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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/2 8:47:31 The Ministry of environmental protection， Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing haze causes disagreements
Zhang Ke
"To be honest, CAs how do results come out, we don't know. We don't know exactly what the source of the haze. "For the Chinese Academy of Sciences conclusions about Beijing haze contribute 6 sources, Zhu Jianping, Deputy Director of the monitoring Department of environmental protection recently told the newspaper reporters in response.
"Haze of source apportionment, monitoring that require more than one year time, gets a lot of monitoring information sources to do a lot of analysis, also a degree of research model. Selected monitoring sites are also very important. "Zhu Jianping said.
December 30, 2013, CAs atmospheric physical Institute researcher Zhang renjian topics group external announced, on Beijing area PM2.5 chemical composed and the source resolved season changes research found, Beijing PM2.5 has 6 a important sources, respectively is soil dust, and coal-fired, and bio mass burning, and car exhaust and garbage burning, and industrial pollution and II times inorganic aerosol, these source of average contribution respectively for 15%, and 18%, and 12%, and 4%, and 25% and 26%.
Is of concern, the study indicated that Beijing is "car exhaust and waste incineration" haze gives an average of 4%, with many research institutes differ widely in their conclusions.
National motor vehicle pollution control Yan Ziqing, Vice Director of the Professional Committee after he said in an interview with this reporter, the main factor currently affecting air quality in Beijing is vehicle exhaust emissions. She said: "under the United States, and Japan and other countries experience in air pollution, as well as the country's clean air action plan, largely controlling motor vehicle emissions, with a focus on cuts in vehicle pollution. ”
Environmental sciences researcher Han Yingjian, China also believes that vehicle is the major pollution source of the big city. At present, the emission has become the major source of air pollution in China, is an important factor contributing to haze and photochemical smog pollution. Frequently occurred in some parts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution problems are closely related to vehicle exhaust emissions.
Zhang renjian, who studies have shown that if coal, industrial pollution and secondary inorganic aerosol combination of three sources, fossil fuel combustion emissions becoming major sources of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing.
Zhang renjian research group has been introduced, researchers for the 2009 ~2010 annual gathering in Beijing urban area in different seasons of 121 on Teflon and quartz membrane PM2.5 samples for analysis, Beijing, four seasons acquired the PM2.5 mass concentration, 29 types of elements, and 8 9 ion total organic carbon inorganic materials such as carbon, explores different seasons affect Beijing's main contribution to PM2.5 sources.
"Sources need to choose the appropriate level for a long period of observation and monitoring, there is generally a complete year of the observation period. "Zhu Jianping said that only knowing a primary factor in fog and haze can be targeted," at present, only subjectively think possible factors and all aspects of control. ”
In the Department of environmental protection recently held the clean air research program started at the meeting, Vice Minister of environmental protection Wu Xiaoqing admits, "base unclear, unclear mechanisms, inadequate technology" is one of the bottlenecks restricting China's air pollution prevention and control work.
Air pollution prevention and control plan of action issued by the State Council specifically requested to "strengthen the formation of haze, ozone, source analysis, migration patterns and monitoring and early warning studies, provide scientific support for pollution treatment. ”
Zhu Jianping told reporters that the study on sources of haze by the Ministry of environmental protection attaches considerable importance to, and specifically called for the end of June 2014, Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, to give preliminary results of source apportionment. By the end of 2014, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province, source apportionment of preliminary work to be performed.
章轲
“老实说，中科院结果是怎么出来的，我们并不清楚。我们也说不清楚雾霾的产生到底有哪些贡献源。”针对中科院有关北京雾霾6大贡献源的结论，环境保护部监测司副司长朱建平日前对《第一财经日报》记者如是回应。
“做雾霾的源解析，需要一年以上时间的监测，获取大量的监测信息，要做大量的源分析，还要有一定的研究模型。选哪些监测点也非常重要。”朱建平说。
2013年12月30日，中科院大气物理研究所研究员张仁健课题组对外公布，对北京地区PM2.5化学组成及源解析季节变化研究发现，北京PM2.5有6个重要来源，分别是土壤尘、燃煤、生物质燃烧、汽车尾气与垃圾焚烧、工业污染和二次无机气溶胶，这些源的平均贡献分别为15%、18%、12%、4%、25%和26%。
值得关注的是，研究认为，北京“汽车尾气与垃圾焚烧”对雾霾的平均贡献只有4%，这与此前多家研究机构的结论大相径庭。
国家机动车污染防治专业委员会副主任颜梓清此前在接受本报记者采访时表示，目前影响北京空气质量最主要的因素是机动车尾气排放。她说：“根据美国、日本等国治理空气污染的经验，以及这些国家的清洁空气行动计划，主要是控制机动车排放总量，重点是削减在用机动车污染量。”
中国环境科学院研究员韩应健也认为，机动车是大城市的主要污染源。目前，尾气排放已成为我国大气污染的主要来源，是造成灰霾、光化学烟雾污染的重要原因。一些地区频繁发生细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染问题，与机动车尾气排放密切相关。
张仁健等人的研究显示，如果将燃煤、工业污染和二次无机气溶胶三个来源合并起来，化石燃料燃烧排放成为北京PM2.5污染的主要来源。
据张仁健所在的课题组介绍，科研人员对2009年~2010年不同季节在北京城区采集的121对特氟龙和石英膜PM2.5样品进行分析，获取了北京四个季节PM2.5的质量浓度、29种元素、9种离子和8个组分有机碳无机碳等资料，探讨了不同季节影响北京PM2.5的主要贡献源。
“源解析需要选择合适的点位进行长期的观测和监测，一般是要有一年完整的观察期。”朱建平说，只有摸清产生雾霾的主要因素才能有的放矢，“而目前，只是主观地认为可能有哪些因素，各个方面都在控制。”
在环保部日前召开的《清洁空气研究计划》启动会上，环保部副部长吴晓青也承认，“底数不清、机理不明、技术不足”是制约我国大气污染防治工作的瓶颈之一。
国务院颁布的《大气污染防治行动计划》明确要求，“加强灰霾、臭氧的形成机理、来源解析、迁移规律和监测预警等研究，为污染治理提供科学支撑。”
朱建平告诉记者，环保部对雾霾来源的研究相当重视，明确要求2014年6月底前，北京、天津、石家庄要给出源解析的初步结果。2014年底前，京津冀、长三角、珠三角要完成源解析的初步工作。
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