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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/16 12:25:22 Wuhan solve quarry excavation-induced breakage of mountain
"Core reading"
Because they cut into mining and quarrying collecting Earth or other reasons, many landslides damaged in Wuhan. Blue Mountains into collapsed buildings, waste of resources, polluting the air and soil dust. Reduced quality of life, leaving the risk of landslide and debris flow disasters.
To save costs, and resolution of construction waste disposal problem at the same time, exploring the use of construction wastes in Wuhan to fill the mountain. This is a good way to save costs? Will cause secondary pollution, affecting the residents ' physical health?
Damage to the mountain to pollute the environment, bury hidden dangers
"Green mountains and turned into ruins, broken Hill City's scar, causing waste of resources, and reduced quality of life. "A police official said.
Known as the "hundred-Lake City," said Wuhan, the mountain is rich in resources, the city's mountain area of 696,000 acres, covers a metropolitan area of nearly 5%.
However, due to excessive mountain mining and quarrying excavation, road and urban construction, and historical reasons, resulting in many mountain varying degrees of damage, serious impact on ecological environment and the city's image.
As early as before the founding of new China, Wuhan had begun mining quarrying; the late 70 and 90 are two periods of most quarries. Quarrying at the height of a variety of large and small businesses more than more than 300, causing extensive damage to the mountain.
"Wuhan City a total of 54 damaged the mountain, with a total area of more than 13,000 acres. "The Forestry Bureau of Wuhan City Secretary Mr Albert CHAN said," these damaged mountain involved the city's new city 6, 4 zone (scenic spot), and scattered point-shaped distribution, damage the scope broad, large area. ”
Mountain breaks, destruction of ecosystems and biological diversity, some of which are rare animals and plants, has a variety of ecological implications, while buried under landslides, mud-rock flow disaster risks, produce a lot of dust, causing air pollution.
In the Wuchang district, Wuhan City, Rouge Hill landslide incidents have occurred, led to the foot of more than more than 10 buildings cracking, lives and property are threatened more than more than 100 households.
According to the municipal Bureau of forestry experts, city mountain is most valuable, nonrenewable ecological resource, in addition to conserving water, dust and noise reduction, sand-fixing function, some still bearing the history, culture and heritage. Such as snake, is the birthplace of crane culture.
"Wuhan is forest city, a large number of damaged severely affected the mountain ' Wuhan ' image. Ecological restoration for it, both to improve the urban ecological environment, the overall image of the city, but also to children green. ", Damaged mountain body repair work, Vice Mayor of Wuhan, said Liu Liyong, head of the leading group.
Government enterprise solution to repair funding challenges
It is understood that the great environmental value loss caused by damaged mountain, restoration and reconstruction costs are incalculable cost. "Damage easy repair, repair of not only technically difficult mountain, more substantial funding is needed. "Reporter learned, to fix a square broken Hill, cost up to 150 million.
Forestry Bureau of Wuhan, according to the relevant parties, fix an acre of mountain, the cost is generally 6 to 80,000 yuan, mountain restoration of Wuhan City, is expected to cost about 1 billion yuan. "The exploitation of stone, profits do not exceed 10,000 yuan, repair mountain but the cost is much higher than the profits of the operator. ”
In order to address this problem fix massif, to figure out some way of Wuhan.
First of all, the implementation programme defined the ecological restoration of damaged mountain body in Wuhan City District Governments, the development zone management Committee is the main body responsibility for repair of the trench. Also suggested that the acceptance of damaged mountain body repair projects, Wuhan Municipal Government adopt a "Supplement", follow the standard for every 10,000 yuan reward.
To alleviate financial pressures, expanded funding programmes as well as to actively encourage the quarry mining enterprises and civil capital participating in the governance of society.
Wuhan municipal on accelerated implementation breakage mountain ecological repair of views under in the also made has more items generous measures: funded repair breakage mountain of enterprise, and University, units, enjoyed the repair mountain of Crown name right; mountain repair main in and woodland ownership owner consultations consistent of based Shang, can enjoyed 70 years following woodland right; on breakage mountain implementation ecological repair, and carried out forest tourism, and Orchard, and tea, development of, can will repair area of 1% as tourism facilities construction with to.
It is learnt that the Wuhan Municipal Government has protected the mountain 2014 priority work, from the perspective of local legislation, introduction of more stringent measures for the protection of mountain resources.
Funds needed to repair mountain is a large sum, Mr Albert CHAN that "we should not just be jingjizhang, more comprehensive benefit accounts to be ecological, economic, social, and repairing damaged mountain body establish a stable and harmonious eco-system to meet the community's demand for the good environment and also public green, create a more ecological rearing space for future generations. ”
Construction garbage patch mountain, do not cause secondary pollution
In order to repair the mountain, Wuhan exploration will repair the mountain and new ways of combining absorptive building waste.
Wuhan municipal Bureau of forestry-related charge, "big mountain mine damage, backfill is suitable for use of construction waste treatment. "When the construction debris landfill, difficult to decompose the cement tiles, building materials will be placed at the bottom and then covered with muck, over a period of time after sedimentation stability, being implemented on the backfilling of pits and grass planting green project.
The view was expressed that urban construction waste absorptive is a city-building malady. This way of addressing both the backfilling of the mine's material, and solves the problem of construction trash heaps, also saves repair costs, "three birds with one stone".
People worry that landfill will cause pollution, affecting people's health?
"Of course not. "Industry insiders explain, backfill the mine construction debris, all resulting from the demolition of old houses and building Earth waste, cement blocks, and from the places of daily life, harmless to human body. At the same time, of domestic garbage and medical waste trash has strict processes will not backfill the waste pits, and thus do not cause secondary pollution of the environment.
Wuhan municipal Bureau of forestry official has determined that construction waste to landfill in an abandoned mine, does not affect the underground water does not cause secondary pollution.
Also, this way also saves a lot of cost.
Wuhan Optics Valley construction investment company introduce Green Deputy Minister Lin Zhigang, was under construction in the process of the development of East Lake high-tech zone has accumulated many city construction waste. Back then, the truck drivers, carelessly dumped garbage or waste, or price per truck goes for 50-100 dollars to the designated location. And now, building waste found a new place to go--returned to damaged mountainside mines, cost only one-tenth. Purchase mountain filling material, as saving.
In Wuhan East Lake high-tech zone in huanglong mountain mountain restoration project site, workers are in urban construction waste backfill, try to restore the mountain full "shell". "We are going to make cities in huanglong mountain country park, construction of green road, Pavilion, Pavilion, public areas and cultural landscape. "Lin Zhigang self-assured.
"As of December 31 last year, we focused on restoration has stopped mining 21 broken down the mountain, ecological restoration area is 2,738, beyond the planned number 94.5. "Mr Chan said.
(Original title: Wuhan "repair" their own (people's livelihood survey))
【核心阅读】
因为过度开山采矿、采石取土等原因，武汉多处山体破损。青山绿水变成残垣断壁，既浪费资源，又产生土尘污染空气。降低了人们生活质量，也埋下了滑坡、泥石流灾害的隐患。
为节约成本，同时解决建筑垃圾堆放问题，武汉探索使用建筑垃圾填补山体。这是一个节约成本的好法子吗？会不会造成二次污染，影响居民身体健康？
山体破损污染环境，埋下灾害隐患
“青山绿水变成了残垣断壁，破损的山体像城市的一块块伤疤，既造成了资源浪费，又使人们生活质量下降。”一名相关负责人如此说道。
素有“百湖之市”之称的武汉，山体资源也十分丰富，全市山体面积达69.6万亩，占市域面积近5%。
然而，由于过度开山采矿、采石取土、修筑道路及城市建设等历史原因，导致多处山体不同程度破损，严重影响了生态环境和城市形象。
早在新中国成立以前，武汉就已经开始就近开矿采石；上世纪70年代末期和90年代是采石量最大的两个时期。高峰时各种大大小小的采石企业多达300多家，造成大量山体破损。
“武汉全市共有54座破损山体，总面积有13000多亩。” 武汉市林业局局长陈伟说，“这些破损山体涉及全市6个新城区，4个开发区(风景区)，而且呈零星点状分布，破损范围广、面积大。”
山体破损，使生态系统和生物多样性受到破坏，其中不乏一些珍稀动植物，带来了多种生态隐患；同时，也埋下了滑坡、泥石流灾害隐患，产生大量土尘，造成空气污染。
在武汉市武昌区，胭脂山就曾发生山体滑坡事故，导致山脚下10余栋楼房开裂，100多户居民生命财产安全受到威胁。
据市林业局专家介绍，城市山体是最宝贵、不可再生的生态资源，除具有涵养水源、防尘降噪、防风固沙的作用之外，有的还承载着历史文化和古迹。比如蛇山，就是黄鹤楼文化的发源地。
“武汉是国家森林城市，大量的破损山体严重影响‘大武汉’形象。对其进行生态修复，既是为了改善城市生态环境、提升城市整体形象，也是为了还子孙绿水青山。”武汉市副市长、市破损山体修复工作领导小组组长刘立勇说。
政府携手企业，解决修复资金难题
据了解，破损山体导致的环境价值损失极大，恢复重建所要耗费的费用也难以估量。“破坏容易修复难，修复山体不仅在技术上难度较大，更需要巨额的资金投入。”记者在采访中了解到，要修复一平方米破损山体，费用高达150元。
据武汉市林业局相关人士介绍，修复一亩山体，成本一般在6到8万元，预计武汉市山体修复的成本约在10亿元左右。“开采一亩石材，利润不会超过一万元，但是修复山体所需成本却远远高于采石所得的利润。”
为了解决修复山体的资金问题，武汉市想了不少办法。
首先，《武汉市破损山体生态修复实施方案》明确了各区政府、开发区管委会是山体修复的责任主体。方案还提出，对验收合格的破损山体修复项目，武汉市政府采取“以奖代补”的方式，按照每亩一万元的标准进行奖励。
为减轻财政压力、扩大资金来源，方案同时提出，积极鼓励开山采石采矿企业和社会民间资本参与治理。
武汉市政府《关于加快实施破损山体生态修复的意见》中也提出了多项优厚措施：出资修复破损山体的企业、大学等单位，享有该修复山体的冠名权；山体修复主体在与林地权属所有者协商一致的基础上，可享有70年以下林地使用权；对破损山体实施生态修复，并开展森林旅游、果园、茶园等开发的，可将修复面积的1%用作旅游设施建设用地。
据悉，武汉市政府已将山体保护工作列为2014年重点工作，将从地方立法角度，出台更加严格的措施保护山体资源。
修补山体所需资金是个大数目，陈伟认为，“我们不能只算经济账，更要算生态、经济、社会综合效益账，修复破损山体建立稳定和谐的生态体系，满足社会对良好生态环境的需求，还市民绿水青山，为后代子孙营造更多生态养育空间。”
建筑垃圾修补山体，不会造成二次污染
为了修补山体，武汉探索了将修复山体与消纳建筑垃圾相结合的新办法。
武汉市林业局相关负责人介绍，“对有大矿坑的破损山体，才适合用回填建筑垃圾的方式进行治理。”建筑垃圾在填埋时，会将难以分解的水泥板块、建材放在底部，再在其表面覆盖渣土，经过一段时间沉降稳定后，才在被回填的矿坑上实施种草植树绿化工程。
有人认为，城市建筑垃圾消纳问题是城市建设的通病。这个法子既解决了回填矿坑的材料，又解决了建筑垃圾乱堆乱倒的问题，还节约了修复成本，“一石三鸟”。
有市民担心，垃圾填山，会不会造成污染，影响市民身体健康？
“当然不会。”业内人士解释，回填到矿坑的建筑垃圾，都是拆除老旧住宅和建设取土时产生的渣土、水泥块，来源于日常生产生活场所，对人体无害。同时，含有生活垃圾和医疗废弃物的垃圾有严格处理流程，不会回填到废旧矿坑中，因而也不会对环境造成二次污染。
武汉市林业局相关负责人也确定，将建筑垃圾填埋在废弃矿坑，不会影响地下水体水质，不会导致二次污染。
而且，这样修补，还节省了大量成本。
武汉光谷建设投资有限公司绿化部副部长林治刚介绍，正处于大建设大开发过程中的东湖高新区积攒了许多城市建筑垃圾。以前，这些垃圾要么被渣土车司机随意倾倒，要么每卡车需要花费50—100元的价格倒到指定地点。而现在，建筑垃圾找到了新去处——回填破损山体的矿坑，处理费用只有原来的1/10。而购买山体填充材料的钱，也节省了下来。
在武汉东湖高新区黄龙山山体修复工程现场，工人们正在用市区建筑垃圾进行回填，尽量还原山体饱满“骨架”。“我们准备把黄龙山打造成城市郊野公园，修筑绿道、驿站、亭台等市民休憩场所和人文景观。”林治刚踌躇满志。
“截至去年12月31日，我们重点修复了已经停止开采的21座破损山体，生态修复面积2738亩，超出计划数94.5亩。”陈伟说。
(原标题：武汉“补山”出奇招(民生调查))
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