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The author:(作者)delv
published in(发表于) 2014/1/2 8:37:22
Haze in the South than in the North and haze hurts hot

Reporter luhaitao adhering Yang Xi Zhang Yingying of newspaper correspondents Huang Chunyan Hu Huijuan

Recently about the Beijing haze and Shanghai style haze different stories being circulated on the Internet, literary cavity was: "Shabu-Shabu Dorset with a sense of a delicate and sexy with a cat shit coffee. ”

And the other says it looks more scientific, it is said: the capricious climate in the South is larger and heavier, so close to the ground, harmful to people much greater. North little haze and humidity, light and floating high in the air, the harm to the people is smaller. And similar have a saying: the cold is dry in the North and South, cold is cold, so, haze is haze in the North, the South can get wet haze?

These statements mark please? This issue's "health seeking truth" about this. This newspaper through interviews with meteorologists, environmental experts, respiratory physicians, concluded – is wrong.

　Mark reason: Southern humidity is often low

Yesterday, I consulted the provincial Climate Center senior engineer, Mao Yanjun and meteorological observatory Deputy Director Yang j, Hangzhou City. Two experts, "said haze less hazardous than haze in the South in the North", never heard it that way.

Difference between haze and fog from the judgment of relative humidity. Relative humidity is less than 80% blurred the view of atmospheric haze, causing visibility deterioration caused by haze, haze does have different relative humidity condition.

"In General, the relative air humidity in the South, but even in the South, climate change in one day, sooner or later, a bit of humidity, lower at noon. "The senior engineer of the provincial Climate Center Mao Yanjun said, such as the haze has appeared yesterday in Hangzhou, 2 o'clock in the afternoon when air relative humidity of 41% until 8 o'clock at night, relative humidity of only 50%, even in the North is relatively dry. Fog and haze are not necessarily in the South than in the North big haze and humidity.

　　Mark reason two: dry haze of danger may be higher

Does when it is dry haze lighter, easier to float in the air of pollutants harmful to the human body?

Provincial Climate Center senior engineer, Hangzhou municipal meteorological observatory Deputy Director Yang j, Mao Yanjun and two experts, did not agree with this argument.

If this argument is valid, can be derived when the air is dry, relative humidity hours monitoring PM2.5 should be dropped, because monitoring stations have been built in places near the ground.

But according to Hangzhou PM2.5 concentration curve yesterday, from yesterday morning until 4 o'clock in the afternoon yesterday, a day of almost 240 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentrations, relatively steady, even in the early hours of yesterday when the relative humidity reaches 90%, did not show significant growth. Then as the cold air coming down from, Northern contaminant, PM2.5 curve appears to climb, with changes in relative humidity was not the same rhythm. So the air as dry, fog and haze the lighter contaminants floating toward the sky, this is wide of the mark.

If the haze in the North have less pollutants drift higher, then measured the concentration of PM2.5 are also supposed to lower, but, in fact, every time when the haze hit the range, North of PM2.5 concentrations significantly in excess of the South, burst frequency table is also far beyond the southern cities. "PM2.5 and other pollutants are less haze in the North include this phrase," let those tables with burst.

Instead, air dry when the haze hazard may be greater. This year, China Meteorological reported under had reported had, grain trail in 10 micron above of particles property, will was retaining in people of nose outside; grain trail in 2.5 micron to 10 micron Zhijian of particles property, can entered Shang respiratory, on human health against relative smaller; and grain trail in 2.5 micron following of fine particles property (that PM2.5), can directly entered alveolar and was giant Eater cell swallowed, can forever stay in alveolar in, not only on respiratory, on cardiovascular, and on nervous system, will has effects. Because the water droplets in the fog particles usually dozens of Micron in diameter, compared with diameter 2.5 microns PM2.5, is not easy to directly into the lungs.

Risk is anything but small dry haze!

　Mark reason three: PM2.5 does not differentiate North and South, dry and wet

Sun Yat-sen University tutor, Guangdong against Wu, a famous haze said from experimental models, when the humidity below 80%, belong to the dry haze, humidity between 80%~95%, belonging to the humidity and haze, 95% per cent belong to the fog and mist. So wet and dry haze haze, not to distinguish between North and South, South of the does not mean only wet haze haze, wet haze.

Against Wu said that form a major component of PM2.5 haze itself, there is no difference between North and South properties of wet and dry. The size of the extent of injury to the human body, is determined by the different components of PM2.5.

So, from that point, said said haze did more damage to the human body in the South, was forced.

Central Academy of engineers in Zhejiang Province, said Wu Jian, Zhejiang PM2.5 concentrations must be lighter than the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

He and Wu against the same opinions were expressed. In his view, both North and South of the PM2.5 per se does not differ from form is the same, particulate matter PM2.5 particle size less than 2.5 microns, but sources differ. "Heating, heavy and chemical industries in the North, Zhejiang local pollutant emissions is much larger than emissions, composition, emission of coal consumption is higher in the North. ”

Cause of haze in the atmosphere and in the Hangzhou City wrote in his critical study of pollution prevention and control, the experts come to the conclusion that, motor vehicle exhaust, coal-fired, dust, and others, are the major sources of PM2.5 in Hangzhou. Ratio is roughly, vehicle exhaust and 39.5% coal-fired 33%, dust 8%, 19%.

However, Wu Jian said: "related research done in the haze of Zhejiang is relatively small, relatively weak, data, such as a certain degree of accumulation in a few years, and then for analysis will be more accurate. ”

　Mark reason four: no medical data to support

From respiratory physicians say: haze did more damage to the human body in the South, from a medical point of view, there is no direct data support.

Third people's Hospital of Hangzhou City, Director Huang Meijian said: "different climatic haze formed North and South, harm to the human body are the same. A city's air quality is the key to AQI in the north up to 999 of the haze, will be smaller than the harm of Hangzhou 200? "A respiratory Department director Wang Limin said that there is no data supporting, not known. This season, is the time most patients with respiratory tract infection, with hot-and-cold weather.

January 02, 2014 Qianjiang evening news
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南方霾比北方霾更伤人引热议|雾霾|污染物|辟谣_新闻资讯

　　本报记者 逯海涛 孙燕 杨茜本报通讯员 张颖颖 黄春燕 胡慧娟

　　最近一场关于京派霾和海派霾不同的说法在网上流传，文艺腔的说法是：“一个带有涮肉的酣畅感，一个带有猫屎咖啡的细腻和情趣。”

　　而另外一种说法则看起来更科学，是这样说的：南方的霾湿度更大、更重，所以更靠近地面，对人的危害也就更大。而北方的霾湿度更小、更轻，所以飘在空中比较高的位置，对人的危害会小一些。而类似的还有一个说法：北方的冷是干冷，南方的冷是湿冷， 这样说来，北方的霾是不是可以叫干霾，南方的能不能叫湿霾？

　　这些说法靠谱吗？本期“健康求真相”，讲的就是这个。本报通过采访气象学家、环保专家、呼吸科医生，得出结论——不靠谱。

　　不靠谱理由一：南方空气湿度也常低

　　昨天我分别咨询了省气候中心的高工毛燕军和杭州市气象台副台长杨军。两位专家都表示，“北方的霾危害性比南方的霾要小”，没听过这样的说法。

　　霾和雾的区别主要从相对湿度上来判断的。一般相对湿度小于80%时的大气混浊、视野模糊导致的能见度恶化是霾造成的，所以霾确实存在不同相对湿度的情况。

　　“一般来说，南方空气相对湿度大，但是即使是南方，一天之内的湿度也是在变化的，早晚湿度高一点，中午的时候低一些。”省气候中心高级工程师毛燕军说，比如昨天杭州也出现了霾，下午2点的时候空气相对湿度只有41%，一直到晚上8点，相对湿度只有50%多，哪怕放在北方也算是比较干燥了。所以南方雾霾不一定都比北方雾霾湿度大。

　　不靠谱理由二：干霾的危害可能更高

　　是不是干燥的时候雾霾更轻，对人体有害的污染物更容易飘在高空中呢？

　　省气候中心高工毛燕军和杭州市气象台副台长杨军两位专家，对这样的说法也不认同。

　　如果这个说法成立的话，可以引申出当空气干燥，相对湿度比较小时，各个监测点的PM2.5应该下降才对，因为监测点都是建在靠近地面的地方。

　　但根据昨天杭州的PM2.5浓度变化曲线，从昨天凌晨开始到昨天下午4点，一整天的PM2.5浓度几乎都在240微克/立方米以下，比较平稳，哪怕是在昨天凌晨相对湿度达到90%的时候，也没有出现明显增长。随后随着冷空气南下，北方污染物扩散下来，PM2.5曲线才出现了爬升，跟相对湿度的变化根本不是同一个节奏。所以空气越干，雾霾越轻，污染物都飘往高空去了，这个说法不靠谱。

　　如果说北方的霾比较轻，污染物飘得比较高，那么测出的PM2.5浓度也应该比较低才对，但是事实上，每次大范围雾霾袭来的时候，基本上北方的PM2.5浓度要大大超过南方，爆表频率也是大大超过南方城市。所以“北方的霾包含的PM2.5等污染物比较少”这种说法，让那些爆过的表们情何以堪啊。

　　相反，空气越干的时候，霾的危害性反而可能会越大。今年，《中国气象报》曾经报道过，粒径在10微米以上的颗粒物，会被挡在人的鼻子外面；粒径在2.5微米至10微米之间的颗粒物，能够进入上呼吸道，对人体健康危害相对较小；而粒径在2.5微米以下的细颗粒物(即PM2.5)，能够直接进入肺泡并被巨噬细胞吞噬，可以永远停留在肺泡里，不仅仅对呼吸系统，对心血管、对神经系统等都会有影响。由于雾中的水滴粒子直径通常在几十微米，和粒径在2.5微米的PM2.5相比，不易直接进入肺部。

　　所以干燥的霾危险性一点也不小！

　　不靠谱理由三：PM2.5不分南北干湿

　　中山大学博士生导师、广东著名灰霾专家吴兑表示，从实验模型来讲，湿度在80%以下时，属于干霾，湿度在80%~95%之间，属于湿霾，95%以上则属于雾和轻雾。所以干霾和湿霾，并不是以北方和南方来区分，并不是说南方的霾只有湿霾，而没有干霾。

　　吴兑说，构成霾主要成分的PM2.5本身，并没有南北干湿的属性之分。对人体伤害程度的大小，是由PM2.5的不同成分决定的。

　　所以，从这一点上说，说南方的霾对人体伤害更大，也是牵强的。

　　浙江省环科院的工程师吴建表示，浙江的PM2.5浓度肯定要比京津冀地区轻一点。

　　他也表达了和吴兑相同的意见。在他看来，南方北方的PM2.5本身没有区别，形成是一样的，粒径小于2.5微米的颗粒物就是PM2.5，只是来源有所区别。“北方有供暖、重化工业，污染物的排放量要远远大于浙江本地排放，构成上来讲，北方的燃煤消耗的污染物排放要多一些。”

　　《杭州市大气灰霾成因及关键污染因子预防控制研究》中写道，专家们得出的结论是，机动车尾气、燃煤、扬尘和其他，是杭州PM2.5的主要来源。大致的比例是这样，机动车尾气占39.5%，燃煤占33%，扬尘占8%，其他则占19%。

　　不过吴建表示：“浙江在灰霾方面的相关研究做得比较少，相对薄弱一些，过几年等数据有一定的积累，再来进行分析会更加精确。”

　　不靠谱理由四：没有医学数据支撑

　　来自呼吸科医生的说法是：传南方的霾对人体伤害更大，从医学上来说，没有直接数据支撑。

　　杭州市第三人民医院呼吸内科主任黄美健认为：“南北方不同气候形成的雾霾，对人体的伤害其实是一样的。一个城市的空气质量才是关键，北方AQI高达999的霾，难道会比杭州200的危害小？” 　市一呼吸科主任王利民也表示，没有数据支撑，无从考究。这个季节，正是呼吸道感染病人最多的时候，跟忽冷忽热的天气有关。

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