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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/10 8:20:57 CASS experts
Xinhuanet, Beijing, January 10 (reporter)-10th, the Bulletin of the Central Commission for discipline inspection supervision of the press conference, 2013 central inspection group sent twice, 6 officials suspected of violating the law and discipline problems have to initiate an investigation. Bu Xianqun, Director of the Institute of Chinese Academy of social sciences, history, 10th in the afternoon went into the interview with Xinhua, columns, Bu Xianqun said patrol as an associated with monitoring system, was implemented after the Han dynasty official. Specifically, is the emperor.
[Moderator] you are experts in the study of history, some Internet users want to know about history, how the origin of the visit, what kind of cases?
[Bu Xianqun] visited origins very early in our history, of course, have different views. Like someone said it might be early on the origins of civilization in our country already has, or rather in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties have. I think it can be viewed as a budding, such as in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, heaven xunshou or central official inspections to the places, which are. But if the visits as an institutionalized, as a linked to the monitoring of a system that I believe to be formally implemented after the Han dynasty. Specifically, is the period of Emperor Wu.
[Facilitator] history which officials were to inspect system down?
[Bu Xianqun] history Inspectorate officials very much, and I don't give one example, I cite a specific time. For example in Wu Zetian period, she set up a right Royal history, she regularly sends officers to conduct inspections. Every investigation of the officials ' at that time, more than 2000 people, little more than 1000 people. Dong Hanshun, dispatched eight out of the history of inspections. According to the research of one of my colleagues, he said bei into eight counties, including two local officials have been impeached, at 33%. Yinzhou 8 counties, there are 3 places he is impeached, 38% per cent inspection officials by the Governor, is to visit more than 30% more officials have been impeached. Intensity of inspection system in ancient China is very large.
[Facilitator] is there a classic case, users are very familiar with.
[Bu Xianqun] this online doesn't have to be familiar with, but Emperor Wu must have known of friends, television broadcast of the hanwudadi. Starting from Emperor Wu established the Governor system and Governor system set up that is, their country is divided into 13 districts, appointed Governor to the 13 monitored area to monitor the situation. Early Governor was no fixed office location, and he's just representing the central special special inspections, called six asks in the Han dynasty, just check these six Ordinances. Governor system is part of the monitoring system, but it also reflects China's inspection system from this period officially begins.
新华网北京1月10日电(记者 底东娜) 10日上午，中央纪委监察部新闻发布会通报，2013年10个中央巡视组两度派出，6名高官涉嫌严重违纪违法问题已立案调查。中国社科院历史研究所所长卜宪群10日下午走进《新华访谈》栏目，卜宪群说，巡视作为一种与监察相联系的制度，是在汉代以后开始正式实施的。具体来说，就是汉武帝时期。
[主持人]您是研究历史的专家，有网友想了解一下，历史上，巡视是怎样的由来，有什么样的典型案例？
[卜宪群]巡视在我国历史上起源很早，当然有不同的看法。比如说有人说可能是在我国文明起源的初期就已经有了，或者说在夏商周时期就已经有了。我觉得把它作为一种萌芽看待是可以的，比如说在商周时期，天子巡守或者中央一些高官到地方去巡查，这种情况都有。但是如果说把巡视作为一种制度化，作为一种与监察相联系的一种制度，我认为是在汉代以后开始正式实施的。具体来说，就是汉武帝时期。
[主持人]历史上有哪些高官是因为巡视制度给拉下马的？
[卜宪群]历史上巡视制度拉下的高官就非常多了，我不举某一个人的例子，我举具体某一次。比如说在武则天时期，她设立了一个右御史台，她定期派监察官去巡查。当时每一道查处的官吏，多的2000多人，少的1000多人。东汉顺帝时期，派出了八史出去巡视。据我一个同事的研究，他说在豫州有八个郡国，其中有两个地方的高官就遭到了弹劾，占33%。还有鄞州有8个郡国，有3个地方的长官被弹劾，占刺史所巡查高官比例的38%，就是一次巡视就超过了30%多的官吏被弹劾。可见中国古代巡视制度的力度是非常之大的。
[主持人]有没有什么经典的案例，网友也很熟悉的。
[卜宪群]这个网友不一定很具体熟悉，但是汉武帝这个人网友肯定知道的，电视也播过《汉武大帝》。从汉武帝开始设立了刺史制度，刺史制度的设立也就是把全国划分为13个监察区，委派刺史到13个监察区进行监察。早期的刺史是没有固定的办公地点，而且他只是代表中央进行特别专项的一种视察，汉代叫做六条问事，只问查这六条。刺史制度是监察制度的一部分，但它也反映了我国的巡视制度从这个时期正式开始了。
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