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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/28 7:53:14 Today to abolish the reeducation-through-labour system， prisoners remaining maturity is not executed
Perform half a century this reeducation-through-labour system abolition
Today to be enforcement detention officer lifted remaining term of reeducation through labor is not executed
Legal evening news (reporters Wen Rujun) NPC Standing Committee decisions of the 28th through the abolition of re-education through labour system.
According to the decision, before the reeducation-through-labour system abolition, detention decisions of the law in force; after the re-education through labour system abolition, to be enforcement detention officer, lift the reeducation-through-labor, the remaining term is no longer performed.
From 28th, be effective as of the date of publication.
This means that extend for more than half a century of RTL today formally repealed by the penitentiary system.
Earlier, in mid-November, 18, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made, "abolition of the system of reeducation through labour, improving the laws on illegal and criminal acts of punishment and correction, improving community corrections system. ”
Reeducation-through-labour system abolition
A village official, made more than 100 pieces of negative information on the Internet and sentenced to two years due to dissatisfaction with the daughter rape penalties, repeatedly petitioning "appealing to MOM" Tang Hui was fined 1.5 years of reeducation through labor by local governments; a mother to Beijing to visit his son, sentenced to one year. "Appealing to MOM" Tang Hui, village officials Ren Jianyu event triggered a social concern in recent years.
Today, the decisions passed by the national people's Congress to abolish reeducation-through-labour system, officially abolished the reeducation-through-labour system.
National politics and law work Conference held in January this year made it clear that 2013 political and legal work focused on promoting "four reforms", including the reform of reeducation-through-labour system, relating to legal reform, judicial power operating mechanism involved in a lawsuit petitioning work reform, the reform of household registration system.
This official Conference News made many scholars feel that "reform of reeducation-through-labour" in close proximity.
In mid-November, 18, the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made, "abolition of the system of reeducation through labour, improving the laws on illegal and criminal acts of punishment and correction, improving community corrections system. ”
Plenary session has a historical significance, this detention "the final word" type of representation is only one of the important decisions of this meeting.
"For years, experts and scholars called for were not in vain. "China University of political science and law Professor Hong Daode said.
Today, the national people's Congress voted to adopt a decision on abolition of re-education through labour by the State Council, reeducation-through-labour system officially "died".
Prisoners remaining maturity is not executed
On October 18, 2012, Justice Minister Wang Gongyi, Director of the Institute of Justice revealed that the number of prisoners in China currently has more than 60,000, since the implementation of China's reeducation-through-labour system, prisoners up to reach more than 300,000 people, at least when more than 5,000 people.
This reporter learned that, during the NPC group when considering the motion of the abolition of the system of reeducation through labor, attended by NPC Standing Committee members, members of the specialized committees, provincial head of the municipal people's Congress, and some deputies to the national people's Congress considered motion in reviewing implementation of the system of reeducation through labor, summary history function on the basis of the system of reeducation through labor, according to the needs of economic, social and democratic and legal development, proposed the abolition of re-education through labour system, And after the abolition of the system of reeducation through labour needs to make arrangements for legal work such as cleaning, thoughtful, targeted measures, operation is relatively strong.
Participants believe that the reeducation-through-labor system execution according to law in more than 50 years, education has saved a number of offenders against social order, to maintain social order, ensure social stability had played an important role.
Drug control in China in recent years, the Security Administration Punishment Law, criminal law, criminal law and mounting and perfect, for application of reeducation-through-labor violations, in accordance with the existing laws, basic can be corresponding penalty education correction, more stringent procedural standard, decreasing application of reeducation-through-labor or even largely ceased. Now it's time to abolish reeducation-through-labor system is, itself, recommended its consideration and adoption.
Expert: remaining term does not have an impact on society
This morning, the Tsinghua University School of law Professor Zhou Guangquan of the legal evening news said, because not many prisoners being executed, the limited social harm (weren't the criminals after all), so "no longer perform" will not have a much greater impact on society.
"Although there has been no official announcement of the latest data, but as far as I know, at present being implemented very few prisoners, since early this year, has been released to abolish the signals, so, all through a variety of measures to reduce examination and approval, and no new prisoners. In addition, some prisoners through good behavior, reducing the term, many are out. "Zhou Guangquan said.
China University of politics and law, Professor Hong Daode said in the legal evening news reporter, prisoners in custody there is a "conversion" problem. To execute prisoners, under the new concept of human rights, with a new way to deal with it.
Hong Daode admitted that re-education through labour for the maintenance of public order, the protection of citizens ' rights and interests play a role, but in reality, there are some cases of misuse. In addition, there are often illegal part, incorrigible, but was not up to criminal groups.
RTL did not rule out expanding the fight against, for example, instability just as appealing as a detention, clearly violating citizens ' human rights, which is neither a violation is not an offence.
"The biggest problem is currently trying to figure out why prisoners, applicable to reeducation-through-labor population is there, if there is such a crowd, always have to deal with. Nor does it directly to community corrections. "Hong Daode said.
Chain close to the year detention cases
Ren Jianyu: Ren Jianyu Pengshui County of Chongqing University student village officer.
2011 because of Tencent, Tencent's microblog and comment on blog, copy, forward, more than 100 pieces of "negative information" by Chongqing Municipal Public Security Bureau for "inciting subversion of State power" on September 23, 2011 arrests, then decided to Ren Jianyu "two years of reeducation through labor."
On November 19, 2012, Ren Jianyu were removed from the camp out and regain freedom.
Tang Hui: in 2012, Tang Hui Hunan person who petitions reflect the 11 year old daughter were rape cases, were sentenced to reeducation-through-labour local Government Department for 1.5 years. RTL will soon be canceled, but said that "to get hurt again," Tang Hui of the local labor Board sued in court.
Earlier, the daughter against Tang Hui main suspects were sentenced to death and life imprisonment respectively.
Tang Hui said the dynamic is constantly appealing to believe that the law, would that be the list. On July 15, 2013, Hunan province high people's Court for "appealing to MOM" Tang Hui administrative litigation case judgment of the second instance, change a verdict of the intermediate people's Court in Yongzhou city, found in Yongzhou City Board of education to pay Tang Hui Lo compensation of 2641.15 Yuan.
Reeducation-through-labour system 58
The first treatise on the "re-education through labour" of red tape
On August 25, 1955, Central issued of on thoroughly purge hidden counter-revolutionary molecular of indicates under, clear pointed out that for "enough sentenced and political Shang and not suitable continues to retained, put to community and will increased unemployment" of "counter-revolutionary molecular" "bad molecular", take and re-education through labour different of processing way: "let they concentrated up, but not completely lost free, for the national work, by Government issued must of wage". This new method of disposal is the ancestor of the re-education through labour system
In 1957
Formalization of reeducation-through-labour system
On August 1, 1957, the first session of the 78th meeting of the NPC ratified the decision of the State Council on re-education through labour, reeducation-through-labor system was established by law
1961:
Required deadline
In April 1961, the Ministry of public security to make regulations with clear terms is two to three years of reeducation through labor, by the reeducation-through-Labour Office "internal master"
In 1966
Once to stop
A national "cultural revolution," after the commencement of detention system also stopped running
1979
Substantive changes
On November 29, 1979, after five sessions of the national people's Congress approved release # 12 of the supplementary provisions of the State Council on re-education through labour, under reeducation-through-labor is "cities hosting persons in need of reeducation-through-labor"
Lay the framework of reeducation-through-labour system in the new era
In February 1980, republished in 1957 under the decision of the State Council on re-education through labour;
On February 29, "sheltering" system;
On January 21, 1982, the promulgation of the pilot rules of reeducation through labor to expand the object of re-education through labour
Generalization of reeducation-through-labor
In 1986, the six session of the national people's Congress passed the administrative penalties for public security Ordinance, expressly adds three detention may be applied to the situation: prostitution, prostitution as well as the introduction, the host of prostitution, prostitutes who gambling and to provide persons; production, reproduction, sale, rental, and distributing pornographic books, pictures, video tapes or other pornographic objects people
On December 28, 1990, the VII session of the national people's Congress adopted the decision on the drug, clearly stipulates that "smoking, injecting drug addicts, be forced give up, treatment and education. After a forced quit smoking, injecting drug users, may introduce a detention, and force quit in the reeducation-through-labour "
In September 1991, the VII session of the national people's Congress Standing Committee 21st meeting also adopted the decision on prostitution is strictly prohibited
Cancel hosting review system
VIII session of the 4th meeting of the NPC adopted the modified < People's Republic of China criminal law > decisions to cancel hosting review system
The abolition of housing and repatriation system
On June 22, the State Department announced the abolition of housing and repatriation measures, replacing it with the town of vagrants and beggars without any assured living source relief regulations, which allows to "law and order" as the goal of reeducation-through-labor system further decline
2011
The establishment of pilot cities
Ten ministries such as supreme law the issuance of notification, Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Zhengzhou education correction by outlaw in pilot regions
2013
Abolition of reeducation-through-labour system
In mid-November, 18, made the decision of the third plenary session, "the abolition of the system of reeducation through labour, improving the laws on illegal and criminal acts of punishment and correction, improving community corrections system. ”
The decision passed by the national people's Congress Standing Committee on December 28 to abolish reeducation-through-labour system, from 28th, be effective as of the date of publication.
This version of the article/reporter Wen Rujun
(Edit: SN094)December 28, 2013 Legal evening news(劳教制度今日废止 现劳教人员剩余期限不再执行|劳动教养|全国人大常委会|废止_新闻资讯
执行半世纪 劳教制度今废止
今起 对正在被依法执行劳教的人员 解除劳动教养 剩余期限不再执行
法制晚报讯(记者 温如军) 全国人大常委会28日通过废止劳教制度的决定。
根据决定，劳教制度废止前，依法作出的劳教决定有效；在劳教制度废止后，对正在被依法执行劳教的人员，解除劳动教养，剩余期限不再执行。
决定自28日公布之日起施行。
这意味着延续半个多世纪的劳教教养制度今日正式废止。
此前，11月中旬，十八届三中全会《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，“废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，健全社区矫正制度。”
劳教制度正式废止
一个村官在网上发了100多条负面信息，被判劳教两年；因对女儿被强奸案判罚的不满，多次上访的“上访妈妈”唐慧被当地政府判罚劳动教养一年半；一位母亲进京看望自己的儿子，被判劳教一年。“上访妈妈”唐慧、村官任建宇等事件近年来引发了社会高度关注。
今日，全国人大常委会通过废止劳教制度的决定，劳教制度正式废止。
今年1月召开的全国政法工作会议明确提出，2013年政法工作重点推进“四项改革”，其中包括劳教制度改革、涉法涉诉信访工作改革、司法权力运行机制改革、户籍制度改革。
本次官方会议消息让很多学者觉得“劳教改革”近在咫尺。
今年11月中旬，十八届三中全会《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，“废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，健全社区矫正制度。”
三中全会历来有历史性意义，本次对劳教“一锤定音”式的表述只是本次会议的重要决定之一。
“这么多年来，专家学者的呼吁没有白费。”中国政法大学教授洪道德说。
今日，全国人大表决通过了国务院关于废止劳动教养问题的决定，劳教制度正式“寿终正寝”。
劳教人员剩余期限不再执行
2012年10月18日，司法部司法研究所所长王公义透露，目前中国被劳教人员数量有6万多，自我国劳教制度实施以来，被劳教人员最多时达到30余万人，最少时也超过5000人。
记者了解到，在本次全国人大常委会分组审议废止劳动教养制度的议案时，与会的全国人大常委会组成人员、专门委员会成员、各省区市人大常委会负责人和部分全国人大代表认为，议案在回顾劳动教养制度实施情况，总结劳动教养制度历史作用的基础上，根据经济社会和民主法制发展的需要，提出废止劳动教养制度，并对废止劳动教养制度后需要进行的法律清理等工作作出安排，考虑周全，所提措施的针对性、操作性也比较强。
与会人员认为，劳动教养制度依法施行50多年来，教育挽救了一批危害社会治安秩序的违法人员，为维护社会治安秩序、确保社会稳定发挥了重要作用。
随着近年来我国禁毒法、治安管理处罚法、刑法等处理违法犯罪的法律不断出台和完善，对适用劳动教养的违法行为，依照现行法律，基本都能予以相应处罚教育矫治，程序上更加严格规范，劳动教养的适用逐年减少乃至基本停止。现在废止劳动教养制度是正当其时、水到渠成，建议审议通过。
专家： 剩余期限不执行 不会对社会产生影响
今天上午，清华大学法学院教授周光权对《法制晚报》记者表示，由于正在执行的劳教人员人数不多、社会危害性有限(毕竟不是罪犯)，所以“不再执行”不会对社会产生多大的影响。
“虽然官方没有公布最新的数据，但据我了解，目前全国正执行的劳教人员人数极少，因为今年年初，已经释放出要废除的信号，所以，各地通过各种措施减少审批，没有新增劳教人员。另外，原来的一些劳教人员通过良好表现，减少期限，很多也都出来了。”周光权说。
中国政法大学教授洪道德接受《法制晚报》记者采访时表示，在押劳教人员存在一个“转化”的问题。对正执行劳教人员，在新的人权理念之下，用新的方法来处理。
洪道德坦言，劳动教养对于维护社会秩序、保护公民权益起到了一定作用，但在现实中也存在一些被滥用的情况。另外，还有一部分经常违法，屡教不改，但同时构不上刑事犯罪的人群。
劳教中不排除扩大化的打击，比如说把正当的上访看成不稳定因素而劳教，明显侵犯了公民的人权，这部分既不是违法行为也不是犯罪行为。
“最大的问题是目前的劳教人员为何而存在要搞清楚，到适用劳动教养地步的人群到底有没有，如果有这样一个人群，总是要处理的。而直接交给社区矫正也不对。”洪道德说。
链接 近年劳教典型案件
任建宇案：任建宇曾是重庆市彭水县大学生村官。
2011年，因为在腾讯微博和腾讯博客复制、转发、评点一百多条“负面信息”，被重庆市公安局以“涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权”在2011年9月23日逮捕，随后决定对任建宇“劳动教养两年”。
2012年11月19日，任建宇被从劳教所接出，重获自由。
唐慧案：2012年，湖南人士唐慧因上访反映11岁女儿被强奸案件，被当地政府部门处以劳教一年半。虽然劳教很快被取消，但称“再次受到伤害”的唐慧将当地劳教委诉上法庭。
此前，侵害唐慧女儿的主要嫌疑人分别被判处死刑和无期徒刑。
唐慧事后表示，不断上访的动力是相信法律，希望遇到清官。2013年7月15日，湖南省高院对“上访妈妈”唐慧行政诉讼案作出二审判决，改变永州市中院的一审判决，判定永州市劳教委向唐慧支付赔偿金2641.15元。
劳教制度58年
第一份有关“劳动教养”的红头文件
1955年8月25日，党中央发出的《关于彻底肃清暗藏反革命分子的指示》，明确指出对于“不够判刑而政治上又不适宜继续留用，放到社会上又会增加失业”的“反革命分子”“坏分子”，采取与劳动改造不同的处理方式：“让他们集中起来，但不完全失去自由，替国家做工，由政府发给一定的工资”。这种新的处置方式就是劳动教养制度的雏形
1957年
正式确立劳教制度
1957年8月1日，第一届全国人大常委会第七十八次会议批准了《国务院关于劳动教养问题的决定》，依法确立了劳动教养制度
1961年：
规定期限
1961年4月，公安部制定规定，明确劳动教养的期限是两年到三年，由劳教机关“内部掌握”
1966年
一度停止
全国性的“文化大革命”开始后，劳教制度也停止了运行
1979年
实质性改变
1979年11月29日，经五届全国人大常委会十二次会议批准公布了《国务院关于劳动教养的补充规定》，规定劳动教养对象是“收容大中城市需要劳动教养的人”
奠定新时期劳教制度框架
1980年2月，重新发布1957年《国务院关于劳动教养问题的决定》；
当年2月29日，“收容审查”制度建立；
1982年1月21日，颁布《劳动教养试行办法》扩大了劳动教养的对象
劳动教养对象泛化
1986年，六届全国人大常委会通过《治安管理处罚条例》，明确增加了三种可以适用劳教的情况：卖淫、嫖娼以及介绍、容留卖淫、嫖娼的人；赌博以及为赌博提供条件的人；制作、复制、出售、出租以及传播淫书、淫画、淫秽录像或者其他淫秽物品的人
1990年12月28日，第七届全国人大常委会通过了《关于禁毒的决定》，明确规定，“吸食、注射毒品成瘾的，予以强制戒除，进行治疗、教育。强制戒除后又吸食、注射毒品的，可以实行劳教，并在劳教中强制戒除”
1991年9月，第七届全国人大常委会第21次会议又通过了《关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定》
取消收容审查制度
第八届人大第4次会议通过《关于修改<中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法>的决定》，取消收容审查制度
废止收容遣送制度
6月22日，国务院宣布废止《收容遣送办法》，代之以《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》，这使以“治安”为目标的劳动教养制度进一步走向衰落
2011年
设立试点城市
最高法等十部委印发通知，兰州、济南、南京、郑州被列为违法行为教育矫治试点地区
2013年
废止劳教制度
今年11月中旬，十八届三中全会《决定》提出，“废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，健全社区矫正制度。”
全国人大常委会12月28日通过废止劳教制度的决定，决定自28日公布之日起施行。
本版文/记者 温如军
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