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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/8 8:55:36 Shangguan epitaphs revealed that undocumented stories
Correspondent provincial Archaeological Research Institute yesterday released shangguan's epitaph inscription on a total of 982 characters. Shangguan has only half the number of words, but was first revealed to the world when she and Wei drew to prevent euthanasia Princess, set up as a "King's too woman" willing to downgrade a second request to "Jieyu" drink the poisoned their lives on the line.
Bitter confrontation Wei drink wine after a prodigious
Preface nearly half the length of the epitaphs describe shangguan zhaorong grandfather generation official calendar, Yu Zhi describes experience is extremely brief. It is a habit out of epitaphs in Tang dynasty wrote, but the main thing is to write less shangguan for political reasons.
Shangguan "Tebito annual 13", in the first year of the Dragon (705) zhaorong. This calculated she was 42 years old. Provincial Archaeological Research Institute Associate Professor Li Ming told reporters that Tebito five pig, zhaorong was the second pig, are nvguan Palace, not necessarily the Emperor's spouses.
Epitaph for first title called guanwaner on the "Jieyu" (third grade) rather than "zhaorong". This tells us that history has not recorded history, guanwaner the second retreat on Jieyu, the "again". She is the mother because of Zheng's death for the first time, and ask for surrender-rank line, and soon returns to zhaorong.
Guanwaner on why does back a second time? Back to conceal part of Wei, Lok Princess Li "Huang is female". This history has not recorded the contents of paragraph, expressed so eloquently in the epitaph. In order to prevent this, guanwaner has taken revealed, on initiatives such as the back, you want to eat and finally forced to drink poison with death well. Tangzhongzongguang ask doctor, finally back shangguan to be hanging on by a thread.
So it seems that shangguan's political position clear. The historical records, after death, conspired with Princess Taiping, attempted to divert the Wei Hou. Epitaph attest that King, Princess Taiping to guanwaner and on belonging to the same faction, not Wei a party.
Worth pondering is, mentioned in the new book of Tang shangguan was discovered by Wu Zetian's 14 years old and started to and are reused, which is not mentioned in the epitaph, it is clear there is selective.
From guanwaner on the implication of Princess Taiping's tomb was destroyed
In 710, guanwaner on death, 47 years old. Death on shangguan zhaorong, epitaph is given on advance, soldiers under the front of her died in the coup. Guanwaner with his army on the coup that year killed by Li long JI.
June 20, shangguan died, on August 20, and was buried. The middle two months. Contrast also was killed during the coup of Wei Hou, Lok Princess, Palace of shangguan's finds are completely different, is positive.
Epitaph on shangguan zhaorong evaluation was: "Jieyu Yi Shu-endowed, wise God to help. Poetry for n, excerpt found its essence; hammer to Taiwan's booming, organized into its splendid. "A lot. Princess Wei Houhe euthanasia behead exhibition in the East market, dies in a ritual, demoted to commoners. Lok Princess buried in three ritual, relegated to the rebellious commoners.
Epitaph wrote: "breasts, grieving, present a gift to a bereaved family for 500 horses, sent to diaoji, the word permission to take precautions. "It refers to small breasts for shangguan's death is sad, and sent for a diaoji, a 500 silk. This is a not a small number, equivalent to $ 500,000 worth of purchasing power right now. Because at that time was Jui-tsung (Li long Ji's father) ordered their burial, small breasts is Jui-tsung's favorite sister. So experts conclude that small breasts lobbied brother, shangguan have built a simple Tomb. Subsequently, the breasts are not only funding shangguan zhaorong's funeral, also advocated for the latter compiled anthology of dead.
Just last guanwaner 712 died two years later, Li long JI ascended the throne, 713 years Li long JI giving breasts, breasts of shangguan's tomb was a unique relationship "official Tomb ruined." That are deceased article, reflects the political struggle in Tang dynasty's tragic and treacherous.
Grandfather of Henan's own people born Chang an epitaph in Gansu
Shangguan was where
Washington historical records on guanwaner was born in Chang an, whose father was born in Chang ' an. Grandfather Shangguan Yi was shanzhou shanxian County people. Shangguan's epitaph records, she is bang on the Longxi (now Tianshui, Gansu province). Which is more credible?
Provincial Archaeological Research Institute Associate Professor Li Ming told reporters that the epitaph on the origin of the ancients call themselves "hoax". Sometimes discover parent-child epitaphs, origin is different. This is because the origin of the family name, people are more likely to own person more robust one belonging to that "hoax".
Reporter was informed that Shangguan Yi of the first name and compiling a on Taiwanese County to the East, is today's shanxian, Henan. Keep count, shangguan's birthplace, that is, total membership in "Longxi States". Claiming to be "on the Longxi Gentiles" is not much. But by today's origin systems, shangguan was Chang ' an.
Reportedly, the shangguan's grave has not been filled, nearly hundreds of terra cotta tomb unearthed in the niches, are upright men and women figurines, horse figurines, animal figurines, common in the Tang dynasty funerary objects, each less than 20 cm high. Reproduction, higher levels of tools has been found.
Instead, the pattern is more beautiful on the epitaph. Reduced ground within four overall lianzhu grain box 12 Chinese zodiac signs, lined with Honeysuckle wrapped around. On lunar new year animals for animal images, vivid and realistic. Zhi and Zhi Shi Si gaisicha lines engraved on the side of, the pattern is sleek, carved the land of fine, carved decorative motifs are rare in the epitaph of the Tang dynasty line of superior work.
On guanwaner cemetery in xianyang
Last year, the provincial Archaeological Research Institute on the Western salt archaeological exploration of new land for construction of the project, found a seat with 5 patio tombs of the Tang dynasty. Epitaphs found in archaeological excavations, indicate the tomb is "Datang zhaorong shangguan's Ming", buried in first year of Tang Jingyun (710 years) in August.
Shangguan's tomb is small, but very high specifications. It 36.5-metre level, 10.1 meters deep. This tomb is a sloping ramps patios and small shrines of single-chamber brick tomb of coupons. It faces south, ramps, 5 have a patio, 5 hole, 4 niches, corridor and burial chamber, and other components. Epitaph is found in the narrow path, is not disturbed. "The specification of the Tang dynasty is the patio more higher specifications. "Heritage experts told reporters that zhaorong equivalent to two products, 5 patios will be highlighted with the identity.
Her brilliance on the greasy pole
Shangguan also known as shangguan zhaorong, and she was born in 664, died in July 710 years. She is the granddaughter of Emperor Gaozong of Tang-era Prime Minister Shangguan Yi. Shanzhou shanxian County people hail from the Tang dynasty (today the sanmenxia in Henan). She is nvguan and female poet of the Tang dynasty, Emperor Fei. She and Empress Wu, Zong Xiang always. By virtue of talent on the greasy pole.
Grandfather Shangguan Yi, because for the edict of Emperor Gaozong of Tang draft waste Wu Zetian, was killed by Wu Zetian. Then her mother Trinh blending into the inner court for a maid. Wu Zetian appreciated not only from the age of 14 slaves who also started taking Zhao lives in a Palace.
Letters patent, shangguan subsequently in charge of Palace for years, leaving a "woman Prime Minister" in name. At the time of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, zhaorong. She is in politics, literary prominence. To identity of the King's consort in charge of outer and inner court decree of the proclamation. She had recommended the expansion of school, an additional degree and evaluation of court poetry in the world.
710 in the power struggle, Li long JI launched Donlon coup d ' état with his army and killed Wei Hou and shangguan. Shangguan's poems were collected into the anthology 20 volumes, but has been lost. Handed down only 32 in the first gathering of the Tang dynasty.
She'd be audacious and
Statistics show that guanwaner and her boy-toy on Zhang Changzong in an affair, only to be Wu Zetian walked in. Wu Ze-Tian's rage and instantly choose a gold dagger, bun before chopping to shangguan, hurt and left frontal and glaring road, "thou shalt do dare to close I chaebols that offense when executed. "Meanwhile, Zhang Changzong begging for her, will not be forgiven. Guanwaner on amount due to injuries, they planted a red plum blossom at the SCAR to cover, with Tang's "Plum makeup".
To experts, after Wu Zetian to abdicate, shangguan and Emperor Zhongzong of Tang married Mr Alan Linning, Dahir and Palm in the drafting. Sheng Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi powers, shangguan and fornication. Until the year 710, Li long JI coup punish killed after Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Empress Wei, shangguan table loyalty can't be punish killed. In the new
(Original title: drink poisoned to death against Wei Hou Jian Tang begged doctors little Wan is rescued)
本报讯省考古研究院昨日公布了上官婉儿墓志铭，铭文共982字。虽然表述上官婉儿的字数只有一多半，但首次向世人披露她为和韦后划清界限，阻止安乐公主立为“皇太女”，不惜第二次请求降为“婕妤”，喝毒酒命悬一线。
激烈对抗韦后 喝毒酒差点丧命
墓志序文用近一半的篇幅叙述上官昭容祖父三代的历官，对于志主经历的描述极为简略。这是出于唐代墓志撰写的习惯，但最主要的是出于政治原因要少写上官婉儿。
上官婉儿“年十三为才人”，在神龙元年(705年)册为昭容。由此可推算出她当时已经42岁。省考古研究院副研究员李明告诉记者，才人是正五品，昭容是正二品，都是宫中女官，不一定是皇帝的配偶。
在墓志中首题称上官婉儿为“婕妤”(正三品)而非“昭容”。这道出了史书上未曾记载的历史，上官婉儿第二次请退为婕妤，“再三方许”。她第一次是因母郑氏卒而请降秩行服，不久又恢复为昭容。
上官婉儿为何第二次请退？当时韦后弄权，安乐公主争立“皇太女”。这段史料上未见记载的内容，在《墓志》中表述得却十分生动。为了阻止此事，上官婉儿先后采取揭发、请退、要削发为尼等举措，最后不得已喝毒药以死相谏。唐中宗广求名医，最后将命悬一线的上官婉儿救活。
如此看来，上官婉儿的政治立场明确无误。史书记载，中宗驾崩后，婉儿与太平公主合谋，试图牵制韦后。墓志印证了上官婉儿与相王、太平公主属于同一阵营，并非韦后一党。
值得玩味的是，《新唐书》中提到的上官婉儿十四岁被武则天发现和起用并受重用，这些内容在墓志中没有提到，显而易见是有其选择性。
受太平公主牵连 上官婉儿墓被毁
公元710年，上官婉儿去世，47岁。关于上官昭容的死因，墓志上给出了原委，她死于政变的兵锋之下。那一年上官婉儿被起兵发动政变的李隆基所杀。
6月20日上官婉儿死，8月20日即葬。中间有两个月时间。对比同样在这场政变中被杀的韦后、安乐公主，宫廷对上官婉儿的认定是完全不同的，是正面的。
墓志中对上官昭容的评价是：“婕妤懿淑天资，贤明神助。诗书为苑囿，捃拾得其菁华；翰墨为机杼，组织成其锦绣。”赞誉颇多。而韦后和安乐公主被枭首展于东市，收尸后以一品之礼，追贬为庶人。安乐公主葬以三品之礼，追贬为悖逆庶人。
墓志中写道：“太平公主哀伤，赙赠绢五百匹，遣使吊祭，词旨绸缪。”这是指太平公主对于上官婉儿的死很哀伤，并派人去吊祭，出了五百匹绢。这是一笔不小的数目，相当于现在50万元的购买力。因当时是唐睿宗(李隆基的父亲)下诏安葬，太平公主是唐睿宗最喜爱的妹妹。所以专家推断，太平公主游说哥哥，给上官婉儿简单修了个墓。随后，太平公主不但资助上官昭容的葬礼，还主张为已逝的后者编纂文集。
就在上官婉儿去世两年后的712年，李隆基登基，713年李隆基赐死太平公主，与太平公主关系甚密的上官婉儿之墓遭到“官方毁墓”。这种做已逝者文章的行为，折射出了唐代政治斗争的惨烈与诡谲。
祖父河南人 自己出生长安 墓志称甘肃人
上官婉儿到底是哪里人
本报讯史书记载上官婉儿生于长安，其父亲也生于长安。祖父上官仪则是陕州陕县人。但是上官婉儿的墓志记载，她是陇西上邦(今甘肃天水)人。到底哪个更可信呢？
省考古研究院副研究员李明告诉记者，古人墓志上的籍贯多为自称，“虚报”的多。有时候发掘出父子墓志，籍贯都不一样。这是因为姓氏有发源地，古人更愿意将自己归属为同姓较为旺盛的一脉中，所以“虚报”。
记者获悉，《元和姓纂》将上官仪一支著籍东郡，就是今日的河南陕县。再往前算，上官氏发源地，也就是总籍在“陇西之上邦”。所以自称“陇西上邦人”亦不为过。但按照今天的籍贯制度，上官婉儿应该是长安人。
据悉，目前上官婉儿的墓还未回填，从墓的壁龛出土近几百件陶俑，都是男女直立俑、骑马俑、动物俑等唐墓中常见的随葬品，每件高不到20厘米。唐三彩等更高级别的陪葬品并未发现。
相反，墓志上的花纹较为精美。四侧整体联珠纹框内减地线刻十二生肖，衬以缠枝忍冬。生肖皆为动物形象，生动写实。志盖四刹和志石四侧的线刻，图案造型优美、錾刻精细，在唐代墓志线刻装饰图案中属难得的上乘之作。
上官婉儿墓地在咸阳
去年，省考古研究院在对西咸新区一项目建设用地考古勘探时，发现了一座带有5个天井的唐代墓葬。考古发掘中发现了墓志，写明墓主人是“大唐故昭容上官氏铭”，葬于唐景云元年(710年)八月。
上官婉儿的墓规模不大，但是规格很高。它水平全长36.5米，深10.1米。这座墓是一座斜坡墓道多天井和小龛的单室砖券墓。它坐北朝南，由墓道、5个天井、5个过洞、4个壁龛、甬道和墓室等部分组成。墓志是在甬道内发现的，并未被扰动。“唐墓的规格就是天井越多，规格越高。”文物专家告诉记者，昭容相当于二品，5个天井能够凸显这个身份。
她凭借才气登上权力高峰
上官婉儿又名上官昭容，她生于664年，死于710年7月。她是唐高宗时期宰相上官仪的孙女。祖籍唐朝陕州陕县人(今河南三门峡)。她是唐代女官、女诗人、皇妃。她与武后、中宗相始终。凭借才气登上权力高峰。
祖父上官仪，因替唐高宗起草废武则天的诏书，被武则天所杀。随后她随母郑氏配入内廷为婢。14岁被武则天赏识不仅免除了奴婢身份，还开始掌管宫中诏命。
随后上官婉儿掌管宫中制诰多年，留下了“巾帼宰相”之名。又在唐中宗时，封为昭容。她在政坛、文坛有着显要地位。以皇妃的身份掌管内廷与外朝的政令文告。她曾建议扩大书馆，增设学士，并且代朝廷品评天下诗文。
710年的权力争夺中，李隆基起兵发动唐隆政变，杀了韦后与上官婉儿。上官婉儿的诗作曾收集成文集20卷，但已失传。流传下来的只有32首收集在《全唐诗》中。
她很会做人也工于心计
有资料显示，上官婉儿与武则天的男宠张昌宗有了私情，不料被武则天撞见。武则天勃然大怒，当即拔取金刀，砍到上官婉儿的前髻，伤及左额，且怒目道：“汝敢近我禁脔，罪当处死。”亏得张昌宗替她跪求，才得赦免。上官婉儿因额有伤痕，便在伤疤处刺了一朵红色的梅花以遮掩，便有了唐朝的“红梅妆”。
专家介绍，武则天退位后，上官婉儿又嫁给唐中宗李显，并专掌起草诏令。随着武则天侄子武三思权力日盛，上官婉儿又与其私通。直到公元710年，李隆基发动政变，诛杀唐中宗皇后韦后，上官婉儿表忠不成而被诛杀。中新
(原标题：反韦后 喝毒酒以死相谏唐中宗 求名医婉儿获救)
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