutual dialogue on space-sharing experiences, lessons learned.
(The original title of Japanese and American Indian aerospace expert looks forward to multinational cooperation, Tan Change third moon)
【环球时报特约记者温燕】中国嫦娥三号2日凌晨成功发射升空引发世界多国关注，而在探月领域占有绝对优势地位的美国以及在近年来新一轮探月高潮中频频发力的中国近邻印度和日本眼中，中国这次探月任务的水平如何？他们如何看待中国探月的意义？随着探月国家的增加，未来各探月国是否可以和平相处，甚至进行合作？带着这些问题，《环球时报》记者对美国、印度、日本多位航天领域的专家进行了专访。
外国专家眼中的嫦娥三号
美国太空政策研究院院长、原美国宇航局官员斯科特·佩斯博士在接受《环球时报》专访时称，嫦娥三号任务与前苏联在上世纪70年代的月球着陆近似。中国的着陆器不小，但看上去仅仅是为未来采样返回任务探路和踩点的。当然，它远比美国当年登月的着陆器要小得多。未来中国的载人登月将需要更大的着陆器。
美国航天基金会中国项目高级研究员瑞恩·费斯称，和探月技术的全球水平相比，嫦娥三号是十分先进的。首先，它的着陆器非常大，并会成为未来的采样返回任务的样板。他认为，嫦娥三号的先进程度和美国火星探测器“精神号”及2004年在火星着陆的美国“机会号”相当。他称，嫦娥三号任务代表中国航天技术的巨大飞跃，因为它是中国首次尝试在另一星体上着陆。从全球水平来看，此任务很显然是中国从与许多国家航天项目相当的平均水平上升至更为先进的美俄水平所做出努力的一部分。瑞恩·费斯认为，如果中国愿在太空领域付出全部努力，并为其太空计划倾注无限的资源，中国可能会在未来的5-10年间赶上美国“阿波罗”计划时期的水平。
美国顶尖智库战略与国际问题研究中心航天项目主任、、原美国务院官员詹姆斯·刘易斯称，嫦娥三号不是真正意义上的科学任务，它更大程度上是一种展示中国实力增长的方式和路径。美国宇航局顾问委员会委员约翰·劳格斯顿博士称，嫦娥三号不像一些其它登上月球的探测器那样先进，但它也是相当先进的航天设备部件。日本宇航局高级技术顾问堀川康博士称，嫦娥三号发射是非常令人印象深刻的。日本目前并没有即时的探月计划。所以，日中在月球上不会有交集。
美苏探月几十年后，中国登月是重复还是螺旋上升？
斯科特·佩斯称，其他国家登上过月球并不意味着中国不是先驱者。中国正在培训新一代的工程师和科学家，并且正在通过探月任务给予他们宝贵的太空飞行经验。太空环境极具挑战性，科学家和工程技术人员应集中精力取得任务的成功，而别总是想着和他国一比高低， 要比也应更多地和自身相比较。
美国安全世界总裁迈克尔·辛普森说，中国正在为月球科学和探月登月所需的复杂工程做出其自身的独特贡献。我想中国探月任务尝试的方法和使用的工程方案是先前美俄都没有用过的。从这方面来看，中国应是先驱者。
瑞恩·费斯称，在探月技术上中国仍然落后于美国，但美国在过去的40年中并没有多少创新，而中国却发展得非常快。我认为中国正在非常稳健而快速地迎头赶上美国。关于这一比较，我们还需记住一些重要的事情。作为第一个吃螃蟹者所尝试的事情既困难又昂贵。我认为，首次采用前沿技术比首次开发新技术更有意义和实效。我不清楚中国是否在今天或者未来愿意奉献必要的资源成为空间技术的先驱。如果中国不愿意花费足够的精力成为全球领导者，那么成为第一个成功复制其他国家经验的国家也不失为一种更安全的长久之计。
印度天体和航天工程集团首席执行官Balbir Singh博士称，印中两国在空间技术领域都建立了各自的地位。印度有非常成功的优秀理念，并实现了“月船1号”这样一项成功的探月任务。中国此前也成功完成了嫦娥一号和嫦娥二号探月任务。印度不仅尝试探月任务， 甚至开始了对火星这一红色星球的探索。 计划于2016年-2017年发射的“月船-2号”将是另一大飞跃。印度正开展一项未来载人登月和登火星计划。我认为，印度载人登月可能发生在2025年-2030年。
广阔月球，能否同时容纳中美
辛普森称，探测器在着陆时无疑会引起和扩散月尘。我非常期待中国或任何其他外层空间条约签约国会在考虑他国已有探月活动的前提下选择其着陆点。随着越来越多的国家掌握探月能力，势必需要各国相互间对任务进行协调以避免冲突。
费斯称，如果政治因素很难让科学家在一起直接工作，那么通过第三方或国际组织的努力对双方的项目进行协调也不失为良策之一。辛普森称，未来终究会有几个国家同时开展探月工程，最为理想的状态是，其中的一些任务是多国共同开展的。佩斯称，一些科学家着眼于自身探测的考虑，希望月球不被打扰，而另一些科学家则期待着观测嫦娥三号的着陆。
未来是否会出现多国合作探月
詹姆斯·刘易斯认为，美中航天不会有什么合作，除非中国改变其外交政策。尽管有些危言耸听，但我的确认为：中国并不想与美国进行航天合作。
劳格斯顿称，从目前看，美国尚没有进一步的月球计划，所以，美中之间在月球探索方面合作的假定并不存在，除非美国改变其现有的前往其它太空目的地的政策。佩斯称，我期待着未来美中科学数据交换以及其它形式的科学合作。尽管美中航天项目的直接关系受限，我们仍然鼓励中国科学家在国际科学舞台上展示他们的科研成果。
费斯称，月球是非常大的。其表面面积相当于非洲和澳大利亚的总和。所以两个单独的任务可以在同一时间段在月球上着陆并进行操作。尽管两个单独任务可进行分别的操作，但联合的国际行动仍具有不可低估的先进性。目前，尚没有其他航天国宣布联合开发月球着陆器、向月球运送人员并返回地球的计划，而这恰是中国可向未来国际月球基地提供设备等国际服务的关键部分。
堀川康称，我个人希望中印日三国展开合作。我坚信三国间的科学队伍已经在进行交流了。我渴望日中双方在分享太空经验、教训方面展开对话。
(原标题：美日印航天专家谈嫦娥三号 期待多国合作探月)
赞