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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/2 8:33:59 Beijing environmental protection Bureau release： Beijing last year PM2.5 is 2.5 times times the national standard
Environmental protection agency issued 2013 Beijing this morning in January and the worst air quality in the first quarter the average annual concentration of 89.5 mg/m –
Annual PM2.5 GB 2.5 times times
Legal evening news (Xinhua) in 2013, is the first year of the implementation of new national air quality standards, 2013-2017 clean air quality action plan in the first year, Beijing established a monitoring network covering the city. How the air quality? How many days are there standards? This morning, the municipal environmental protection Bureau first published annual PM2.5 monitoring and air quality as measured by the new national standards.
PM2.5 concentrations for the first time in the city as a major pollutant monitoring. According to the municipal environmental protection monitoring center, annual PM2.5 concentrations up to 89.5 μg/m3, and values towards the new national standard to 35 micrograms/cubic meter, this is almost 2.5 times times the national standards. Especially in January, monthly mean values of PM2.5 concentrations as high as 160 μg/m for maximum annual.
In January under adverse conditions and a wide range of pollution dispersion effects of heavy pollution. February-December, gradually returning to normal levels, lower concentration of April, July-August, in May-June and uplifting.
Half of 2013 morning target heavy pollution in the first quarter set
By more rigorous new national standards that have "rulers", annual air quality can make a more satisfying answer? According to the municipal environmental protection monitoring center statistics, in General, 176 days good days, 48.2%. In other words, 2013 standard days accounted for almost half. But severe pollution days accumulated 58 days, 15.9%, an average of once every 6-7 days of heavy pollution days, occurred more frequently.
Main concentration of badly polluted days in the first quarter, six levels of serious pollution for 10 days, heavily polluted days, only 16 days a year. The second half, especially after the heating season, due to the weather conditions are good, good day increased significantly.
80% pollution is PM2.5 "mess free"
Pollutants over Beijing, exceeded most notably PM2.5, accounting for 77.8%. Followed by ozone, accounting for 20.1%. And PM2.5 is different throughout the main pollutants, ozone pollution occur during the May-September (around 40%), and the top four levels of high levels of pollution levels, and high levels of concentration in the afternoon to early evening. Only 2.1% other pollutants PM10 and NO2.
Three major pollutants continued to decline
Starting from 1998, the city's three major air pollutants such as SO2, NO2, PM10, continuous monitoring. According to the results of the monitoring, 2013 respectively dropped five, rose 5.4% and decline of 0.9%, an increase in nitrogen oxide rising and millions of cars a inseparable relationship.
Introduction municipal environmental protection Bureau Director Yu Jianhua of the atmosphere, although the three types of pollutants than in 1998 dropped, 78% and 43%, respectively, but according to the new national standard is still some distance, and compliance.
Such as PM10, as under the old GB standards coming up, a new national standard, there is a big gap.
Jingnan PM2.5 concentrations higher than the city's 30%
From the perspective of spatial distribution and PM2.5 in the city as a whole is high-spatial distribution characteristics of lower North, Southeast and southwest border areas of highest concentration in the city, and its concentration in urban area as a whole for the high-value area of southern and Northern regions as a whole is better.
Annual PM2.5 concentrations 35 monitoring station data shows, the lowest values are in Beijing Miyun reservoir, Northeast, and Northwest of Beijing Badaling, about 60 micrograms/cubic meter, 30% lower than the city average. Maximum value for Liulihe in Southwest Beijing, Beijing East yongledian, jingnan Yufa, reaching 110-120 mg/m, higher than the citywide average of $ 30%; transport, concentrations are higher than the city's average of 15%.
Ask questions and answer
Legal evening news (FW):January 2014 would again appear badly polluted days?
The municipal environmental protection Bureau: according to weather conditions in early January 2014 not as serious as the 2013, but middle is not so good in early, mid-June without much problem. Preliminary judgment, large areas of contamination does not occur.
FW: Chinese Academy of Sciences experts said car exhaust and emissions from MSW incineration only 4% of PM2.5 sources, what do you think?
The municipal environmental protection Bureau: can only say that this is just what I say. Beijing 500duowanliang car consumes about 4 million tons of gasoline, diesel, 2 million tons. Burning so much oil into waste and emissions at low altitude and were burning only after the 4%? Where have you can imagine the rest of the waste.
In 2013, the monitoring centre had a source apportionment of PM2.5 issue previously issued by the Environmental Protection Department said that accounts for vehicle emission 22% sources of PM2.5, which analyzed the vehicle emissions account for a slight increase in the proportion of PM2.5 sources.
FW: 35 monitoring substation based on whether expanding air quality monitoring site?
The municipal environmental protection Bureau:in 2014, will be expanded. Air quality monitoring stations in Tokyo, Paris and London was about 60, 80 and 120 per cent. Now there are not enough places, such as environmental assessments are mainly located in the plain, in fact 40% of Beijing plain, there is 60% mountain, we need solid distribution patterns.
We have 5 traffic sites, but the Beijing-Tibet, Beijing-Tianjin high-speed, congestion and freight cars concentrated but not included in the monitoring, and third of the heavy goods vehicles can contribute 5% emissions, so to speed around the establishment of monitoring sites in the future.
上午环保局发布 2013年北京一季度及1月空气质量最差 年均浓度89.5微克/立方米——
全年PM2.5 是国标2.5倍
法制晚报讯(记者 白冰) 2013年，是国家新空气质量标准实施第一年，也是2013-2017年清洁空气质量行动计划的第一年，北京建立了覆盖全市的监测网络。空气质量到底如何？有多少天达标？今天上午，市环保局首次发布全年PM2.5监测和按新国标计算的空气质量情况。
本市首次将PM2.5浓度作为主要污染物进行监测。据市环保监测中心发布，全年PM2.5浓度达89.5微克/立方米，而新国标的达标值为35微克/立方米，这几乎是国家标准的2.5倍。尤其是1月，PM2.5浓度月均值高达160微克/立方米，为全年最高。
1月受不利污染扩散的条件和区域大范围重污染的影响。2-12月逐渐回归正常水平，4月、7-8月浓度较低，5-6月又有所抬升。
上午发布 2013年一半达标 一季度重污染集中
按更严格的新国标这把“尺子”，全年空气质量是否能交上一份较满意的答卷？据市环保监测中心统计，总体来说，优良天共176天，占48.2%。也就是说，2013年达标天占近一半。但重度污染天以上累计也有58天，占15.9%，平均每6-7天就有一次重污染天，发生频率较高。
主要的严重污染天集中在一季度，六级严重污染有10天，而全年严重污染天只有16天。下半年，尤其是供暖季后，由于气象条件较好，优良天明显增多。
近8成污染 主要是PM2.5“惹的祸”
在北京上空的污染物中，超标物中最主要的是PM2.5，占77.8%。其次是臭氧，占20.1%。但和PM2.5是全年主要污染物不同，臭氧的污染主要发生在5至9月(占40%左右)，而且最高只有四级重度污染级别，且高浓度时段集中于午后到傍晚。其他污染物PM10和NO2仅占2.1%。
三项主要污染物继续下降
从1998年开始，本市对SO2、NO2、PM10等三项主要大气污染物进行连续监测。根据监测结果，2013年同比分别下降5.4%、上升7.1%和下降0.9%，其中氮氧化物的上升和几百万辆汽车的增多有着不可分的关系。
市环保局大气处处长于建华介绍，虽然三类污染物较1998年分别下降78%、24%和43%，但按新国标，仍和达标有一定距离。
比如PM10，如按旧国标马上就要达标了，可一按新国标，还有一大截的差距。
京南PM2.5浓度高出全市30%
从空间分布看，本市PM2.5整体呈南高北低的空间分布特征，东南和西南边界地区的浓度水平为全市最高，南部和市区整体为浓度次高值区，北部地区整体较好。
35个监测子站全年PM2.5浓度数据显示，最低值为京东北密云水库和为京西北八达岭，为60微克/立方米左右，比全市平均水平低30%。最高值为京西南琉璃河、京东南永乐店、京南榆垡，达到110-120微克/立方米，高出全市平均水平30%；交通站浓度均值比全市平均水平高出15%。
快问快答
法制晚报(FW)：2014年1月是否会再次出现严重污染天？
市环保局：按气象条件情况，2014年1月上旬不会像2013年那么严重，但上旬中段不太好，中旬没有太大问题。初步判断，大面积污染不会发生。
FW：对中科院有专家说汽车尾气和垃圾焚烧排污只占PM2.5来源的4%，您怎么看？
市环保局：只能说这仅仅是一家之言。北京目前500多万辆的汽车每年消耗的汽油约为400万吨、柴油200万吨。这么多的油品燃烧变成废弃物，而且都是低空排放，烧完后只占4%？大家完全可以想象剩下的废弃物都去哪里了。
2013年，监测中心做了一个PM2.5源解析的课题，此前环保部门发布的消息称，机动车排放占PM2.5来源的22%，而这次分析出来的机动车排放占PM2.5来源的比例略有增加。
FW：在35个监测子站基础上，是否会扩充空气质量监测站点？
市环保局：2014年就会扩充。东京、巴黎和伦敦的空气质量监测站约为60、80和120个左右。现在看还有不足的地方，如环境评价主要分布在平原，实际上北京的平原只占40%，还有60%的山区，我们需要掌握立体分布的规律。
我们有5个交通站点，但京藏、京津高速等拥堵且货车集中的地方却没纳入监控，而5%的重型货车却能贡献50%的排放量，所以今后要对这些高速周边建立监控站点。
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