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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/10 8:21:47 Cunhao Zhang and Cheng kaijia 2013 State Supreme science and technology award
CNS, Beijing, January 10 (reporter Sun Zifa)-the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on January 10 2013 annual national awards for science and technology held in Beijing's great Hall of the General Assembly.
The famous physical chemist, founder of China's high-energy chemical laser, one of the founders of molecular reaction dynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences academician Zhang Cunhao, the famous physicist, founder and leader of nuclear science and technology in China, "two bombs" meritorious scientist academician Cheng kaijia, jointly won the State Supreme science and technology award in 2012.
China State Supreme science and technology award winner prize money of 5 million yuan per person, there had been 22 prominent experts have won the award, they respectively is Yuan longping and Wu Wenjun and Huang Kun, Wang Xuan, and Liu dongsheng, and Jin Yilian, and Wu mengchao, and Zhi, economy, and ye duzheng, and Min Enze, and Wu Zhengyi, and Wang Zhongcheng, and Xu Guangxian, and Gu chaohao, and Sun jiadong, and Shi Changxu, and Wang Zhenyi, and Xie Jialin, and Wu liangyong, and Zheng Zhemin, and Wang Xiaomo.
Meeting the same day in 2013, China's State Natural Science Award, the State technological invention Award and the State scientific and technological progress award, People's Republic of China International Science and technology cooperation award, also revealed one by one and award, grant 10 year total science and technology experts and 313 projects the national science and technology awards.
2013 State Supreme science and technology award winners cunhao Zhang, academician of CAs profile
Cunhao Zhang, male, an academician of the third World Academy of Sciences. Shandong Wudi who was born in February 1928. He was a Chinese famous physical chemist, founder of China's high-energy chemical laser, one of the founders of molecular reaction dynamics, catalytic, rocket propellant, chemical has long been engaged in research in areas such as laser, molecular reaction dynamics, made a number of international advanced results.
The 50 's of the last century, Zhang Cunhao, and collaborators developed the effluent gas synthetic liquid fuel efficiency of fused iron catalyst, ethylene and carbon more product yields more than three at the highest international levels. The 60 's, he was committed to solid-liquid and solid-propellant engine research, with collaborators first proposed theory of multilayer flame burning rate of solid propellants, more comprehensive complete solutions of solid propellant combustion and erosion of critical flow velocity.
The 70 's of the last century, Zhang Cunhao pioneered China's high-energy chemical laser research, presided over the development of China's first hydrogen fluoride/deuterium chemical lasers, and overall performance indicators have reached the world advanced level. Since the 80 's, his pioneering and leading Chinese short-wavelength high-energy chemical laser research and exploration. In 1983, he pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser with the partners in 1985, developed discharge pulse is raised for the first time at the international level a chemical oxygen-iodine laser, efficiency and performance is the world's leader in 1992, developed China's first CW chemical oxygen-iodine laser, overall performance in the international advanced level.
Cunhao Zhang, academician of CAs focuses on chemical laser mechanism and fundamental research, has made several international advanced and/or leading research results: pioneering research at the international level extremely short-lived excited state of "ion depression spectrum" method, and the method for the first time measured the lifetime of the excited state of molecular dissociation of ammonia for 100 femtosecond. The outcome was the editor in Chief of science as one of the achievements of Asian representation. He also observed for the first time at the international mixed electronic State of molecular collision quantum interference effect in the energy transfer process, and specifically the quantum interference effect is essentially a matter wave interference. This result was named 2000 top ten scientific and technological progress in China News.
2013 State Supreme science and technology award winner, Cheng kaijia Academicians
Cheng kaijia, male, was born in August 1918, Wujiang city, Jiangsu Province, and in 1941, graduated from Department of Physics of Zhejiang University in 1946, studying in United Kingdom in 1948 and United Kingdom University of Edinburgh PhD, United Kingdom researcher at the Imperial Chemical industries. After returning to China in 1950, and served as Associate Professor of the Department of Physics of Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, Department of physics, Professor, Deputy Director, II, Deputy Director of the Institute, and the ninth of the ninth Vice President of the Department, Deputy Director, Director of the Chinese nuclear test site Institute, Deputy Commander of the base, permanent members, in charge of the CST advisers, currently the General armament Department of the CST advisers. In 1980 was elected academician of Chinese Academy of science mathematical physics (academician), 1999: "two bombs" for merit.
Academician Cheng kaijia is a famous Chinese physicist, is the founder and leader of the nuclear science and technology in China.
The early 40, Cheng kaijia strictly proved in the free particle Dirac equation, five-dimensional field theory has made a great work, Bonn, co-sponsored the mechanism of superconductivity in d with and mentor, in Nature, in the journal Physical Review, published several papers. 50, he has pioneered systems thermodynamics theory of internal friction studies in China, on the basis of many years of teaching and research work and is the author of China's first of the solid-state physics.
60 of the last century, Cheng kaijia established the development of China's nuclear explosion theory, the system illuminates the nuclear explosions in the atmosphere and the physical phenomena of underground nuclear explosions, its origin and development regularity and in successive nuclear tests to verify improved, and overall design of Chinese nuclear testing, safety demonstration, testing, diagnosis and study on effect of basis. To the theory for guide, founded has nuclear explosions effect research area, established perfect different way nuclear-test-ban of technology route, and Security specification and technology measures; led and advance has China nuclear-test-ban technology system of established and science development, guide established nuclear-test-ban test diagnosis of basic framework, research settlement nuclear-test-ban of key technology problem, meet has constantly improve of nuclear-test-ban needs, support has China nuclear weapons design improved and combat using.
The 80 's of the last century, Cheng kaijia pioneered China's resistance to radiation hardening technology field of study. In he leadership Xia, system carried out has nuclear burst radiation environment, and electronic components and system of anti-radiation reinforcement principle, and method and technology research, using nuclear-test-ban provides of radiation field for radiation effect and reinforcement method of research; guide construction advanced of experiment simulation conditions, promoting China themselves design, and built radiation simulation facilities, carried out basic theory and experiment research, promoting has China anti-radiation reinforcement technology of continued development, for upgrade China strategy weapons of survival and suddenly anti-capacity provides has technology support.
90, in spite of his old age, in terms of information theory, high power microwave, continued research.
Academician Cheng kaijia life hard in defence science to become self-reliant, rise in great vigor, strictness, advocating science, unselfishness, courage to climb for Chinese high-tech have made an outstanding contribution to the development of nuclear weapons and defence. (End text)
(Original title: Zhang Cunhao, Cheng kaijia, 2013 State Supreme science and technology award)
中新网北京1月10日电 (记者 孙自法)中共中央、国务院1月10日在北京人民大会堂举行2013年度国家科学技术奖励大会。
著名物理化学家，中国高能化学激光奠基人、分子反应动力学奠基人之一，中国科学院院士张存浩，著名物理学家，中国核试验科学技术的创建者和领路人，“两弹一星”功勋科学家程开甲院士，共同荣获2012年度国家最高科学技术奖。
中国国家最高科技奖得主每人奖金500万元人民币，此前已有22位著名科技专家先后获此殊荣，他们分别是袁隆平、吴文俊、黄昆、王选、刘东生、金怡濂、吴孟超、王永志、李振声、叶笃正、闵恩泽、吴征镒、王忠诚、徐光宪、谷超豪、孙家栋、师昌绪、王振义、谢家麟、吴良镛、郑哲敏、王小谟。
当天的奖励大会上，2013年度中国国家自然科学奖、国家技术发明奖、国家科学技术进步奖、中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖，也一一揭晓并颁奖，本年度共授予10位科技专家和313个项目国家科学技术奖。
2013年度国家最高科技奖获得者张存浩院士简介
张存浩，男，中国科学院院士，第三世界科学院院士。山东无棣人，1928年2月出生。他是中国著名物理化学家，中国高能化学激光奠基人、分子反应动力学奠基人之一，长期从事催化、火箭推进剂、化学激光、分子反应动力学等领域的研究，取得多项国际先进成果。
上世纪50年代，张存浩与合作者研制出水煤气合成液体燃料的高效熔铁催化剂，乙烯及三碳以上产品产率超过当时国际最高水平。60年代，他致力于固液和固体火箭推进剂及发动机的研究，与合作者首次提出固体推进剂燃速的多层火焰理论，比较全面完整地解答了固体推进剂的侵蚀燃烧和临界流速现象。
上世纪70年代，张存浩开创了中国高能化学激光的研究领域，主持研制出中国第一台氟化氢/氘化学激光器，整体性能指标达到当时世界先进水平。80年代以来，他开拓和引领中国短波长高能化学激光的研究和探索。1983年，他与合作者开展脉冲氧碘化学激光器研究；1985年，在国际上首次研制出放电引发脉冲氧碘化学激光器，效率及性能处于世界领先地位；1992年，研制出中国第一台连续波氧碘化学激光器，整体性能处于国际先进水平。
张存浩院士还注重化学激光的机理和基础理论研究，取得了多项国际先进或领先的研究成果：在国际上首创研究极短寿命分子激发态的“离子凹陷光谱”方法，并用该方法首次测定了氨分子预解离激发态的寿命为100飞秒。该成果被《科学》主编列为亚洲代表性科研成果之一。他还在国际上首次观测到混合电子态的分子碰撞传能过程中的量子干涉效应，并明确了此量子干涉效应本质上是一种物质波的干涉。这项成果被评为2000年中国十大科技进展新闻。
2013年度国家最高科技奖获得者程开甲院士简介
程开甲，男，1918年8月出生，江苏吴江人，1941年毕业于浙江大学物理系，1946年留学英国，1948年获英国爱丁堡大学哲学博士学位，任英国皇家化学工业研究所研究员。1950年回国后，历任浙江大学物理系副教授，南京大学物理系教授、副主任，二机部第九研究所副所长、第九研究院副院长，中国核试验基地研究所副所长、所长，基地副司令员，国防科工委科技委常任委员、顾问，现任总装备部科技委顾问。1980年当选中国科学院数学物理学部委员(院士)，1999年获“两弹一星”功勋奖章。
程开甲院士是中国著名物理学家，是中国核试验科学技术的创建者和领路人。
上世纪40年代初，程开甲先后在自由粒子狄拉克方程严格证明、五维场论等方面做出了出色的工作，与导师波恩共同提出了超导电性双带机理，在Nature、Physical Review等杂志上发表多篇论文。50年代，他在国内率先开展系统的热力学内耗理论研究，在多年教学和研究工作的基础上，撰写了中国第一部《固体物理学》。
上世纪60年代，程开甲建立发展了中国核爆炸理论，系统阐明了大气层核爆炸和地下核爆炸过程的物理现象及其产生、发展规律，并在历次核试验中不断验证完善，成为中国核试验总体设计、安全论证、测试诊断和效应研究的重要依据。以该理论为指导，创立了核爆炸效应研究领域，建立完善不同方式核试验的技术路线、安全规范和技术措施；领导并推进了中国核试验技术体系的建立和科学发展，指导建立核试验测试诊断的基本框架，研究解决核试验的关键技术难题，满足了不断提高的核试验需求，支持了中国核武器设计改进和作战运用。
上世纪80年代，程开甲开创了中国抗辐射加固技术研究领域。在他领导下，系统开展了核爆辐射环境、电子元器件与系统的抗辐射加固原理、方法和技术研究，利用核试验提供的辐射场进行辐射效应和加固方法的研究；指导建设先进的实验模拟条件，推动中国自行设计、建造核辐射模拟设施，开展基础理论和实验研究，促进了中国抗辐射加固技术的持续发展，为提升中国战略武器的生存与突防能力提供了技术支撑。
90年代以来，他不顾年迈，仍在材料理论、高功率微波等方面继续进行研究。
程开甲院士毕生在国防科学领域辛勤耕耘，自力更生，发愤图强，严谨求实，崇尚科学，无私奉献，勇于登攀，为中国核武器事业和国防高新技术发展做出了卓越贡献。(完)
(原标题：张存浩、程开甲获2013年度国家最高科学技术奖)
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