Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/10 8:22:08 Focus on environmental protection in 2014 task deployment， pollution control action speed
2014 national environmental protection meeting, air, water and soil pollution released a new coordination mechanisms and plans of action.
Governing national action on air, water and soil are accelerating. On January 9, the Environmental Protection Department convened a national environmental protection Conference, deployed the 2014 national environmental priorities.
21st century business Herald reporter was informed that the Department of environmental protection has led the formation of the national coordination group for the Department of air pollution control. At the same time, haze problem of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province and the surrounding area, the Yangtze River Delta area, recently set up air pollution prevention coordination group, the former head of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee Secretary Guo Jinlong, and held by Shanghai party Secretary Han Zheng, Director of the latter.
"The atmosphere, water and soil pollution, is determined by the State Council, the current Government's three key areas of work of environmental protection. , "Said Zhou shengxian, Minister of environmental protection, which is 2014 full of deepening the reform of eco-environmental protection at the same time, the Ministry of environmental protection need to push on the three key areas of work. "The clean water action plan and the environmental protection and pollution of the soil action plan had been discussed at the meeting of the leading party group of the Ministry of environmental protection, discuss arguments once, will be submitted to the State Council. ”
Zhou shengxian has also deployed 2013 annual total emissions of four major pollutants of specific tasks. "National chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emission reduction progress exceeded expectations, progress with time basic synchronization progress to reduce emissions of ammonia nitrogen and nitric oxide after about two years with an average annual reduction of 4.8% to complete ' Twelve-Five ' emission reduction targets for emissions reduction challenge the next two years. ”
Startup detailed soil pollution investigation
Among the three environmental action plan, the implementation of the action plan for air pollution prevention and control remains a daunting task.
On the regional collaboration mechanisms, Ministry of environmental protection has led the formation of the national coordination group for the Department of air pollution control. "In 2013, new Central Finance established a special fund for air pollution prevention and control, first arranged a 5 billion yuan to support the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, five provinces (regions and municipalities) of air pollution control. "Zhou shengxian, introduction, first half of the year, to come up with 10 billion in support of air pollution control.
Mr Zhou believes that governance hinges on how to deepen the implementation of the atmosphere. Lanzhou governance haze experience was awarded the State Council for approval. Lanzhou two mountains clip one condition of the geographical spread of the River were not good and the economy is relatively backward, and under such conditions, Lanzhou had serious haze, were able to fix haze in these few years. "Why not? ”
"Lanzhou's experience in treatment of haze, while elsewhere have to learn many other aspects. But it must be noted that fact has its particularity, because the local paid a high social and economic costs, possibility of large area, there is a certain degree of uncertainty. "Science and technology policy and management, CAs analysis of Wang Yi, Deputy Director of science for the 21st century business Herald said.
In addition to the atmosphere, the Environmental Protection Department will expedite the preparation of the action plan on clean water. Focus on protecting drinking water sources, good ecology lakes high functions such as water bodies, elimination of bad polluted bodies of water such as v.
Zhou shengxian, introduced last year Executive meeting of the State Council to consider the adoption of the master plan of ecological environment water lake with good. Central Government invested 1.6 billion yuan, the new pilot 27 Lakes. Central fiscal consolidation in special ecological environment in rivers and lakes, in 2014, will focus on support of 15 Lakes, Lake annual investments amounting to 2.3 billion yuan.
At the same time, environmental protection Department is also preparing the soil and organize the implementation of the plan of action for environmental protection and pollution control, three key tasks for implementing heavily polluting farmland planting structure adjustment, remediation of contaminated plots of soil management and pilot, 6 soil-building demonstration area of environmental protection and pollution control, and start the detailed investigation of soil contamination and soil environmental engineering the first batch of key projects.
"Preliminary consideration 6 a soils demonstration area of environmental protection and pollution control, you may select the mining area located in certain urban plots. , "An official at the Ministry of environmental protection on 21st century business Herald explains, is about to start a thorough investigation of soil pollution is, people often say that encryption survey on the scope of the investigation will be considered the beginning of major grain producing areas, on the basis of further expansion.
Zhou shengxian, the clean water action plan and the plan of action for environmental protection and pollution control in soil is being revised and improved, will form the draft submitted to the State Council as soon as possible.
2014 nitrogen oxides emission 5%
In addition to the three major environmental action plan in 2014, another major task is to total emissions of four major pollutants.
Zhou shengxian, introduction, in 2013, is expected to complete annual emission-reduction mandates, in particular nitrogen oxides are expected to decline by more than 3.5%, emissions below base 2010 emission reduction per cent for the first time. "Nitrogen oxides fell by 3.5% above, is compared with last year. "Total control of the Department of environmental protection Secretary Liu Bingjiang to 21st century business Herald reporter explained that their emissions for the first time turning a corner.
Total nitrogen oxides control is difficult. In 2011, nitrogen oxide emissions by 2010 compared with rose 5.73%, emissions are not eased, failed to complete scheduled to decline in early 1.5% goals. In 2012, the nitrogen oxide emissions dropped by 2011, achieve the annual target of zero growth.
"Previously, nitrogen oxides are not eased, is mainly governed by was the lack of electric power industry NOx electricity price subsidy incentives. "Liu Bingjiang analysis, the State's 2011 14 pilot provinces per kilowatt-hour increase 8 per annum after denitrification electricity price subsidies, this policy at the beginning of 2013 to spread across America, and in August this year will increase subsidies to 1 cent, greatly stimulate denitrification facilities on the power industry's enthusiasm.
"In 2013, new thermal power in the country and denitrification capacity is Twelve-Five in total two years ago times. Cement scale denitrification achieved responsibility requires 1.6 times. "Liu Bingjiang analysis, nitrogen oxides as secondary pollutants is one of the important precursors of PM2.5, which accelerated to reduce emissions very important positive impact on governance PM2.5.
Zhou shengxian, introduction, set in 2014 annual emission reduction mandate: from 2013, sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emission decreases in the amount of 2%, 5% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions.
For this reason, decomposition implementation in 2014-Department of environmental protection and emission reduction tasks and "six factory (farm)" focused on engineering measures to comprehensively advance 1379 target responsibility project successfully completed and strive for new municipal wastewater daily processing capacity of 10 million tons, sintering machine flue gas desulfurization of 15,000 square meters, 130 million kilowatt coal-fired units and denitration, eliminate trade-in cars more than 3 million cars. Accelerate the introduction of the green electricity prices and environmental protection facilities for coal-fired power unit runs on supervision (hereinafter referred to as the rules), the discharge permit regulations and other documents.
"Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of environmental protection has been introduced in 2007 the desulfurization of coal-fired power generation units and desulfurization facility operation and management procedures (trial implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the pilot), this approach need to be revised. At the same time, now generators not only the desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting, so you want to modify the pilot on the basis of increased NOx and dust content, form an integrated approach to environmental management. "Liu Bingjiang introduction, the methods in the first quarter of this year is expected to be introduced, and the first draft discharge permit regulations are expected to be formed this year.
In addition, the Department of environmental protection will improve the pollution reduction work mechanisms, the improvement of verification method, using local verification, the State combines random manner, good progress in the work of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), commissioned a provincial (district, municipal) organizations to verify their own, Organization for emission reduction projects in spot checks to prevent fraud. Focus is to redesign the verification, focused around the verification of implementation of policy measures to reduce emissions, focusing on project completion and monitoring of the construction and operation of the monitoring system. Third, improved emission reductions approved, on-site verifications were true measures to reduce emissions or emissions reduction to be accepted.
(Original title: pollution control national speed of action)
2014年全国环保工作会议上，就大气、水体和土壤的污染治理公布了新的协调机制和行动计划。
治理大气、水体和土壤的国家行动正在加速。1月9日，环保部召开全国环保工作会议，部署了2014年全国环保工作的重点任务。
21世纪经济报道记者获悉，环保部已经牵头组建了全国大气污染防治部际协调小组。同时，在雾霾严重的京津冀及周边地区、长三角区域，近日也分别成立了大气污染防治协作小组，前者的组长由北京市委书记郭金龙担任，后者的组长由上海市委书记韩正担任。
“大气、水体、土壤污染治理，是国务院确定的本届政府环境保护的三项重点工作。”环保部部长周生贤表示， 这也是2014年在全面深化生态环境保护领域改革的同时，环保部需要全力推进的三项重点工作。“《清洁水行动计划》和《土壤环境保护和污染治理行动计划》已经在环保部党组会议上讨论过一次了，再讨论论证一次后，将上报国务院。”
周生贤还部署了2013年四种主要污染物总量减排的具体任务。“全国化学需氧量、二氧化硫减排进展超过预期，氨氮减排进度与时间进度基本同步，而氮氧化物后两年需年均削减4.8%左右，才能完成‘十二五’减排目标，今后两年减排任务艰巨。”
启动土壤污染详细调查
在三大环保行动计划当中，《大气污染防治行动计划》的落实任务依然艰巨。
在区域协作机制上，环保部已经牵头组建了全国大气污染防治部际协调小组。“在2013年中央财政新增设立了大气污染防治专项资金，首批安排了50亿元支持北京、天津、河北等五省(区、市)大气污染治理。”周生贤介绍，今年上半年，还要拿出100亿支持大气污染治理。
周生贤认为，大气的治理关键在于如何深化落实。兰州治理雾霾的经验曾获国务院的批示。兰州两山夹一河的地理扩散条件并不好，经济也相对比较落后，在这样的条件下，曾经雾霾很严重的兰州，这几年都能把雾霾治好。“为什么其他地方不行呢？”
“兰州的治霾经验，固然有值得其他地方学习的多个方面。但也必须看到，其实也有其一定的特殊性，因为当地付出了较高的社会和经济成本，能否大面积推广，还存在一定的不确定性。”中科院科技政策与管理科学副所长王毅对21世纪经济报道分析道。
在大气之外，环保部将加快编制《清洁水行动计划》。重点是保护饮用水水源地、生态良好湖泊等高功能水体，消灭劣V类等污染严重水体。
周生贤介绍，去年国务院常务会议审议通过了《水质较好湖泊生态环境保护总体规划》。中央投入资金16亿元，新增试点湖泊27个。中央财政整合设立江河湖泊生态环境保护专项，2014年将重点支持15个湖泊，每个湖泊年度投资金额达2－3亿元。
同时，环保部还将编制《土壤环境保护和污染治理行动计划》并组织实施，三项重点任务分别是实施重度污染耕地种植结构调整，开展污染地块土壤治理与修复试点，建设6个土壤环境保护和污染治理示范区，并启动全国土壤污染状况详细调查和土壤环境保护工程第一批重点项目。
“初步考虑，6个土壤环境保护和污染治理示范区，可能会选择设在某些城市的矿区地块。”环保部的一位官员对21世纪经济报道解释，即将启动的土壤污染的详细调查也就是人们常说的加密调查，调查的范围上将在起初考虑的粮食主产区的基础上进一步拓展。
周生贤表示，《清洁水行动计划》和《土壤环境保护和污染治理行动计划》正在修改完善，将尽快形成送审稿上报国务院。
2014年氮氧化物减排5%
在三大环保行动计划之外，2014年的另一项重点任务就是四种主要污染物的总量减排。
周生贤介绍，2013年的预计年度减排任务可以全面完成，尤其是氮氧化物有望下降3.5%以上，排放量首次降至2010年减排基数以下。“氮氧化物下降3.5%以上，是和去年同期比。”环保部总量控制司司长刘炳江对21世纪经济报道记者解释，其排放总量首次出现拐点。
氮氧化物的总量控制是一个难点。2011年，氮氧化物排放量与2010年相比上升了5.73%，排放量不降反升，没有完成年初预定的要下降1.5%的目标。2012年，氮氧化物排放量比2011年下降2.77%，实现零增长的年度目标。
“此前，氮氧化物不降反升，主要是受制于电力行业曾经缺乏脱硝电价补贴的刺激政策。”刘炳江分析，国家在2011年出台针对14个试点省的每千瓦时加价8厘钱脱硝电价补贴后，将这一政策在2013年年初推广到全国，并于今年8月将补贴提高到1分钱，大大刺激了电力行业上脱硝设施的积极性。
“2013年，全国新增火电脱硝装机容量是十二五前两年总量的1.3倍。水泥脱硝规模达到责任书要求的1.6倍。”刘炳江分析，氮氧化物是作为二次污染物的PM2.5的重要前体物之一，其减排的加速对治理PM2.5产生非常重要的积极影响。
周生贤介绍， 2014年确定的年度减排任务是：与2013年相比，二氧化硫、化学需氧量和氨氮排放量分别减少2%，氮氧化物排放量减少5%。
为此，环保部将分解落实2014年度减排任务和“六厂(场)一车”重点工程措施，全面推进1379个目标责任书项目顺利完成，力争新增城镇污水日处理能力1000万吨、烧结机烟气脱硫1.5万平方米、燃煤机组脱硝1.3亿千瓦，淘汰黄标车300万辆以上。加快出台《燃煤发电机组环保电价及环保设施运行监管办法》(以下简称《办法》)、《排污许可证管理办法》等文件。
“发改委和环保部曾在2007年出台过《燃煤发电机组脱硫电价及脱硫设施运行管理办法(试行)》(以下简称《试行》)，这个办法需要修订。同时，现在发电机组不仅要脱硫，还要脱硝和除尘，所以要在修改《试行》的基础上，增加脱硝和除尘的内容，形成一个综合的环保电价管理办法。”刘炳江介绍，预计《办法》在今年一季度将出台，而《排污许可证管理办法》有望在今年形成初稿。
此外，环保部还将改进污染减排的工作机制，一是改进核查方式，采用地方核查、国家抽查相结合的方式，对工作进展较好的省(区、市)，委托省(区、市)里自行组织核查，部里组织对减排项目抽查，严防弄虚作假。二是改进重点核查内容，重点核查各地减排政策措施落实情况、重点项目完成情况和监测监控体系建设运行情况。三是改进减排量核定方式，对现场核查属实的减排措施或减排量予以认可。
(原标题：污染治理国家行动提速)
赞