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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/6 10:22:16 Snow Dragon today and tomorrow come out opportunity， still faces three major uncertainties
Australia 5th maritime security agency said in a statement, the Bureau has asked the United States Coast Guard "Polaris" ice-breaker to Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, assisted in the rescue were Sino-Russian expedition ship trapped in the ice. According to another report, from 6th to 8th, China's "Snow Dragon" sea will usher in the West wind, is expected to create conditions for the breakout, breakthrough programme currently has been refined into three routes.
The United States, "Polaris", Ltd to South Pole support
It is reported that "the Polar Star" in early December last year, is already en route to Antarctica, is currently docked in Sydney Harbor. Australian Maritime Authority said in a statement that "Polaris", Australian maritime authority request has been accepted, will set off from Sydney on 5th, waters to go down. Australian Maritime Authority expects, depending on the weather and ice conditions, "Polaris", will be issued within 7 days of arriving in trouble waters, assisted in the rescue.
"North Star" is a United States Coast Guard, the only ship heavy icebreakers. "Polaris" original mandate was visiting the Antarctic McMurdo Bay, forming a transport route and ease of supply ships for the United States National Science Foundation research station delivered food, fuel, etc. Australian Maritime Authority said the "Polaris" during the rescue work after the reinstatement of the execution of scheduled tasks.
United States Coast Guard Pacific area commander baoluo·zukunfute said: "the safety of life at sea is our highest mission, and that is why we are assisting the cause of trapped Russian ships in open channel. The Earth's most remote places, the natural environment of the most brutal, we are ready to lend a helping hand. ”
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"Polaris" world best ice-breakers
United States "Polaris" ice-breaker, is the ice-breaking the most powerful icebreaker in the world. Continuous breaking it at 3 knots speed 1.8-metre thick ice, if you use the "reverse a collision" approach may break 6-metre-thick ice. "Snow Dragon" icebreaker is 167 meters long and 22.6 meters wide, at 1.5 knots cruising speed: continuously broke through 1.1 meters thick ice. Prior to this, with the "Snow Dragon", participate in rescue Australia "aurora australis" ice-breaking capability, stronger than the "Snow Dragon", when speed is 1 to 2 knots, which approximately 1.6 m thick ice-breaking.
Focusing on the "Snow Dragon"
"Snow Dragon" today and tomorrow, or borrow westerly breakout
Qu Tanzhou, Director of the State Oceanic Administration of China polar Office 5th describes, in accordance with the relevant departments in consultation with, from 6th to 8th, the "Snow Dragon", the area once weather and sea ice processes, is expected to "Snow Dragon" break through open Windows. If self-help fails to succeed, "Snow Dragon", will provide the United States "Polaris", for help.
Weather forecasts show the night of 6th to 7th, the "Snow Dragon" located westerly of the sea appears is overdue, is expected to give the "Snow Dragon" brings out favourable weather conditions.
CCTV quoted China's State Oceanic Administration news, "Snow Dragon" to break through the programme was refined in three routes, namely, bows to the left, and right. To in the of line is "Snow Dragon", to Shi of road; left line is most far of a article road, that around a big circle Hou arrived water district, because this article road ice at least, relative comparison security; to right of line needs "Snow Dragon", first to North, again to South reentrant, then to to water district, such do is to bypass big iceberg. This line sounds complicated, but the fact is the nearest.
Ability to out depends on wind strength
"Snow Dragon" can break Ice Breakout, get out of the trouble? Analysts, in fact, faces three big uncertainties.
First, the strength of westerly and duration can blow away the thick ice floes? At present, the water district in the "Snow Dragon", on the starboard side, starboard retreated the most sincere, not sure West wind to "Snow Dragon" out, clear a passageway. Pack ice up to 3 to 4 metres thick, and the "Snow Dragon", only 1.1 metre ice-breaking capability, currently loads, insufficient draught over the ship, breaking the ice on the propeller and rudder damage greatly.
Secondly, the West wind "Snow Dragon", the impact of icebergs around? At present, the "Snow Dragon" was bow wows a small iceberg, like a sword over their heads, "the sword of Damocles" threatening "Snow Dragon", security.
Third, bringing westerly winds and high pressure weather systems impact on the sea? Ship in these waters is the first in China, has recently suffered some called "exotic" phenomena of nature, we still can't explain. Why, for example, overnight "Snow Dragon" was sudden accumulation of thick pack ice over 0.86 miles, and starboard side appears a large iceberg drift? Why back right a large iceberg is like not moving?
Part scientific expedition on board the project as usual
In the "Snow Dragon", actively seeking out at the same time, part scientific expedition on board the project is being conducted as usual.
5th, as usual, Gao jinyao researcher from the bow from the second Institute of Oceanography, SOA platform lab came to the stern of the ship wind instrument. There, he installed a numerical size and direction of the magnetic field can be measured by "three-component magnetometer." Every day, he goes to check the instrument operation and recorded data.
As the "Snow Dragon", sea area and the South magnetic pole, not far from where, day after day, "three-component magnetometer" near the South Pole, intensively for observation for a long time, collecting a large number of observations, for Gao jinyao, it is a "bonus".
In the "Snow Dragon", research management platform, laboratory assistant xiaoyongqi, as always, assist in ocean research teams use various types of equipment, losing no time to gather the waters of the ocean physics, chemistry, ice floes and other kinds of data.
Links
My polar research vessel is expected to add "boot"
According to the polar expedition Office of State Oceanic Administration of China said, the country has approved a plan to build a new generation of polar expedition icebreakers, establishing "joint design, home building" principles, at present, the approval of the project is to conduct a feasibility study, preliminary design and detailed design is also underway.
Polar exploration of Qu Tanzhou, Director of the Office of State Oceanic Administration said the "Snow Dragon", compared to a new generation of polar expedition icebreakers have a very distinct advantage.
In terms of ice-breaking capability, new ships are not only capable of processing 1.5 m thick layer of ice floating + 30 cm of snow and year-round jobs in the seawater mixed with ice at the Poles, sea ice breaking capabilities further enhance.
In terms of mobility, reduce the length of the new vessel, not only the bow breaking ice, Stern can make ice. In the event of a complicated ice conditions, new ships do not have to turn back forward or backward can be ice, greatly increased the mobility and safety of hull.
In terms of operational stability, new ship Pirouette both at low steaming conditions, can also meet the ice-free waters under the conditions of dynamic positioning, stability is better of course.
In power systems, deck area, experimental space research vessel elements, new ships have reached the standard of superior design, survey equipment modernization level significantly increased, and investigative capacity will far exceed the existing polar expedition ship.
According to the Xinhua News Agency, China News Network
CCTV of the Oriental horizon central-canton
(Original title: United States-Russian expedition in the icebreaker aid ship)
澳大利亚海事安全局5日发表声明说，该局已要求美国海岸警卫队“北极星”号破冰船前往南极联邦湾，协助救援遭浮冰围困的中俄科考船。另据报道，6日至8日，中国“雪龙”号所在海域将迎来西风，有望为突围创造条件，目前突围方案已经细化成三条路线。
美“北极星”号赴南极支援
据悉，“北极星”号去年12月初已在前往南极途中，目前正停靠在悉尼港口。澳海事局声明说，“北极星”号已接受澳海事局请求，将于5日从悉尼出发，前往出事海域。澳海事局预计，根据天气和冰面情况，“北极星”号将在7天内抵达出事海域，协助救援。
“北极星号”是美国海岸警卫队唯一一艘重型破冰船。“北极星”号前往南极的原定任务是在麦克默多湾开辟出一条运输通道，便于补给船为美国国家科学基金会科学研究站运送食物、燃料等。澳海事局表示，“北极星”号将在本次营救工作结束后，恢复执行原定任务。
美国海岸警卫队太平洋区司令保罗·祖昆福特说：“海上生命安全是我们的最高任务，这就是为什么我们正协助为被困中俄船只开辟航道的原因。在这个地球上最遥远、自然环境最残酷的地方，我们随时准备施以援手。”
>>背景
“北极星”系世界最强破冰船
美国“北极星”号破冰船是目前世界上破冰能力最强的破冰船。它能以3节航速连续破1.8米的厚冰，如果用“倒车冲撞”法，可破6米厚的冰。我国的“雪龙”号破冰船总长167米，型宽22.6米，能以1.5节航速连续冲破1.1米厚的冰层。此前，与“雪龙”号共同参与救援的澳大利亚“南极光”号破冰能力要强于我国的“雪龙”号，当航速在1到2节时，它可以破大约1.6米厚的冰。
■聚焦“雪龙”号
“雪龙”今明或借西风突围
中国国家海洋局极地办主任曲探宙5日介绍，根据有关部门会商，6日至8日，“雪龙”号所处地区会有一次天气和海冰的变化过程，有望为“雪龙”号突围打开窗口。如果自救未能成功，“雪龙”号将向美国“北极星”号求助。
气象预报也显示，6日晚至7日凌晨，“雪龙”号所在海域将会出现期盼已久的西风，有望给“雪龙”号脱困带来有利的气象条件。
据央视援引中国国家海洋局消息，“雪龙”号突围的方案已经细化成三条路线，即船头向左、向中和向右。向中的线路就是“雪龙”号来时的路；向左线路是最远的一条路，即绕一个大圈后到达清水区，因为这条路浮冰最少，相对比较安全；往右的线路需要“雪龙”号先往北，再往南折返，然后去往清水区，这样做是为了绕过大冰山。这条线路听起来复杂，但事实上是距离最近的。
能否脱困取决于西风强度
“雪龙”号能否一举破冰突围、摆脱困境？分析人士称，事实上面临三大不确定性。
首先，西风的强劲程度和持续时间能否吹散厚重的浮冰？目前，清水区在“雪龙”号的右舷方向，但右舷的浮冰最为厚重，不确定西风能否给“雪龙”号脱困清理出一条通道。浮冰厚达3至4米，而“雪龙”号只有1.1米的破冰能力，目前船上空载、吃水不够，持续破冰对螺旋桨和舵损伤很大。
其次，西风对“雪龙”号周围的冰山有何影响？目前，“雪龙”号船头横亘的一座小冰山，如同一把悬在头顶的“达摩克利斯之剑”，时刻威胁着“雪龙”号的安全。
第三，带来西风的高压天气系统对这片海域有何影响？我国船舶是第一次航行在这片海域，对近来遭遇的一些堪称“奇异”的自然现象，大家还无法解释。例如，为什么一夜之间“雪龙”号被突然堆积的厚重浮冰推移了0.86海里，而且右舷出现一座漂移的大冰山？为什么右后方的一座大冰山又好像不动了？
船上部分科考项目照常进行
在“雪龙”号积极设法摆脱困境的同时，船上部分科学考察项目正在照常进行。
5日，像往日一样，来自国家海洋局第二海洋研究所的高金耀研究员从船头实验室来到船艉部的风廓仪平台。在那里，他安装了一种可以测量地磁场数值大小和指示方向的“三分量地磁仪”。每天，他都去检查仪器运转情况和记录的数据。
由于“雪龙”号所在海域与南磁极相距不远，连日来，“三分量地磁仪”得以在南磁极附近长时间、密集地进行观测，收集了大量观测数据，对高金耀来说这是一个“意外收获”。
在“雪龙”号科研管理平台，实验员肖永琦也一如既往，协助大洋队的科考队员们利用各类仪器，抓紧时间采集这一海域的海洋物理、化学、浮冰等各类数据。
■链接
我极地科考船有望添“新兵”
据中国国家海洋局极地考察办公室透露，我国已批准了建造新一代极地考察破冰船的计划，确定了“中外联合设计、国内建造”的基本原则，目前该项目正在进行可行性研究报告的审批，初步设计和详细设计也已展开。
国家海洋局极地考察办公室主任曲探宙表示，与“雪龙”号相比，新一代极地考察破冰船具有非常明显的优势。
在破冰能力方面，新船不仅能够处理厚1.5米的冰层＋30厘米的浮雪，而且能在两极混有浮冰的海水中终年作业，对海冰的破行能力进一步增强。
在机动能力方面，新船长度缩短，不但船头可以破冰，船尾也可以进行破冰。这样，一旦遇到复杂冰情，新船无须调头，向前还是向后都可以进行破冰，大大增加了船体的机动性和安全性。
在操作稳定性方面，新船既能在低速航行状况下原地回转，也能在符合环境条件的无冰海域下实现动力定位，航向的稳定性更好。
在动力系统、甲板面积、实验面积等调查船要件方面，新船都达到了优越的设计水准，调查装备的现代化水平大幅提高，调查能力将远超现有的极地科考船。
本版据新华社中国日报网
央视《东方时空》央广
(原标题：美国破冰船驰援中俄科考船)
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