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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2013/12/30 5:45:28 The Central family planning exactly right， that must be long stuck
Xinhuanet, Beijing, December 30-the CPC Central Committee and the State Council recently issued the opinions on adjusting the perfect maternity policies. Reads as follows:
As a follow-up to the 18 on the third plenary session of the party adhere to the basic State policy of family planning, launch party is the policy of one-child couples to have two children (hereinafter referred to as a separate two-child policy), and gradually perfecting family planning policies, promote long-term balanced population development decision to deploy, secure and orderly adjustment solidly perfecting family planning policy now makes the following observations.
, Fully understand the adjustments improve fertility policy significance
Relationship between the population issue is always our major issues of overall, coordinated and sustainable development, is an important factor affecting economic and social development. Party Central Committee and the State Council adhere to integrated decision-making on population and development, will be established as a basic State policy of family planning, and actively explore development roads in line with China's actual population. After the party years of unremitting effort of the whole society, China's family planning work has made great achievements, too fast population growth under control, the population reproduction pattern to achieve historic change, effectively alleviate the population pressure on resources and environment, contribute greatly to the sustained and rapid economic development and social progress, and improve the situation of women and child development, laying a solid foundation to build a well-off society. Made a significant contribution to the broad masses, family planning workers had made strenuous efforts. Practice has proved that proceed from China's basic national conditions and unswervingly promotes family planning, both national long-term development requirements, and conform to the fundamental interests of the masses, is entirely correct, it should be stuck to.
Fertility policy is at the heart of the basic national policy of family planning. Existing birth policy was gradually formed in the long practice, and with the changing population and economic and social development situation continues to improve. Build a well-off society in the process, in accordance with developments in the population situation, adjust the perfect maternity policy, plays a very important role.
(A) conducive to sustained and healthy economic development. At present, China's population, low birth rate steadily falling, 15-59, started to reduce the total working-age population, average age of the workforce continues to increase. Speed of population ageing, aging evident. Population development cycle is long, rich labor force, population care less taxing times, timely adjustment of sound family planning policies, to improve the population structure, maintain a reasonable scale of labor, delaying the ageing of the population, enhancing economic development.
(B) in favour of family well-being and social harmony. In recent years, the miniaturization trend, structures, diversity of family size, proportion of one-child families and elderly people living alone increased, weakening family of birth, old age, and other basic functions. Adjust the perfect birth policies, conform to people's expectations, promote gender balance birth, improve the ability of family development, facilitating the immediate interests and long-term interests harmonize, promote social harmony and stability.
(C) conducive to promoting the long-term and balanced development of the population. The early 90, entered the low-fertility countries. As the level of economic and social development, urbanization and mass reproductive change, women's total fertility rate showed a steadily falling trend. Fertility levels are too high or too low, are not conducive to the coordinated development of population, economy and society. Adjust sound fertility policy, in line with the law on population and development, conducive to the stabilization of moderately low fertility, slow the population peaked too soon after declining momentum conducive to the long-term development of the Chinese nation.
Second, correctly grasp the adjustment improve the family planning policy of the general idea
(A) guiding principle. With Deng Xiaoping theory and "three represents" important thought, guided by the scientific concept of development, fully implement the party's 18 large and 18 the spirit of the third plenary session, adhere to the basic State policy of family planning, and implementing population and family planning law, sound solid and orderly adjustment improve the reproductive policies, stable moderate low fertility level, ensure the planned population control objectives.
(B) the basic principle. Overall stability is to ensure policy implementation risk can be controlled to ensure that large fluctuations in fertility levels are not. Second, urban and rural areas, in urban and rural synchronous adjustment improve the reproductive policies, promote coordinated development of urban and rural integration and regional. Third is classification guidance, national unity under the guidance of practical arrangements. Four is to coordinate the development and co-ordination of equal quantity, quality, structure and distribution of population development, overall population, economy, society, resources, Environment coordinated and sustainable development.
(C) steps. According to population and family planning law stipulates that provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) people's Government in the comprehensive assessment of the situation of local populations, family planning work and policy implementation risk cases, establish a separate two-child policy implementation plan, departments under the State Council for the record, by the provincial people's Congress or its Standing Committee amend local regulations or provisions organizations according to law.
Third, adhere to the basic State policy of family planning, safe and solid and orderly work
China's basic national conditions, many people have no fundamental change, population pressures on the economy, society, resources and environment long-standing basic national policy of family planning should be stuck to. In adjusting the perfect maternity policies must adhere to the party and Government leaders personally, responsible for the, you must adhere to the consolidation and strengthening of family planning work at basic level, must adhere to the time-tested ideas and methods of work.
(A) to improve the working mechanism. Improve self-governance among family planning, advocacy, management according to the law, public service, policy-driven, comprehensive long-term working mechanism, promote integrity and family planning work. Play control function of population planning, the establishment of population monitoring and early-warning mechanism, strengthen the survey population change, improving the birth information reporting system, accelerate the construction of national basic data population, for marriage, fertility, household management and other aspects of information sharing. Continue to do well in key areas, particularly in rural family planning, reproductive and approval, advocating for reasonable spacing. Strengthen key populations, such as the floating population's family planning services and management, high sex ratio at birth issue, strict control over child birth policy out especially, strictly investigate and deal with illegal reproductive behavior.
(B) the complete set of policies. Established populations of significant economic and social policies impact assessment mechanisms, effective cohesion policies related to economic and social policy and family planning. Western region of further perfecting rural families practicing family planning for rewarding and assisting, "fewer of Fife", family planning, special interests, such as helping the family-oriented policies, and incentives help the standard dynamic adjustment mechanism. Establishment and perfection of families practicing family planning support system for older persons. Properly addressed special hardship families living in family planning care, old-age security, disease treatment, psychiatric problems. Policy adjustments before and after family planning benefit-oriented and linkage of social restriction policy, maintain the solemnity of the policy. Based on population change, rational planning and allocation for health, education, culture, social security and other basic public services resources.
(C) promotional to boot. Intensively to do ideological work of cadres and the masses, unified ideological understanding central policy deployment. Give full play to the role of the media, such as radio, television, newspapers and magazines, the Internet, popular advocacy activities carried out in depth, great achievements to promote family planning work, and adhere to the basic State policy of family planning in the new situation, adjust and improve fertility policy significance. Strengthen positive guidance, policy interpretation, and actively respond to social concerns and create a good public opinion atmosphere for policy implementation.
(D) strengthen organizational leadership. All localities to follow central policy deployment, enhanced co-ordination, ensures that comprehensive reproductive policy secure a solid and orderly implementation. Adhere to the target management responsibility system of family planning, stabilizing and strengthening grass-roots family planning network and team, strict implementation of the family planning vote veto system, ensure that the responsibilities and measures are in place, put in place. Departments under the State Council to strengthen local adjustments and improve family planning policy guidance. The relevant departments to enhance the overall concept, strengthen coordination, the formation of working together.
Throughout this implementation to be promptly reported to the central secretariat of the supervision, notice of the timely organization.
新华网北京12月30日电 中共中央、国务院近日印发了《关于调整完善生育政策的意见》。全文如下：
为贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会关于坚持计划生育的基本国策，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策（以下简称单独两孩政策），逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展的决策部署，稳妥扎实有序推进调整完善生育政策，现提出如下意见。
一、充分认识调整完善生育政策的重要意义
人口问题始终是关系我国全面协调可持续发展的重大问题，是影响经济社会发展的重要因素。党中央、国务院坚持人口与发展综合决策，将计划生育确立为基本国策，积极探索符合我国实际的人口发展道路。经过全党全社会多年不懈努力，我国计划生育工作取得了巨大成就，人口过快增长得到有效控制，人口再生产类型实现历史性转变，有效缓解了人口对资源环境的压力，有力促进了经济持续较快发展和社会进步，改善了妇女儿童发展状况，为全面建成小康社会奠定了坚实基础。广大人民群众作出了重大贡献，计划生育工作者付出了艰苦努力。实践证明，从我国基本国情出发，坚定不移地推行计划生育，既符合国家长远发展要求，又符合群众根本利益，是完全正确的，必须长期坚持。
生育政策是计划生育基本国策的核心。现行生育政策是在长期实践中逐步形成的，并随着人口与经济社会发展形势变化不断完善。在全面建成小康社会进程中，根据人口形势发展变化，调整完善生育政策，具有十分重要的意义。
（一）有利于经济持续健康发展。目前，我国人口低生育水平稳中有降，15至59岁劳动年龄人口总量开始减少，劳动力平均年龄不断提高。人口老龄化速度加快，高龄化趋势明显。人口发展周期较长，在劳动力数量较丰富、人口抚养负担较轻的时期，及时调整完善生育政策，有利于改善人口结构，保持合理劳动力规模，延缓人口老龄化速度，增强经济发展活力。
（二）有利于家庭幸福与社会和谐。近年来，我国家庭呈现规模小型化、结构多样化趋势，独生子女家庭和独居老人比例有所升高，家庭的生育、养老等基本功能有所弱化。调整完善生育政策，顺应了人民群众期待，有利于促进出生人口性别平衡，提升家庭发展能力，有利于将当前利益与长远利益统一起来，促进社会和谐稳定。
（三）有利于促进人口长期均衡发展。上世纪90年代初，我国进入低生育水平国家行列。随着经济社会发展、城镇化水平提高和群众生育观念转变，妇女总和生育率呈现稳中有降的趋势。生育水平过高或过低，都不利于人口与经济社会协调发展。调整完善生育政策，符合人口发展规律，有利于稳定适度低生育水平，减缓人口总量在达到峰值后过快下降的势头，有利于中华民族长远发展。
二、正确把握调整完善生育政策的总体思路
（一）指导思想。以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中全会精神，坚持计划生育基本国策，贯彻实施人口与计划生育法，稳妥扎实有序调整完善生育政策，稳定适度低生育水平，保证人口总量控制在既定规划目标之内。
（二）基本原则。一是总体稳定，确保政策实施过程风险可控，确保生育水平不出现大的波动。二是城乡统筹，在城乡同步调整完善生育政策，促进城乡一体化和区域协调发展。三是分类指导，在国家统一指导下，各地从实际出发作出安排。四是协调发展，统筹人口数量、素质、结构、分布的均衡发展，统筹人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调与可持续发展。
（三）方法步骤。根据人口与计划生育法的规定，各省（自治区、直辖市）人民政府在全面评估当地人口形势、计划生育工作基础及政策实施风险的情况下，制定单独两孩政策实施方案，报国务院主管部门备案，由省级人民代表大会或其常委会修订地方性法规或作出规定，依法组织实施。
三、坚持计划生育基本国策，稳妥扎实有序推进各项工作
我国人口众多的基本国情没有根本改变，人口对经济、社会、资源、环境的压力长期存在，计划生育基本国策必须长期坚持。在调整完善生育政策过程中，必须坚持党政一把手亲自抓、负总责，必须坚持巩固和加强计划生育基层基础工作，必须坚持行之有效的工作思路和方法。
（一）健全工作机制。完善计划生育宣传倡导、依法管理、群众自治、优质服务、政策推动、综合治理长效工作机制，推进诚信计生工作。发挥人口计划的调控作用，建立人口监测和预警机制，加强人口变动情况调查，完善出生人口信息报告制度，加快推进国家人口基础信息库建设，实现婚姻、生育、户籍管理等方面的信息共享。继续做好重点地区特别是农村计划生育工作，做好再生育审批，倡导合理的生育间隔。加强对流动人口等重点人群的计划生育服务与管理，综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题，严格控制政策外生育特别是多孩生育，严肃查处违法生育行为。
（二）完善配套政策。建立重大经济社会政策人口影响评估机制，做好相关经济社会政策与计划生育政策的有效衔接。进一步完善农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助、西部地区“少生快富”、计划生育家庭特别扶助等利益导向政策，实行奖励扶助标准动态调整机制。建立和完善计划生育家庭老年人扶助制度。妥善解决计划生育特殊困难家庭的生活照料、养老保障、大病治疗、精神慰藉等问题。做好政策调整前后计划生育利益导向和社会制约政策的衔接，维护政策的严肃性。根据人口变动情况，合理规划和配置卫生、教育、文化、社会保障等基本公共服务资源。
（三）做好宣传引导。深入细致地做好干部群众思想工作，把思想认识统一到中央决策部署上来。充分发挥广播电视、报刊、网络等媒体的作用，深入开展群众喜闻乐见的宣传倡导活动，大力宣传计划生育工作的巨大成就和新形势下坚持计划生育基本国策、调整完善生育政策的重要意义。加强正面引导，做好政策解读，主动回应社会关切，为政策实施营造良好舆论氛围。
（四）加强组织领导。各地要按照中央决策部署，加强统筹协调，确保调整完善生育政策稳妥扎实有序实施。坚持计划生育目标管理责任制，稳定和加强基层计划生育工作网络和队伍，严格落实计划生育工作一票否决制，确保责任到位、措施到位、投入到位。国务院主管部门要加强对地方调整完善生育政策工作的指导。各有关部门要增强大局观念，加强协调配合，形成工作合力。
各地要将本意见贯彻落实情况及时向中央报告，中央办公厅、国务院办公厅将适时组织督促检查。
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