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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/29 7:39:06 Shaanxi Baoji tomb unearthed from the oldest bronze fǔ
Reporter (reporter Cary Zhao Zhao Guoqiang) yesterday, M4 Drum Mountain tombs of Baoji bronze ware extraction of surprises on the first day, including bronze fǔ (f ǔ, Liang Sheng rice when ancient sacrifice) of 14 pieces of bronze ware have been unearthed, a pair of bronze fǔ years ago one of the earliest bronze fǔ, it also gives existing Palace Museum of contemporaneous bronze fǔ provided strong support.
Discovered by the country with the bells of bronze fǔ
Yesterday at about 9 o'clock in the morning, bronze wares began extracted from K2 niches. Because according to a 7-meter-high drop at the end of the Tomb, heritage experts specifically for the extraction of heritage to build a steel pipe produced the rail beams and pulleys for lifting one wooden artifacts. To relics damping during transport, the experts came up with a coup: long, 60 cm wide wooden boxes in half a bag of grain, used to give bronzes "mat", fully meet the high extraction operation of cultural relics.
Shortly after 2 o'clock in the afternoon, as the K8 alcove a pair of bronze fǔ sizes being unearthed, archaeological sites of the atmosphere goes up. Baoji bronzeware Museum exhibits, Research Director of Ren Xueli introduction, one little two piece bronze fǔ is extracted 14 pieces of cultural relics today, most excited about her two pieces of cultural relics. She said that both bronze fǔ, is the bronze currently unearthed the most long ago fǔ previously unearthed bronze fǔ after the age of majority in the late Western Zhou dynasty, the initial judgement of Shang dynasty excavated from early Zhou period. Among them, the large bronze fǔ is precious. Currently, the figure closer to fǔ existing of only one bronze in the Beijing Palace Museum, fǔ about this bronze in the early Western Zhou dynasty. Despite the Museum's bronze fǔ largish, but bronze fǔ no whisper of the Imperial Palace, and the lateral wall of the unearthed bronze fǔ has two sizes of whisper. In addition, what is new is, the side walls of the unearthed bronze fǔ wore a Bell, bronze currently unearthed first with bells fǔ. Although bronze bells were more common, but Bell bronze fǔ is very rare. Ren Xueli said this Bell bronze fǔ archaeological research value is very high, can this bronze fǔ has real value judgment of the Imperial Palace and speculation.
This bronze bells fǔ, Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute researcher Wang Zhankui introduced bronze fǔ casting the incident terribly, first casting the Bell, then cast fǔ and link the bells of bronze and copper without any cracks, bells, copper, copper seamless fǔ three. In addition, bronze fǔ currently existing in the National Palace Museum that one source is a mystery, and it is a bronze Bell fǔ is available through archaeological excavations, red blooded, with a very high research value. Fǔ why this bronze bells, is still a mystery.
Bronze guǐ similar old Shaanxi-"big old Bowl"
It is understood that the extraction of the 14 pieces of bronze ware, there are 6 bronze guǐ (Gu ǐ, ancient food apparatus), 3 piece bronze tripod with two handles, 2 pieces of bronze an ancient double boiler (n y ǎ, the ancient cooking utensils), 1 piece bronze pots, as well as a lot of small 2 piece bronze fǔ. "One can see so many precious bronzes excavated, I feel very happy, feel like doing archaeological work in Baoji, is a very happy thing. "Following the first batch of cultural relics to extract, Wang Zhankui unable to hide his inner excitement.
It is worth mentioning that, start with the K2, K8 alcove extracted 4 one bronze guǐ fancy. Ren Xueli said that bronze guǐ 's main feature is the rice. Artifacts unearthed from the tomb of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, businessman, Zhou people eat heavy drinking. Bronze guǐ unearthed in Baoji region with strong local characteristics, the ancients guǐ equivalent of our old Shaanxi noodles "big old Bowl."
Wang Zhankui said that since August Drum Mountain archaeological excavations, archaeological teams 11 civilian Tomb has been excavated. Numerous bronzes unearthed from the tombs, compared to the M4, civilian pottery class objects unearthed from the tomb and burying shallow, Earthwork and M4 are incomparable. Funerals do not form a system in the early weeks, but it is the lineage heritage of social customs. "Dead like the living" is a principle of ancient burial, was treated the dead as when he was alive. "Judging from how much funeral tombs, funerary objects can be seen in distinct social hierarchy. "The book preface says that" King Wu Sheng-yan, State nobility, Ban Zongyi, made of the divider. "From which can be deduced, after King Wu lvbu to conquer Yin Zhou, accomplished courtier has been monkey work and awarding trophies. To this we can infer that much of funerary Tomb large bronzes is derived from reward gallantry.
It is understood that after 14 pieces of cultural relics have been boxed into extracted, sent to Baoji bronzeware Museum saved. Staff will then in the laboratory, to these relics once cleaned up, explore and extract hidden information, for research.
(Original title: from today's oldest bronze fǔ available (fig))
本报讯 (记者 赵航赵国强)昨日，宝鸡石鼓山M4号墓葬青铜器提取首日惊喜不断，包括青铜簠(fǔ，古代祭祀时盛稻粱的器具)等14件青铜器陆续出土，其中一对青铜簠系距今年代最早的青铜簠，它也为现存故宫博物院的一件同时期青铜簠提供了有力的年代佐证。
国内首次发现带铃铛青铜簠
昨日上午9时许，青铜器的提取工作从K2号壁龛首先开始。因为墓底据地面有7米高的落差，文物专家特意为文物提取搭建了一个用钢管制作而成的滑轨梁，然后用滑轮吊装一个木箱上下运送文物。为了在运输过程中给文物减震，专家们想出了一个妙招：给长、宽约60厘米的木箱里倒进半袋子麦粒，用来给青铜器做“垫子”，完全满足了高空文物提取的操作性。
下午2时许，随着K8壁龛里一对大小不一的青铜簠陆续出土，考古现场的气氛高涨起来。宝鸡市青铜器博物院陈列研究室主任任雪莉介绍，一大一小两件青铜簠是今天提取的14件文物中，最令她感到激动的两件文物。她说，这两件青铜簠，是国内目前出土的年代最为久远的青铜簠，以前出土的青铜簠绝大多数年代在西周中晚期之后，此次出土的已初步判断为商末周初时期。其中，体型较大的青铜簠更是弥足珍贵。目前，与之体型年代较为相近的唯一一件青铜簠现存于北京故宫博物院，此青铜簠年代约在西周初期。尽管故宫的青铜簠体型略大，但故宫的青铜簠没有附耳，而本次出土的大青铜簠侧壁有两个大小不一的附耳。另外，最令人感到新奇的是，本次出土的大青铜簠的侧壁竟系着一个铃铛，也是国内目前出土的首件带有铃铛的青铜簠。虽然系铃铛的青铜器较为常见，但系铃铛的青铜簠却非常罕见。任雪莉说，这件系铃铛的青铜簠考古研究价值非常高，可以依此对故宫的青铜簠做出具有实物价值的判定和推测。
对于这件系着铃铛的青铜簠，陕西省考古研究院研究员王占奎介绍，这件青铜簠铸造时非常讲究，先铸造好铃铛，随后再铸造簠体和链接铃铛的铜环，铜环无任何缝隙，铃铛、铜环、铜簠三者浑然一体。此外，由于现存于故宫的那件青铜簠目前来源还是一个谜，而这件系着铃铛的青铜簠是通过考古挖掘而面世，根正苗红，具有非常高的研究价值。至于这件青铜簠为何系着铃铛，目前还是一个谜。
青铜簋类似老陕的“大老碗”
据了解，此次提取的14件青铜器中，有6件青铜簋(guǐ，古代盛食物的器具)，3件青铜鼎、2件青铜甗(yǎn，古代蒸煮用的炊具)，1件青铜壶，以及一大一小2件青铜簠。“一次能够看到这么多珍贵的青铜器挖掘出土，我感到非常高兴，觉得在宝鸡从事考古工作，是一件很幸福的事情。”首批文物提取工作结束后，王占奎难掩内心的激动。
值得一提的是，从K2和K8壁龛里提取的4件青铜簋造型别致。任雪莉介绍说，青铜簋的主要功能就是盛饭。从商周墓出土的器物来看，商人重饮酒、周人重食器。宝鸡地区出土的青铜簋也具有浓郁的地方特色，古人的簋相当于我们老陕吃面时的“大老碗”。
王占奎说，从8月份展开石鼓山考古挖掘以来，考古队已经对11座平民墓进行了挖掘。相比M4号墓葬出土众多的青铜器，平民墓中多出土陶罐类的器物，而且埋葬较浅，土方量和M4都不可比拟。虽然周初的丧葬未形成制度，但是却是沿袭传承的社会习俗。“事死如生”是古人丧葬的原则，就是对待死者如他活着之时。“无论从丧葬的墓形、随葬品的多寡中可以看到当时等级鲜明的社会层级。”《尚书序》中记载，“武王既胜殷，邦诸侯、班宗彝，作《分器》。”从中可以推断出，武王率部攻克殷纣后，对有功之臣进行了封侯和颁发战利品工作。以此推断，墓主陪葬的大量青铜器多是战功显赫赏赐所得。
据了解，提取的14件文物已经装箱入库后，送至宝鸡市青铜器博物院保存。随后工作人员将在实验室内，对这些文物进行再次清理、发掘，提取隐性信息，以供研究所用。
(原标题：距今年代最久的青铜簠面世(图))
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