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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/2 8:48:03 Wu Jianmin said China diplomatic composure against the weak state of mind
We came to the center stage of the world, like an actor stood center stage, everyone is looking at you, always commenting on you, your hair is a little problem, what's wrong with walking, the Chinese will be unbiased, from weak mentality to the changing attitude of the great powers. Criticism by blood boil too much excitement, not emboldened lack of self-confidence.
New year has come in the past year, China's diplomacy has made great achievements, and also encountered new challenges. In 2013 the overall situation of China's diplomacy, a highly publicized National Security Committee will also affect China's foreign policy, with these questions, South reporter recently interviewed national innovation and strategic development research association Deputy President, former spokesman of the National Committee, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the former former Ambassador Wu Jianmin, Chinese law, see how the veteran diplomat evaluation in 2013, China's diplomacy.
In 2013, China's diplomacy has three outstanding characteristics
Narada: what do you think about 2013, China's diplomatic situation?
Wu: in 2013, China's new leadership took office, opened new diplomatic situation. I think the overall situation of China's diplomacy, has three outstanding characteristics.
First is the all-round China around in great power diplomacy, diplomacy, diplomacy and multilateral diplomacy to developing countries have been very bright results.
Second is to adhere to peaceful development. Peaceful development is China's prosperity, the only way to modernize. Today's world situation, China can only choose this path, this path of successive leaders, including Deng Xiaoping, is determined to insist on.
Third is to attach peripheral diplomacy. Was convened in October 2013, around the diplomatic conference for the first time since the founding of new China, XI Jinping made an important speech at the meeting, the President, seven members of the Politburo were all, the specification is high, underscoring the Central Government's emphasis on diplomacy around.
New high standard around the diplomatic Conference
Narada: you just mentioned around the diplomatic Conference, and why such a high spec meetings?
NG: I think there are two main reasons. First is our closer relations with neighboring countries. In recent years, economic and trade relations with neighboring countries, bilateral cooperation greatly strengthened. In 2012, China's US $ 1.2 trillion in trade with neighboring countries than China and the United States, the sum of the trade in Europe. Increase of common interest so that we must pay attention to peripheral diplomacy.
Secondly, we encountered in interactions with neighboring countries in trouble, including the territorial dispute, must respond. I think the trouble appears is not accidental. On one hand, the rapid rise of China will naturally cause some concerns of neighboring countries, especially the relatively weak State. In addition, the United States strategy to return to Asia and neighboring countries with a variety of ideas and wants to establish a balance between the powers, gets more money. Thus, emergence of new issues, it also makes it necessary to convene a high-level diplomatic conference around.
National Security Authority will naturally involve decisions in coordination
South: National Security Council, was also made in 2013, a new thing, the establishment of this institution at the diplomatic level are taken into account?
Wu: in fact, some persons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs calls for the establishment of the National Security Council a dozen years ago. Diplomacy involves many sectors, a lot of interests, can not only coordinates, requires an integrated and coordinated. Sometimes the left hand to do something, the right hand are not necessarily evident. Second, from the perspective of domestic and foreign situation, two cases are connected, set up a coordination of national security authority in favour of dealing with internal affairs, be the solid backing of diplomatic work.
Narada: If national security Committee as the coordinating body, which has decision-making powers?
Wu: in the coordination process will naturally relate to specific decisions, I think that this body should have the decision properties. At the same time, because it is the central authorities to establish a National Security Committee, whose leaders level should be high, this will increase the importance of the institution.
The change from the weak state of mind to great power mentality
South: 2013 Chinese diplomacy has taken some tough measures, so that some question whether China has given up the road of peaceful development, China's diplomacy will stick to bide your time, please?
Wu: will, but also the long-term adherence. China as a rapidly developing country, will encounter many dangers, smooth sailing is not possible. Stick to bide our time, can make us less resistance in practice. The Diaoyu Island issue you mentioned are Japan try to nationalize, we just take active measures to counter. And cannot say these measures shows that China has abandoned to bide our time, cannot come to this conclusion.
Narada: you just said stick to bide our time, the rise of China will go the way of the smooth, then how do you think voice of opposition to adhere to this policy?
Wu: is this sound, I think it was the weak mind kicking in. Weaker up first is always considered weak mentality, for fear of being looked down upon and eager to express themselves at the same time, domestic issues, refrain from deliberately secretive third criticism is not a correct view of the outside world.
South: we note also called on China to take stronger measures to protect national interests, including military means. The degree to which this voice will affect foreign policy?
Wu: first of all, any country's foreign policy should be taken into account public opinions, which is popular all over the world.
Secondly, we must be clear about what is in the best interest of China, greater benefits, had solved the other issue. Deng Xiao-ping's development is the hard truth-speaking, I certainly agree with. Maintain the momentum of development, is the biggest benefit. Some people do not understand the basic interests of the State, only to see one aspect as a personal expression of an opinion, we do not have to go with him. Only time will tell what is in our fundamental interest, what people really need.
Theoretically speaking, you should see the long-term fundamental interests of the State, to decide the country's policy. But after a misjudged the situation, in order to cater to a certain mood, take a number of measures, it is a short-term, performance. This phenomenon is not uncommon in the world.
XI's "viewpoint" very targeted
Narada: you were talking about, and to development needs to have an open mind, lots going out of China in recent years, but there is also the negative voices, such as in Africa, "neo-colonialism", what do you think this sound?
Wu: we should first reflect on the voices of reason. In the late 60 's, we help construction of the Tazara in Tanzania, Zambia, spent more than 1.500 million pounds, which is equivalent to one-third of China's foreign exchange reserves at that time. While I'm at the United Nations, representatives of African countries said to me, in China to help them really, is for the development of Africa. In the circumstances of the cold war, China occupied the moral high ground, in winning the hearts of the world, so much so that our African brothers to lift us into the United Nations.
Now there are some problems, I think there is a malicious provocation of Western public opinion, nor have we done something wrong. President XI Jinping, said this year's "viewpoint", it is targeted, sometimes in order to seize the moral high ground must be relic.
South: to the external development, chances are, and in the interests of other States in conflict, how to balance this?
Wu: development is not only China's interests, must also insist on a win-win situation because the only win-win is the most durable.
Now, in some cases in cooperation with foreign, many only see short-term interests, ignoring the long term cooperation. For example, some company executives and officials to complete achievements during his term of Office, rush forward cooperative projects, cause a lot of problems, affecting both the image of China, was also hurt in the long-term interest of our country.
The voice of reason is China's current needs
South: some critical voices to you on the Web, how?
Wu: because China is a third "freewheeling" when there are all kinds of sounds, is inevitable. I felt very calm, since the criteria for judging right and wrong is true, you do what is good for China, was also hurt, tell. Chinese people to the world, thanks to your action, resistance increases by reducing, it is very clear to everybody. So, I never talk to them for debate, let the truth to judge. And I'm sure lots of people listening to my speech, saying, the voice of reason is China's current needs.
South reporter Chen Lei reporter Nadia intern trainees from Gao Xiaolei yankun in Beijing
我们来到世界舞台中心，就像一个演员站在舞台中心，大家都看着你，总会对你评头论足，你的头发有点什么问题，走路有什么问题，中国人要平常心，实现从弱国心态到大国心态的转变。面对批评火冒三丈过分激动，是没有底气缺乏自信的表现。
新的一年已经来临，在过去一年中，中国外交取得了不俗的成绩，也遇到了全新的挑战。2013年中国外交总体形势如何、备受瞩目的国家安全委员会又会对中国外交带来哪些影响，带着这些问题，南都记者近日专访了国家创新与战略发展研究会常务副主席、全国政协原发言人、外交部原发言人、中国驻法前大使吴建民，看看这位资深外交官如何评价2013年中国外交。
2013年中国外交有三个突出特点
南都：你怎么看2013年中国外交的形势？
吴建民：2013年中国新一届领导人上台后，我国外交打开了新局面。我认为中国外交总的形势，有三个突出特点。
第一是全方位，中国在大国外交、周边外交、对发展中国家外交和多边外交都取得了很亮眼的成绩。
第二是坚持和平发展。和平发展是中国走向繁荣，实现现代化的唯一道路。今天的世界形势决定了中国只能选择这条道路，这条道路是包括邓小平在内的历届领导人确定下来的，必须坚持。
第三是重视周边外交。2013年10月中央召开了新中国成立以来的首次周边外交工作会议，习近平主席在会上作了重要讲话，七名政治局常委也都全部参加，规格很高，凸显了中央对周边外交工作的重视。
新问题促使高规格周边外交会议召开
南都：你刚提到周边外交工作会议，为什么会召开如此高规格的会议？
吴建民：我认为主要有两个原因。第一是我们同周边国家的关系更密切。近年来，我们同周边国家的经贸关系、双边合作大大强化。2012年，中国同周边国家的贸易额达到1.2万亿美元，超过了中国同美国、欧洲贸易额的总和。共同利益的增加使我们必须重视周边外交。
第二是我们同周边国家在交往中遇到了包括领土争端在内的一些麻烦，必须积极应对。我认为，麻烦的出现并不是偶然的。一方面，中国的快速崛起，自然会引起周边国家的一些担心，尤其是实力相对弱小的国家。另外，美国重返亚洲的战略，让周边国家产生了各种想法，总想在大国之间建立某种平衡，获取更多利益。因此，新问题的出现，也使得我们有必要召开高规格的周边外交会议。
国安委在协调时自然会涉及决策
南都：国家安全委员会也是2013年提出的一个新事物，设立这一机构在外交层面有哪些考虑？
吴建民：事实上，外交部的一些人士十几年前就呼吁成立国家安全委员会。外交涉及到很多部门，很多利益，只是外交部协调不了，需要统筹协调。有的时候左手做什么事，右手不一定很清楚。其次，从国内国外两个大局看，两者的情况是相通的，成立国安委有利于协调处理好对内事务，成为外交工作坚实的后盾。
南都：如果国安委作为协调机构，它有决策权吗？
吴建民：在协调的过程中，自然会涉及到具体决策，我认为这个机构应该有决策的属性。同时，由于是中央提出设立国安委，其领导人级别应该很高，这也会提升该机构的重要性。
实现从弱国心态到大国心态的转变
南都：2013年外交上中国采取了一些强硬措施，因此有人质疑中国已经放弃和平发展的路线，中国外交还会坚持韬光养晦吗？
吴建民：会，而且还应该长期坚持。中国作为一个正在快速发展的大国，会遇到很多艰难险阻，一帆风顺是不可能的。坚持韬光养晦，可以使我们在实践中减少一些阻力。你刚才提到的钓鱼岛问题，是日本企图把它国有化，我们只是积极采取了措施进行反制。并不能说这些措施就表明中国抛弃了韬光养晦，不能得出这个结论。
南都：你刚说坚持韬光养晦，我国的崛起之路会走得更平坦一些，那你如何看待反对坚持这一政策的声音？
吴建民：之所以会有这种声音，我认为是弱国心态在作怪。弱国心态表现首先就是始终认为国家比较弱小，怕被别人瞧不起，进而急于表现自己；同时，对于国内存在的问题，掩耳盗铃，故意遮遮掩掩；第三是不能正确看待外界的批评。
南都：我们注意到也有人呼吁中国采取包括军事手段在内的更强力措施维护国家利益。这种声音会在多大程度上影响外交决策？
吴建民：首先，任何国家的外交政策制定都要考虑民意，这是全世界的普遍情况。
其次，我们必须明确中国的最大利益是什么，大利益定了，其他问题就好解决了。邓小平讲发展是硬道理，我十分赞同。保持发展的势头，就是最大的利益。至于有些人不了解国家根本利益，只看到一个方面，作为个人表示一种意见，我们不一定要跟他走。时间会证明什么是我们的根本利益，什么才是老百姓真正需要的。
照理讲，应当看到国家的长远利益、根本利益，来决定国家的方针。但是错估一些形势之后，为了迎合某种情绪，采取一些措施，这就是一种短视的表现。这种现象，世界上屡见不鲜。
习近平提出的“义利观”很有针对性
南都：你刚才说到，要发展需要有开放的心态，近年中国有很多走出去的动作，但同时也存在负面的声音，比如在非洲的“新殖民主义”，你对这个声音怎么看？
吴建民：我们应该首先反思这种声音出现的原因。在上世纪60年代，我们帮助坦桑尼亚、赞比亚修建了坦赞铁路，花了1 .5亿英镑，这相当于中国当时外汇储备的三分之一。我在联合国期间，非洲国家代表就对我表示，中国帮助他们是真心的，是为了非洲的发展。在冷战情况下，中国这些行动占领了道义制高点，在世界上赢得了人心，以至于非洲兄弟把我们抬进联合国。
现在出现了一些问题，我认为有些是西方舆论的恶意挑拨，也有我们做得不好的地方。习近平主席今年讲的“义利观”，就很有针对性，有的时候为了占领道义的制高点，必须舍利保义。
南都：要对外发展，很有可能和他国在利益上产生冲突，这又如何去平衡？
吴建民：发展并不是只讲中国的利益，还必须坚持共赢，因为只有共赢才是最持久的。
现在的一些对外合作案例中，很多只看到短期利益，忽视了长期合作。比如一些公司老总和官员，为了在任内完成政绩，仓促推进合作项目，导致出现很多问题，既影响中国形象，对我国长远利益也是伤害。
理性的声音是中国当前需要的
南都：在网上有一些对你批评的声音，怎么看待？
吴建民：因为中国处在一个第三次“百家争鸣”时候，有各种各样的声音，是必然的。我的心里很坦然，因为判断正确与谬误的标准是事实，你这样做到底对中国有好处，还是有坏处，事实判断出来。中国人走向世界，由于你这个行动，阻力增大了减少了，大家是看得很清楚的。所以，我从来不跟他们去辩论，让事实去判断。而且我相信不少的人听了我的言论，会说，这个比较理性的声音是中国当前需要的。
南都见习记者陈磊 记者娜迪娅 实习生 高晓蕾 闫坤 发自北京
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