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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/10 8:25:04 Qingdao pipeline blast finds the Quartet’s responsibility， Government miscalculation wonder bang
The Beijing News (by Xiao Hui) yesterday of the new Office at a news conference, National Security Administration spokesman Huang Yi, said that "11·22" Qingdao oil pipeline explosion accident have been identified, accident investigation report has been submitted after the official approval of the State Council, will be published in full.
Huang Yi introduced, this was negligence. Main causes is pipeline road and drainage culverts junction Department pipeline corrosion changed thin rupture, crude oil leak, inflow drainage culverts, by volatile of oil and gas and culverts among of air mixed formed flammable easy burst of gas, in relative closed of space within agglomeration, scene disposal personnel using not explosion-proof of hydraulic broken hammer, in culverts cover Board Shang for drilled smash, produces impact Sparks, detonated has culverts of oil and gas.
Due to the spill, during more than seven hours after the explosion, the leaked oil has gas formed under the influence of drainage and flooding, drainage culverts which rapidly spread, spread, resulting in continuous explosions on a large scale.
Huang Yi said that Qingdao oil pipeline explosion accident exposure issues in four areas: troubleshooting, Administration not serious, in this regard, Enterprise, government regulators have a responsibility; inadequate emergency; irregular malpractice; unreasonable accident locations planning and design, the design department, the Urban Services Department cannot shirk its responsibility.
, November 22, 2013, located in economic and technological development zone, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Shandong road junction and zhaitang Island Road East yellow double line pipeline rupture, some crude oil into municipal stormwater pipeline; 10:30 A.M., storm sewer conflagration, accident caused a total of 62 people were killed and 136 wounded, 750 million yuan of direct economic losses.
■ 数说
National identified 20,000 problems
Yesterday, Huang Yi revealed that Qingdao when the accident occurred, State Safety Board deployed a special examination. At present formed 655 oil and gas pipeline in China, the total mileage up to 102,000 km, has been running for more than 20 years, and some have even reached more than 40 years, some pipeline had corrosion, thinning, some overlapping with the city's pipe network oil pipelines, some shocking. For identified problems, national security administration has issued rectification notices.
Security regulation General Regulation said Wang Haoshui, Director, covering nearly 3,000 petrochemical companies and oil depot, nearly 20,000 identified hazards and hazard rectification.
■ 分析
1 planning unreasonable "buried at least 11 Huangdao pipeline"
Planning and design is not reasonable, lots of planning and construction of the accident very chaotic, oil and gas pipelines and the surrounding buildings are too close together, especially with culvert crossing design of oil pipeline is not reasonable, there are significant risks. So the design department, the Urban Services Department cannot shirk its responsibility for this. --Huang Yi
"Huangdao pipeline situation is extremely complicated, at least 11 laying pipelines, more crowded part of the pipeline crosses. "Deputy Secretary General of the Municipal Government of Qingdao Guo Jishan said at a news conference last year. On November 26 last year, Beijing News reporter in oil mining scene saw pipes dangling through stormwater box culvert, in addition to the more than more than 10 lines, pipelines converge.
Statistics show that East yellow double line pipeline was built in 1986 and put into use. Exploding culverts built in 1995, after three maintenance, 2011 open channel to culverts.
Reporter obtained a copy of the materials displayed, Qinhuangdao road intersection and zhaitang Island, pipeline crossing culverts, some crude oil from the rift directly into the sewers. "This serious violation of regulations. "Experts have evaluated.
It is understood that Sinopec's staff had responded when sewer rehabilitation, the Government did not disclose its specific retrofitting scheme.
Experts also pointed out that, culvert outlet pipe, 0.07 meters elevation. The day of the incident, oil spills, salt water intrusion caused by tidal tide, formed in confined spaces. Some crude oil return.
Combustible mixed sewer gas will produce biogas emitted by crude oil, close to Mars are highly explosive.
2 not a thorough rectification "299 defects detected"
Troubleshoot governance of risk is not serious, is not responsible for, particularly on the oil pipeline with drainage culverts exists at the intersection of major hidden dangers have not conducted a thorough investigation and rectification, in this context, corporate responsibility, government regulators are also responsible. --Huang Yi
Obtained from the General press materials show that an oil spill because the oil pipeline Junction Road and drainage culverts ruptured pipeline corrosion thinning. In the lower part of the pipeline, has an obvious crack opening minimum thick-walled 3.2mm, 0.6 m long, slapping more than two grand. Vulnerabilities without detection.
Pipeline and how are your nicks?
Sinopec about staff has explained, 1986 built of East yellow rifled using has has 27 years, pipeline aging inevitably; incident pipeline from sea mouth near, tidal transform, wet/dry environment alternating, corrosion increased; drains by ditch modified into culverts Hou, junction Department pipeline Department wet environment, easier corrosion; June 2013 yilai, municipal engineering Qinhuangdao road integrated maintenance regulation, heavy construction car frequently grind pressure pavement, no protection measures, pipeline antiseptic layer damaged.
Pipeline companies have long been aware of the Eastern Yellow double deposit security risks. In the detection of 2013, Eastern Yellow double line 299 defects detected, suggest that maintenance 42, 5 tips on repairing the pipeline distance lots are close to each other.
However, Huangdao oil depot, a staff member told the Beijing news reporters: "enterprises want to repair (underground) line, and various government departments required, approval procedures in trouble, the views of local people. "Companies do not have an agreement with the local government, missed repair corroded pipeline.
3 inadequate disposal "the Government does not know may explode"
Lack of emergency. Oil spill to the explosion about 8 hours, from the enterprise to the relevant government departments during the accident risk analysis of mistakes does not take prompt measures to road closure alert, also was not notified in time to evacuate the surrounding crowd. --Huang Yi
Huangdao previously developed by the emergency plan for accidents of dangerous chemicals called, after the accident, the accident occurred units of content not only includes incidents reported by category, to include potential hazards.
Obtained from the General press materials show that relevant departments to learn is through the 110 command center that the crude oil spill. Before the explosion, the relevant departments from the Sinopec pipeline company is aware of the oil spills and disposal of, hazards that may occur. "Because you do not have more detailed information, related departments based on general practices for disposing of oil spill emergency relief measures. ”
Sinopec has been questioned, professional staff should know the mix of oil and gas in a confined space can lead to explosions, why there are no preventive measures? Staff have expert explained, used to have the oil spill, but the rare incidents of explosion caused by mixing of oil and gas, pipeline maintenance staff did not realize the following rain pipe in the tidal effect of descending into confined spaces. "There is no precedent for such incidents, did not practice. "After the oil spill, pipeline companies to prevent fire, only sent a company of firefighters stood next to it. But fire-fighters also died in the end.
4 violations malpractice punch didn't use explosion-proof hammer
Offending malpractice, within culverts disposal officers at the scene did not detect dangerous operations of oil and gas, construction and non-explosion-proof tools, leading to gas explosions. --Huang Yi
Interview with the Beijing News reporter on the scene, there were masses around 5 minutes before the explosion, the scene was smoking; on-site repair staff with large non-explosion-proof pneumatic picks, hammer and other tools.
Obtained from the General press materials show that didn't detect mixed concentration of oil and gas in the mining process. As a rule, fill when you rip, you should use explosion-proof tools, maintenance personnel are prepared. But while mining, cement above the culvert prefabricated, failed to open. Maintenance using excavators and non-explosion proof breakers on a cement prefabricated holes, caused by explosions.
(Original title: Qingdao petrochemical pipeline deflagration finds the Quartet's responsibility)
新京报讯 （记者萧辉）昨日，在国新办新闻发布会上，国家安全监管总局新闻发言人黄毅透露，“11·22”青岛输油管道爆燃事故原因已查明，事故调查报告已提交，国务院正式批复之后，将全文公布。
黄毅介绍，这是一起责任事故。主要原因是输油管路与排水暗渠交汇处管道腐蚀变薄破裂，原油泄漏，流入排水暗渠，所挥发的油气与暗渠当中的空气混合形成易燃易爆的气体，在相对封闭的空间内集聚，现场处置人员使用不防爆的液压破碎锤，在暗渠盖板上进行钻孔粉碎，产生撞击火花，引爆了暗渠的油气。
由于原油泄漏之后到爆炸七个多小时期间，泄漏的原油已经形成的混合气体受排水倒灌的影响，在排水暗渠当中急剧蔓延、扩散，从而导致在大范围内连续发生爆炸。
黄毅指出，青岛输油管道燃爆事故暴露四方面问题：隐患排查治理不认真，这方面，企业、政府监管部门都有责任；应急处置不力；违规违章作业；事故地段规划设计不合理，对此设计部门、市政部门负有不可推卸的责任。
2013年11月22日凌晨3时许，位于山东青岛经济技术开发区秦皇岛路和斋堂岛路交汇处东黄复线输油管线破裂，部分原油渗入市政雨水管线；上午10时30分，雨水管道发生爆燃，事故共造成62人遇难，136人受伤，直接经济损失7.5亿元。
全国查出2万项隐患
昨日，黄毅透露，青岛事故发生后，国务院安委会部署专项检查。目前我国形成655条油气长输管线，总里程达到10.2万公里，一些已运行了20多年，有的甚至达到40多年，有些管道已经锈蚀、变薄，有些输油管线与城市的管网交叉重叠，有些问题触目惊心。针对查出的问题，国家安全监管总局已下达整改通知单。
安全监管总局监管三司司长王浩水说，这次共检查了将近3000家石化企业和石油库，查出的隐患有近2万项，隐患都在整改中。
1 规划不合理 “黄岛至少埋11管线”
规划设计不合理，事故发生地段规划建设非常混乱，油气管道与周边的建筑物距离太近，特别是输油管道与暗渠交叉工程设计不合理，存在重大隐患。所以说设计部门、市政部门对此负有不可推卸的责任。——黄毅
“黄岛管线情况非常复杂，至少铺设了11条各类管线，较拥挤，部分管线有交叉。”青岛市政府副秘书长郭继山在去年的新闻发布会上曾表示。去年11月26日，新京报记者在漏油点挖掘现场看到，管道悬空穿过雨水暗渠，此外还有十余条管线、管道交汇。
资料显示，东黄复线输油管线1986年建成投入使用。爆炸的暗渠1995年建成，经过三次维修，2011年由明渠变暗渠。
记者得到的一份材料显示，秦皇岛路和斋堂岛街交叉口，输油管线横穿暗渠，部分原油从裂口直接流入下水道。“这种设计严重违反规定。”有专家曾评价。
据了解，中石化工作人员曾回应，下水道改造时，政府没有告知其具体改造方案。
还有专家指出，暗渠出海口管线低，标高0.07米。事发当天，漏油时，潮汐涨潮致海水倒灌，形成密闭空间。部分原油也回流。
而原油散发的可燃性气体混合下水道会产生沼气，封闭空间遇火星极易爆炸。
2 未彻底整改 “曾检出299个缺陷点”
对隐患的排查治理不认真、不负责，尤其是对输油管道与排水暗渠交汇处存在的重大隐患没有进行彻底的排查和整改，在这方面，企业有责任，政府监管部门也有责任。——黄毅
综合记者得到的材料显示，原油泄漏是因为输油管路与排水暗渠交汇处管道腐蚀变薄破裂。在输油管线下部，有一个明显裂口，开口处最小厚壁3.2mm，长约0.6米，超过两个巴掌大。漏洞事先没检测出来。
管道裂口又是如何形成的呢？
中石化有关工作人员曾解释，1986年修建的东黄复线使用已有27年，管线老化难免；事发管线距出海口近，潮汐变换，干湿环境交替，腐蚀加剧；排水沟由明沟改成暗渠后，交汇处管道处潮湿环境，更易腐蚀；2013年6月以来，市政工程秦皇岛路综合维修整治，重型施工车频繁碾压路面，没有保护措施，管线防腐层损坏。
管道公司早就意识到东黄复线存安全隐患。在2013年的检测中，针对东黄复线检测出299个缺陷点，建议维修点42个，其中有5个建议维修点距离事发地段管线很近。
但黄岛油库的一位工作人员曾告诉新京报记者：“企业想维修（地下）管线，需和政府多个部门沟通，审批程序麻烦，当地群众意见很大。”企业没有与当地政府达成一致，腐蚀管道错过抢修。
3 处置不力 “政府不知可能会爆炸”
应急处置不力。原油泄漏到爆燃约8小时，期间从企业到政府的有关部门对事故风险研判失误，没有及时采取封路警戒的措施，也没有及时通知疏散周边的群众。——黄毅
黄岛区此前制定的《危险化学品重特大事故应急救援预案》要求，事故发生后，事故发生单位所报告的内容不仅包括事故的类别，还要包括可能造成的危害等。
综合记者得到的材料显示，相关部门得知原油发生泄漏事故是通过110指挥中心获悉的。爆炸前，相关部门未能从中石化管道公司方面知悉本次原油泄漏和处置的情况，可能发生的危害等。“由于不掌握更详细信息，相关部门按处置一般原油泄漏事故的常规做法采取应急救援措施。”
中石化曾被质疑，具备专业知识的员工应该知道在密闭空间里油气混合可能导致爆炸，为何没有防范措施？工作人员曾对专家解释，以前也有原油泄漏事故，但极少发生油气混合致爆炸的事件，维修人员没有意识到输油管道下面的雨水管道会在潮汐作用下行成密闭空间。“没有此类事故先例，没有操作规范。”原油泄漏后，管道公司为防止火灾，只派出公司的消防人员守在旁边。但最终消防人员也牺牲了。
4 违规违章作业 现场打孔没用防爆锤
违规违章作业，现场处置人员没有对暗渠内的油气进行检测就冒险作业，而且采用非防爆的工具进行施工，从而导致油气爆炸。——黄毅
新京报记者在爆炸现场采访时，曾有周边群众反映爆炸前5分钟，现场有人抽烟；现场抢修工作人员用大型风镐、破碎锤等非防爆工具施工。
综合记者得到的材料显示，挖掘过程中没检测油气混合浓度。按规定，补裂口时，应使用防爆工具，维修人员也准备了。但挖掘时，暗渠上方的水泥预制板，没能弄开。于是维修人员使用挖掘机和非防爆的破碎锤在水泥预制板上打孔，致爆炸。
（原标题：青岛中石化油管爆燃认定四方有责）
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