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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/29 7:07:11 Formal abolition of China’s reeducation-through-labour system， the “second child alone“ policy launched
12 session of the national people's Congress at its sixth meeting closed yesterday morning at Beijing's great Hall. Meeting vote on the revised marine environmental protection law was adopted seven laws relating to reeducation-through-labor law decisions, concerning the annulment of the decisions and the resolution on adjusting the perfect maternity policy.
Meeting also decided that the 12 session of the national people's Congress meeting held in Beijing on March 5, 2014.
According to Xinhua, 27th, Chairman of the 12th session of the tenth National Committee of the CPPCC session, recommends that the 12th session of the second meeting of the National Committee of the CPPCC held in Beijing on March 3 next year.
Is detention personnel release
Over 58 years of reeducation-through-labour system abolished. Yesterday, the 12 session of the national people's Congress Standing Committee adopted by the sixth meeting of a vote on repealing the decision on re-education through labour law, shall enter into force on the date of its publication.
Decision said, "in front of the re-education through labour system abolition, reeducation-through-labor made a decision according to the law effective after the abolition of the system of reeducation through labor, to implementation of re?education through labour by law enforcement personnel, lift the reeducation-through-labor, the remaining term is no longer performed. ”
Yesterday, the former Director of the Institute for Justice Wang Gongyi reporters to South, abolished after the decision has been made, all prisoners must be released. Wang Gongyi, according to his estimates, prisoners being executed now, there may be 10,000 people.
What arrangements for reeducation and rehabilitation staff, said Wang Gongyi provinces vary in most provinces the camp to rehab, and some provinces to prison, detention staff had also turned over, drug addicts and prisoners are not in some provinces, reeducation and staff also need to be placed.
Subject to the decision of the NPC
On December 27, the Anhui provincial people's Congress to abolish reeducation-through-labour in Anhui local regulations and local statutes in other provinces, also required provincial people's Congress repealed again?
Yesterday, the Director of Constitution and administrative law research center of Peking University to nandu Jiang Mingan reporters that according to the law, a provincial local regulations required by their provincial people's Congress or its Standing Committee to decide whether to abolish, not only local rules and regulations on re-education through labour, including several provisions of the Ministry of public security, also need to be cleaned.
"However, these rules and regulations must have no effect, because they have relied on before the national people's Congress made the decision, decisions of the national people's Congress as the upper law now repealed, they naturally have no effects, but cleanup also requires legal procedures. "Jiang Mingan said.
Relevant laws should be amended
After the detention, re-education through labour and reeducation, detention staff placement, Wang Gongyi think should initiate changes to the Penal Code, criminal procedure law and other related laws.
Analysis on Wang Gongyi, repeatedly negligent violations, rely solely on administrative penalties was unable to play the role of corrections to reduce the criminal threshold of incriminating, some into the scope of criminal law in combating serious detention, after a lesser crime to re-education through labour for, you can go to community corrections, or to social disruption these acts may be severe.
Method of correcting the violations will not start
For detention after changes in legislation, some scholars suggest that timely introduction of illegal treatment method as an alternative to detention measures, to this remark, said Wang Gongyi violation correction method will not start again, because the law was a "re?education through labour law", since re-education through labour does not exist, the Act also makes no sense.
Said Wang Gongyi, legislative law restriction of freedom must be prescribed by law, the legality of detention is being questioned, after 2000, there have been quite a few people put forward legislation to the detention, re-education through labour law is not good, changed it to illegal treatment method.
Twice and violation correction method is included in the national people's Congress legislative plan, discussed does not exist in 10 years, because who is to decide on the treatment departments agree, the public security departments should be decided by the public security, departments should follow the judicial process of the Court, decided by the Court. "Cannot agree on fairness and efficiency of the decision, which would have been substantial progress. "Wang Gongyi said.
"Two kids alone" combined around the actual implementation
National People's Congress, called on all localities to promptly amend the law or provisions
Yesterday, the 12th session of the sixth meeting of the NPC vote, adopted a resolution on adjusting the perfect maternity policy, "agreed to start implementing party policy of one-child couples to have two children. The provincial, autonomous regional and municipal people's congresses or their standing committees should be based on population and family planning law and the present resolution, in light of local reality modify the relevant local regulations or requirements in a timely manner. ”
Or separate two children became one of the first provinces of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Planning Commission staff 24th says, Guangdong has applied for one of the first to start the "second child alone", is still waiting for the results.
South reporter learned that, some provincial people's Congress Standing Committee are working on a separate two-child policy. A few days ago, Deputy Secretary-General of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, Spokesman Liu Weilin said that Beijing people's Congress Standing Committee has discussed a separate two-child policy in February next year, municipal people's Congress will also be the second trial and planned to vote.
The provincial, autonomous regional and municipal people's congresses or their standing committees should be based on population and family planning law and the present resolution, in light of local reality modify the relevant local regulations or requirements in a timely manner.
Perfection---on adjusting birth policy resolutions
In front of the re-education through labour system abolition, reeducation-through-labor made a decision according to the law effective after the abolition of the system of reeducation through labor, to implementation of re?education through labour by law enforcement personnel, lift the reeducation-through-labor, the remaining term is no longer performed.
---Concerning the annulment of the decision on re-education through labour law
This version of article: South reporter Wang Dianxue intern yankun Beijing (among named things)
(Original title: reeducation-through-labour system abolition of separate two-child policy to start)
十二届全国人大常委会第六次会议昨日上午在北京人民大会堂闭幕。会议表决通过了关于修改海洋环境保护法等七部法律的决定、关于废止有关劳动教养法律规定的决定和关于调整完善生育政策的决议。
会议还决定，十二届全国人大二次会议于2014年3月5日在北京召开。
另据新华社报道，27日下午，政协第十二届全国委员会第十次主席会议，建议政协第十二届全国委员会第二次会议明年3月3日在北京召开。
正在劳教的人员一律释放
实施了58年的劳教制度正式废止。昨日，十二届全国人大常委会第六次会议表决通过关于废止有关劳动教养法律规定的决定，自公布之日起施行。
决定说，“在劳动教养制度废止前，依法作出的劳动教养决定有效；劳动教养制度废止后，对正在被依法执行劳动教养的人员，解除劳动教养，剩余期限不再执行。”
昨天，司法部司法研究所前所长王公义对南都记者说，废止决定作出后，所有的被劳教人员都必须释放。王公义表示，据他估计，现在正在执行的劳教人员，可能有1万人。
对于劳教场所和劳教工作人员如何安置，王公义表示各省份不一，大部分省份将劳教所改为戒毒所，有的省份改为了监狱，劳教工作人员也转了过去，有的省份戒毒人员和服刑人员都不多，劳教场所和人员还需要进一步安置。
地方须服从全国人大决定
12月27日，安徽省人大常委会废止了安徽性的劳教地方性法规，其他省份的地方性法规，是否也需要省级人大常委会再行废止？
昨日，北京大学宪法与行政法研究中心主任姜明安对南都记者表示，根据法律规定，一个省的地方性法规，需要由其省级人大或其常委会决定是否废止，不光是关于劳教的地方性法规、规章，包括公安部的一些规定，也需要进行清理。
“但是，这些法规、规章肯定是没有效力了，因为它们都是根据全国人大之前的决定作出的，现在作为上位法的全国人大的决定都废止了，它们自然而然也就没有效力了，但是清理还需要有法律上的程序。”姜明安说。
相关法律应该修改
对于劳教之后，被劳教行为如何处理，以及劳教场所、劳教工作人员如何安置，王公义认为应该启动对刑法、刑诉法等相关法律的修改。
王公义分析，一些屡教不改的违法行为，只靠行政处罚是无法起到惩戒作用的，必须降低刑法的入罪门槛，将一些严重的被劳教行为纳入刑法打击范围，将一些较轻的被劳教行为认定为犯罪后，可以到社区矫正，否则，这些行为对社会的扰乱会很严重。
违法行为矫治法不会启动
对于劳教后的法律修改，一些学者建议适时出台违法行为矫治法，以替代劳教措施，对此说法，王公义表示违法行为矫治法不会再启动，因为该法是一部“劳教法”，既然劳教不存在了，该法自然也没有意义。
王公义说，立法法规定限制人身自由必须由法律规定，劳教的合法性问题日渐被质疑，2000年后，曾有不少人提出对劳教进行立法，但是觉得劳教法不好听，就改成了违法行为矫治法。
而违法行为矫治法之所以两次纳入全国人大常委会立法规划，讨论了10年都没有出台，原因就是谁来决定矫治上各部门意见不一，公安部门认为应该由公安来决定，法院部门认为应该走司法程序，由法院决定。“决定的公平与效率无法达成一致，该法也就迟迟未有实质性进展。”王公义说。
“单独两孩”结合各地实际情况实施
全国人大常委会要求各地及时修法或者作出规定
昨天，第十二届全国人大常委会第六次会议表决通过关于调整完善生育政策的决议，“同意启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策。各省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会或者其常务委员会应当根据人口与计划生育法和本决议，结合本地实际情况，及时修改相关地方性法规或者作出规定。”
广东省或成为首批单独两孩省份，广东省卫计委相关工作人员24日表示，广东已申请首批启动“单独二孩”，目前还在等待结果。
南都记者了解到，有些省的人大或常委会正在研究单独两孩政策。日前，北京市人大常委会副秘书长、新闻发言人刘维林表示，北京人大常委会已讨论过单独两孩政策，明年2月，市人大常委会还将对其进行二审，并计划表决通过。
各省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会或者其常务委员会应当根据人口与计划生育法和本决议，结合本地实际情况，及时修改相关地方性法规或者作出规定。
———关于调整完善生育政策的决议
在劳动教养制度废止前，依法作出的劳动教养决定有效；劳动教养制度废止后，对正在被依法执行劳动教养的人员，解除劳动教养，剩余期限不再执行。
——— 关于废止有关劳动教养法律规定的决定
本版采写：南都记者王殿学 实习生 闫坤 发自北京(除署名外)
(原标题：劳教制度正式废止 单独二孩政策启动)
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