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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/30 5:44:37 Nanjing plot five mental track of corruption prevention of duty crime
Nanjing three five kinds of perishable departments draw trajectory
Formation of psychology of duty crime, externalization or deterioration, committed faced setbacks with duties related to improper attribution related to problems with them, and some even psychopathic results. For this reason, against public officials, especially leading cadres, make the necessary psychological counselling, giving them a better understanding of occupational risk, mental health, master the legitimate ways and means of regulating psychological, learning to experience happiness, maintaining peace, to prevent their psychological problems, cheating and even crime has a positive effect
-Reporter Ma Chao
Ning Jixuan drum-newspaper correspondents JI Xuan
Deputy Director of the construction Committee, 1 bus tickets to my wife why greed to get reimbursed? Millions stolen money was covered with bed, usually commute by bike, did his heart really hold up?
What 1.1 points to degenerate to the corrupt? In addition to the system, such as external factors, psychological desires are also important catalysts. On December 27, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, launched the first national public officers Handbook on occupational risk assessment, mental track of quantifiable testing methods to detect corruption, preventing duty crimes opened the door.
Corruption mental evolution 6 stages 3
No one in the world is inherently corrupt officials, those officials degenerated into criminals, most have certain talents and abilities, too, have made contributions to the country. So, how do they step by step into the abyss of crime? In Nanjing gulou District Director, Secretary of the Steering Committee of duty crime prevention said Feng Wenlan, to unravel the mystery, from 2008 onwards, gulou District Commission for discipline inspection, prosecution and cooperation on crime control and Prevention Institute of Nanjing University, system analysis of the healthcare industry, universities, construction on three major areas of duty crime and face to face interviews with 47 prisoners, continuing psychological prevention of duty crime investigations.
For in-depth analysis of job crime psychological, developmental, evolutional, in 2011, the three departments to survey nearly 200 official crime offenders, pose to job crime psychological characteristics, psychological evolution, functions outside the criminal psychology of duty crime of pattern, an in-depth study of job crime psychological evolution, formed the first job crime psychological survey.
"Official crimes often go through the following process: access to power--the temptation--the desire to enhance motivation – – options – chance – choose to trade power for money – money is easier-want to be strong – abuse of means of strengthening. "Leading Di Xiaohua, a professor at Nanjing University said of the survey.
According to Di Xiaohua introduction, General experience job crime psychological understanding, testing, trade, Alliance, exposure, adaptation of the six-stage, psychological processes are extremely complex. Psychological trajectories tend to show the need for the normal evolution, mindset by the imbalance of the distortion to the pathological evolution, the evolution of behavior from passive to automatic.
Investigation found, almost all investigation object are has accept had forms different of anti-corruption education, but they General think currently of anti-corruption education formality: General only unilateral to accused criminals quality poor, and rarely specific analysis led to they crime of specific causes; just generalities how prevention positions crime, and lack guide bribery Hou how suspended of method; just empty to said to clean not gifts, and no made both can adapted environment and not to fall of specific path.
Stated in the survey report, formation, outside or deterioration of job crime psychological, committed faced setbacks with duties related to improper attribution related to problems with them, and some even psychopathic results. For this reason, against public officials, especially leading cadres, make the necessary psychological counselling, giving them a better understanding of occupational risk, mental health, master the legitimate ways and means of regulating psychological, learning to experience happiness, maintaining peace, to prevent their psychological problems, cheating and even commit crimes all have an active role.
5 perishable 34 questions
According to Nanjing drum-tower Office-related crimes, the gulou District Prosecutor's Office Prosecutor Yang Jianping, Deputy Director of the Steering Committee introduced, through surveys and data analysis of the nearly 300 prisoners, in 5 cases of public officials were more likely to have bad mental state, and this attitude, driven by forming the motive of duty crime.
When careers are blocked, hopeless when you upsize, some public officials would feel "like," and efforts to secure a promotion, into "sell" power gradually will focus on the abuse when inappropriate, material desire enhancement, civil servants will have a strong sense of relative deprivation and discontent, formed to trade power for money motivated.
When spouses reproach, pride, and some public official can unknowingly gave free rein to his kinship with the power to influence "to make money" and when relationships strained, especially when families and some public officials the need for spiritual solace, and more easily captured by erotic. Once an "aberration", there will be living beyond their means, or unable, to maintain this situation, abuse of power is inevitable. Duty committed behind often have mistresses, "little three" figure, are examples of this situation.
"There is a situation when a variety of honors and, or feel that they have been ' credit ', some public officials ' carried away ' mentality, or should enjoy life, enjoy life, thereby relaxing the requirements, and gradually towards a life of crime. "Yang Jianping said.
From December 2013, gulou district, Nanjing public officials will begin to receive a special Handbook: the job crime risk assessment guide. The self-assessment portion of the manual, designed the corruption index 34 asked for public officers detailed from characteristics of dynamic factors, regulating factors, factors, mind, subconscious self test and risk assessment for corruption in the five areas. You answer the 34 questions, calculate scores, you'll be able to know their own corruption index.
"A certain risk factors directly illustrates the extent to which factors close to job crime psychological composition. Power factor in assessing high risk, would indicate that it has been close to or even required to meet job crime psychological structure of power factor level, but cannot be said to have job crime psychological conditions that are necessary. Only if the adjustment factors, characteristics and attitude factors are at high risk, can already commit a crime or crime is approaching. "Di Xiaohua reading road.
Manual compiled by experts psychology, risk and prevention gave a vivid detail of reasoning and analysis, avoiding rigid indoctrination and preaching, in favour of public recognition and acceptance. Such as official corruption plot summary in different years can easily lead to warnings and concerns of generations in the same year:
Born in 560 corrupt officials, many of them had similar experiences growing up, had a miserable childhood, a struggling youth, a rising middle and, finally, a miserable life ... ... Corruption plot are basically very "old-fashioned", not out of this "vicious circle".
Corrupt officials and 560 were born different, 780-born corrupt officials were mostly grew up in the good times, so their experience corruption presents an alternative vision: a happy childhood, an enviable youth, a middle-aged, be blinded by lust for gain and fall rapidly ... ... Their corruption plots similar, but the braver of corruption.
According to Yang Jianping introduction, after the introduction of the manual, in the part of area in unit test applications, receive higher appraisal. Next, you will continue to improve as reflected they designed for providing more effective prevention of duty crime of "mind reading".
Staff writer, Nanjing, December 29-
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Greed five radical duty crime agent "medicine"
Gulou district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Steering Committee for prevention of duty crime duties in upholding the law, social prevention of crime at the same time, advanced towards psychological depth in the area of prevention, out of the five agents "medicine."
"Medicine": published psychology of duty crime prevention report, psychology of duty crime alert. In 2011, the gulou District Committee to cooperate with Nanjing University Institute for crime prevention and control, for the first time released investigation report on psychology of duty crime prevention across the country. Case interviews, questionnaire surveys, statistical analysis report, co-extensive prison for 47 crimes criminals face to face interviews, questionnaire survey was conducted nearly 200 job crime offenders, has an effective questionnaire 150 copies.
"Medicine" II: building power monitoring, process monitoring, prevention of duty crime prevention system. April 2012, gulou district pre-refers to Board and China psychology will legal branch, and Jiangsu Province psychological learned held has positions crime psychological control seminar cum results launches, invited psychology expert scholars and discipline, and prosecutorial practice personnel, and stationed in district units representative, together research demonstration positions crime psychological control programme, active building power supervision, and process monitoring, and psychological control of positions crime prevention system, efforts building to "at right", and "at thing" and "at people" for content of positions crime stereo prevention pattern.
"Medicine" III: introduction of job crime psychological prevention education interventions. Gulou district authority launched a psychology of duty crime prevention education interventions and proposed "four combinations": that combination of cleaning up the environment and enhance mental immunity, serious discipline combined with intensive psychological deterrence, counselling and psychological intervention combined, combining incentives control and psychological risk control.
"Medicine" IV: psychological research results apply to the case and investigative practice. In the investigation toll collectors Yang embezzlement case, found that Yang committed embezzlement crime may be related to her deformity of consumer psychology. To break the criminal suspects, and effective analysis of causes of the crime, the Prosecutor invited psychologists questioned Yang, relieve Yang's mental, so she felt from her own unhealthy psychological implications and consequences, sincerely repent their crimes contributed to the smooth progress of investigation on a case.
"Medicine" v: Handbook of launching positions risk test, evaluate, adaptation. In carrying out its functions on the basis of psychological investigation and prevention of crime prevention practice, and Nanjing University Institute for crime prevention and control, psychological questionnaire design, science set score of duty crime risk tests, assessment, and self-adjustment, eventually forming a Handbook of job crime psychological testing, evaluation, and adjustment.
(Original title: Nanjing three five kinds of perishable departments map out path)
南京三部门绘出五种易腐败心理轨迹
职务犯罪心理的形成、外化或是恶化，有的与职务犯面临的挫折有关，有的则与他们对问题的不当归因有关，还有的甚至就是心理变态的结果。为此，对公职人员，特别是领导干部进行必要的心理辅导，让他们更好地了解职业的风险、心理的健康，掌握调节心理的正当途径和方法，学会体验幸福，保持心理平和等，对于防止他们心理问题恶化，行为出轨甚至违法犯罪都有着积极的作用
□本报记者马超
□本报通讯员宁纪宣鼓纪宣
堂堂建委副主任，为何贪婪到连老婆的1元公交车票都要拿到单位报销？百万赃款铺满了床底，平时却骑车上下班，他的内心真的hold得住吗？
腐败分子到底是怎么一点一点地蜕化变质的？除了制度、监督等外部因素外，心理贪欲也是重要的催化剂。12月27日，江苏省南京市推出全国首个《公职人员职业风险心理评估手册》，用量化测试手段探测腐败心理轨迹，开启心理预防职务犯罪大门。
腐败心理6个阶段3种演变
世上没有谁天生就是贪官，那些堕落为罪犯的官员，大多具有一定的才干和能力，也曾经为国家作出过贡献。那么，他们是如何一步一步坠入犯罪深渊的呢？南京市鼓楼区预防职务犯罪指导委员会主任、鼓楼区纪委书记冯雯兰介绍说，为解开这个谜团，从2008年起，鼓楼区纪委、检察院和南京大学犯罪控制与预防研究所合作，分析医疗行业、高校系统、工程建设三大领域职务犯罪情况，面对面访谈47名服刑人员，持续开展职务犯罪心理预防调查。
为深入剖析职务犯罪心理发生、发展、演变规律，2011年，三部门又对近200名职务犯罪罪犯进行了问卷调查，对职务犯罪心理构成特征、职务犯罪心理演变过程、职务犯罪心理外化模式、职务犯罪心理演变规律进行了深入的研究，形成了国内首份职务犯罪的心理调查报告。
“职务犯罪通常经历以下历程：掌握权力——受到诱惑——欲望增强——选择手段——动机斗争——侥幸心理——选择权钱交易——钱财来得容易——欲求变得强烈——以权谋私手段强化。”主导这项调查的南京大学教授狄小华说。
据狄小华介绍，职务犯罪心理一般经历初识、试探、交易、结盟、暴露、改造六个阶段，心理过程极为复杂。而心理轨迹往往呈现出需要由常态到畸变的演变、心态由失衡到病态的演变、行为由被动到自动的演变。
调查发现，几乎所有调查对象都曾接受过形式不同的反腐败教育，但他们普遍认为目前的反腐教育流于形式：一般只单方面地指责罪犯素质差，而很少具体分析导致他们犯罪的具体原因；只是泛泛而谈如何预防职务犯罪，而缺乏指导受贿后如何中止的方法；只是空洞地说要廉洁不要收礼，而没有提出既能适应环境又不至堕落的具体路径。
调查报告指出，职务犯罪心理的形成、外化或是恶化，有的与职务犯面临的挫折有关，有的则与他们对问题的不当归因有关，还有的甚至就是心理变态的结果。为此，对公职人员，特别是领导干部进行必要的心理辅导，让他们更好地了解职业的风险、心理的健康，掌握调节心理的正当途径和方法，学会体验幸福，保持心理平和等，对于防止他们心理问题恶化，行为出轨甚至违法犯罪都有着积极的作用。
5种易腐败情形34道题
据南京市鼓楼区预防职务犯罪指导委员会副主任、鼓楼区检察院检察长杨建萍介绍，通过对近300名罪犯的调查和数据分析，公职人员在5种情形下更容易产生不良心态，并在这种心态的推动下，形成职务犯罪的动机。
当仕途受阻、升迁无望时，一些公职人员会因此感受到“失意”，而将原来争取晋升的努力，转化为“捞一把”的动力，逐步将心思放到以权谋私上；当比较失当，物质欲望增强时，一些公职人员会产生强烈的相对剥夺感，并产生不满情绪，形成权钱交易的动机。
当配偶责备、自尊心受损时，一些公职人员会不知不觉地放任自己亲属以权力影响“挣钱”；当人际关系紧张，特别是家庭不和时，有的公职人员由于需要精神的慰藉，而更容易被情色所俘获。而一旦生活出现“越轨”，就会出现入不敷出或欲罢不能的情况，为维持这种情况，权力被滥用也就不可避免。职务犯背后常有情妇、“小三”身影，就是这种情况的例证。
“还有一种情形就是当各种荣誉加身，或觉得自己立有‘大功劳’时，有的公职人员会出现‘忘乎所以’的心理，或者产生应该享受人生、乐享生活的心态，从而放松要求，逐步走上犯罪道路。”杨建萍说。
从2013年12月起，南京市鼓楼区的公职人员都将陆续收到一本特别的手册：《职务犯罪风险自评手册》。手册中的自我评估部分，为公职人员详细设计了腐败指数34问，从动力因素、调节因素、特征因素、心态因素、潜意识等五个方面自测腐败心理倾向和风险评估。答完这34道题，算出得分，你就可以知道自己的腐败心理指数。
“某一因素风险的高低直接说明了这一因素在多大程度上接近职务犯罪心理的构成。如动力因素的评估是高风险，就表明它已经接近甚至达到职务犯罪心理结构中动力因素所需要的水平，但还不能说已经具备了职务犯罪所必须的心理条件。只有当调节因素、特征因素和心态因素都处于高风险时，才能说明已经实施过犯罪或犯罪正在逼近。”狄小华解读道。
手册由心理学方面的专家编撰，对风险与防范做了生动细致的说理和剖析，避免了生硬灌输和说教，有利于公职人员认同和接受。比如对不同年代官员的贪腐情节进行归纳总结，容易引起同年代人的警醒与关注：
五六十年代出生的贪官，很多都有相似的成长经历，即都有一个苦难的童年，一个奋斗的青年，一个上升的中年，最后是一个悲惨的晚年……贪腐情节基本都很“老套”，没有跳出上述“怪圈”。
与五六十年代出生的贪官不同，七八十年代出生的贪官大多是在顺境中成长起来的，所以他们的腐败经历又呈现出另一番景象：一个快乐的童年，一个令人羡慕的青年，一个利令智昏并迅速堕落的中年……他们的贪腐情节相似，但腐败的胆子更大。
据杨建萍介绍，手册推出后，在部分辖区内单位开展测试应用，获得了较高的评价。下一步，他们将根据实际反映继续改进设计，为职务犯罪预防提供更加有效的“读心术”。
本报南京12月29日电
链接
根治职务犯罪贪欲五剂“心药”
江苏省南京市鼓楼区预防职务犯罪工作指导委员会在坚持法律、社会预防职务犯罪的同时，向心理预防领域纵深推进，开出了五剂“心药”。
“心药”一：发布职务犯罪心理预防报告，开展职务犯罪心理风险警示。2011年，鼓楼区预指委与南京大学犯罪预防与控制研究所合作，首次在全国发布职务犯罪心理预防调查报告。报告采取个案访谈、问卷调查、统计分析，共深入监狱对47名职务犯罪罪犯进行了面对面访谈，对近200名职务犯罪罪犯进行了问卷调查，共获得有效问卷150份。
“心药”二：构建权力监督、流程监控、心理防治的职务犯罪预防体系。2012年4月份，鼓楼区预指委与中国心理学会法律分会、江苏省心理学会召开了职务犯罪心理防治研讨会暨成果发布会，邀请心理学专家学者和纪检、检察实务人员、驻区单位代表，一起研究论证职务犯罪心理防治方案，积极构建权力监督、流程监控、心理防治的职务犯罪预防体系，努力构筑以“盯权”、“盯事”与“盯人”为内容的职务犯罪立体预防格局。
“心药”三：推出职务犯罪心理预防教育干预行动。鼓楼区预指委启动了职务犯罪心理预防教育干预行动，提出“四个结合”：即净化环境与增强心理免疫相结合、严肃纪律与强化心理威慑相结合、心理辅导与提供心理干预相结合、诱因控制与心理风险控制相结合。
“心药”四：心理研究成果运用到办案和侦查的实践之中。在侦查收费员杨某挪用公款案件时，发现杨某实施挪用公款犯罪可能与她畸形的消费心理有关。为突破犯罪嫌疑人心理，并有效分析其犯罪原因，检察官邀请心理学专家一起讯问杨某，疏导杨某的心理，让她感觉自己的不健康心理给她带来的影响和后果，真心悔过自己的犯罪行为，促进了侦查办案的顺利进行。
“心药”五：推出职务风险测试、评估、调适手册。在开展职务犯罪心理预防调查和防治实践的基础上，和南京大学犯罪预防与控制研究所合作，设计心理调查问卷，科学设定分值，对职务犯罪风险进行测试、评估，并加以自我调适，最终形成了职务犯罪心理测试、评估和调适手册。
(原标题：南京三部门绘出五种易腐败心理轨迹)
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