Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/20 9:12:30 12，306 website members have organized groups to Alibaba’s learning experience
Dialogue: the rail 12,306 Technical Director Zhu Jiansheng reporter Lu Yanan
Asked why can't anti-peak traffic?
Hits in a single day up to 14.4 billion, equivalent to the national person viewed 10 times
Reporter: Spring Festival this year, train tickets had been sold by 12,306 website accounted for more than 50% of the total national railway ticketing. Compared with last year, 12,306 website purchase volume growth this year?
Zhu Jiansheng: Spring Festival this year, from the number of tickets being sold online last year increased by at least 50%. Tickets were first part of passenger travel, railway departments in the passenger "security, convenience and warm" Spring Festival travel season goal, efforts to make the passenger ticket. Through hard work, railway transport during Spring Festival this year has been completely changed the traveling public all night long queues, long scenes of hard waiting for tickets.
Reporter: tickets during the Spring Festival period this year, 12,306 site was paralyzed again, how high is the peak traffic?
Zhu Jiansheng: January 9, when begin selling train tickets on January 28, was this year's ticket sales peak. On this day, 12,306 page hits up to 14.4 billion, equivalent to the whole of China 12,306 site hit at least 10 times per person. Up to 8.8 billion page views a day, equivalent to the whole of China read 12,306 website 6 pages per person.
Reporter: many visitors usually by 12,306 site booking is convenient, but once in spring, booking rate is much slower, guests can look forward to pass measures such as increasing bandwidth, enabling tickets during the Spring Festival to open up?
Zhu Jiansheng: I think Netizen "dog code" published in xixihe forum postings passage very professional: speaking from the physics server per second can withstand the amount of computation is the limit. From an economic point of view, a website is not likely to peak values of sustainability standards for construction.
Hits on Spring Festival transportation peak, views are usually several times, and even a dozen times, we can only meet the daily needs and seeking a sweet spot between the peak demand for tickets and reasonable hardware configuration. Figuratively, it looks like the site is dealing with thousands of tickets per second, per second tens of thousands of peak demand or even a hundred thousand of ticket demand, and so we have to demand for asynchronous processing, through an orderly queue of people waiting for us. But we have been waiting for the link to the user experience, shorten the waiting time.
Another caveat is, 12,306 Web site is just one of railway ticketing channels, we also need to "get in line" which means to coordinate network channels and balancing other ticketing channels in order to uphold the principles of fair ticket.
B q how fighting brush and cattle?
For HF access, malicious acts such as hoarding, targeted blocking measures
Reporter: tickets in order to maintain the equity 12,306 dynamic code is available for brush software this year, although fighting "ox", also hurt the user experience, and eventually had to switch to static code. Wits with paint software seems to be very bad?
Zhu Jiansheng: brush software destroyed the ticketing rules, is against social credit behavior. We introduced dynamic code, in order to deter such acts, but it also affects the user experience.
Later improved, we introduced a static code, increasing both brush software automatically identifies the difficulty also increases user recognition.
Space as long as there is interest, the network "ox" will leave no stone unturned to attack 12,306 website, greatly endangering the normal purchase order and Web security. Just as every family has locks, can break down with an AX, but law-abiding people would not have done so. Therefore, software how to constrain brush than 12,306 Web site, involving issues ranging from Internet industry self-regulation, site supervision.
Is worthy of prompt passengers, new 12,306 Web site launched late last year has added a "brush" function to facilitate the passenger ticket.
Reporter: ever since Internet ticketing channels scrambled "ox" are starting to upgrade, a number of "ox" became a network expert. In the fight against the "ox" fire behavior, what action do we have?
Zhu Jiansheng: network "ox" maliciously hoarding tickets Tickets, seriously damaging the vital interests of the traveling public, also affects network security. We are also on trial and defense, blocking network "ox" technical measures.
For example, a number of "ox" 45 minutes paid for a malicious hoarding tickets, cancel the fake IDs booking, through ID cards robbed brush again to return to vote. So now we will cancel the reservation of tickets randomly delayed return tickets, this does not affect normal passenger ticket properly, but greatly reduces the chances of cattle buying return tickets.
For high frequency more than access to Web sites, high-frequency access ticket query page, use the 45-minute paid for a malicious hoarding behavior, 12,306 website will continue a targeted prevention and blocking measures to maintain normal order, tickets and website security.
Three asked if he could to sites such as Taobao to learn?
Learning attitude, open model-building sites, welcome traveller advice
Reporter: many visitors do not understand Taobao "double 11" big hits, volume, the user experience was all right, why one spring, 12,306 always "jam". Network buying train tickets and Taobao shop what's the difference? We can't go to a Buddhist scriptures do?
Zhu Jiansheng: Taobao is a very good site, is what we learn from. However, this integrated network selling train tickets and Taobao shopping in very different ways. Cite a simple example, Taobao selling a product, same quantity in inventory simply reduced it. But the tickets are not the same, it is irreplaceable.
Previous posts online, example. Beijing West North to Shenzhen high speed rail, it has 17 stations, 3 seats. As it seems, is 3 products, namely, business, first class seat, second seat. In practice, however, it has 408 items because the passenger station and get off at station can be a different choice, every ticket is a discrete commodity, and this product is dynamic. If you sold a Beijing-Wuhan second-class seat, core system will automatically generate a ticket from Wuhan to Shenzhen North with seats in second class seats, cancellation of tickets from Beijing to Shijiazhuang, Wuhan station between and, in addition, changes in the number of these tickets need to be synchronized in real time to the Web. Ticket system is constantly calculates the resulting new "goods".
Internet technology is an open technology, we also have a learning attitude, open model in building Web sites. From the beginning of 12,306 website so far, invited a lot of technical expert advice on the Internet. In 2012, 2013, "double 11" during the tour we visited the company's operation and maintenance work, learn other people's experience. In addition, companies such as we and China UnionPay, China Aviation had numerous exchange of learning.
In the field of Internet ticketing, we were new recruits, will also continue in the future with an open mind the construction and operation of websites.
Reporter: in fact, since last December, revision, 12,306 website has many new features passengers certainly too many for dynamic code, such as "Groove", what do you think of these "trough"? 12,306 website will be improved on in the future?
Zhu Jiansheng: we have been particularly concerned about the user experience, 12,306 website has a feedback email, every day we will collect public views and suggestions, technical improvement carried out by a research team based on those comments.
Last December, revision of the new Web site, is heard the opinions of visitors, a further optimisation of the operational processes, process redundancies omitted, so that passengers can buy tickets as quickly.
After the introduction of a new Web site, received a lot of feedback. There is a visitor "priority number" option cannot be recorded without sales trips, we immediately improved. There are other views, we also have to be improved. We very much welcome the visitors continued to give us advice, common 12,306 Web site better.
Here, tells passengers to good news now 12,306 public micro account is also called "railway 12,306", to provide you with a convenient, practical assistance information, more convenient travel.
(Original title: 12,306 spring can not paralysis (people three questions))
对话人：铁路12306技术负责人 朱建生 本报记者 陆娅楠
一问 为什么抗不住高峰点击量？
单日点击量高达144亿次，相当于全国每人点击10次
记者：今年春运，通过12306网站售出的火车票已占全路售票总量的50%以上。与去年相比，今年12306网站的购票量增长了多少？
朱建生：今年春运，从网络售出的火车票数量比去年增长了至少50%。购票是旅客出行的第一环节，铁路部门按照让旅客“安全出行、方便出行、温馨出行”的春运目标，努力让广大旅客方便购票。通过努力，今年铁路春运已彻底改变了以往广大旅客彻夜排长队、长时间辛苦等待购票的场面。
记者：今年春运售票期，12306网站曾再度瘫痪，高峰时段的点击量有多高？
朱建生：1月9日，当日开始出售1月28日的火车票，是今年的售票高峰日。这一天，12306网页点击量高达144亿次，相当于全中国每人至少在12306网站点击了10次。这一天的网页浏览量高达88亿次，相当于全中国每人都浏览了12306网站6次页面。
记者：不少旅客觉得平时通过12306网站订票还是很方便的，但是一到春运，订票的速度就慢了很多，旅客们期待是否能通过不断增加带宽等措施，使春运购票也能畅通起来？
朱建生：我觉得网友“代码狗”在西西河论坛中发表的一个帖子里有一段话非常专业：从物理原理讲，服务器每秒钟能承受的计算量是有极限的。从经济角度考虑，一个网站不太可能以最高峰值的承受力为标准来建设。
春运高峰期的点击量、浏览量是平时的几倍，甚至十几倍，我们只能在满足日常需求与高峰期售票需求之间寻求一个最佳点，合理进行硬件配置。打个比方，这就好比网站的能力是每秒处理几千张票，但是高峰期的需求是每秒几万甚至十几万的购票需求，那么我们只能对需求进行异步化处理，通过有序排队让大家等待一下。不过我们也在不断完善等待环节的用户体验，尽量缩短等待时间。
另外需要说明的是，12306网站仅仅是铁路售票渠道之一，我们还需要通过“排队”这种手段，来协调网络渠道与其它售票渠道之间的平衡，以维护公平售票的原则。
二问 怎么才斗得过刷票与黄牛？
针对高频访问、恶意囤票等行为，针对性采取封堵措施
记者：为了维护购票公平，12306今年针对刷票软件推出了动态验证码，虽然打击了“黄牛”，也伤害了用户体验，最后不得不改成了静态码。与刷票软件的斗智斗勇好像很不顺利？
朱建生：刷票软件破坏了购票规则，是有违社会诚信的行为。我们推出动态验证码，就是为了遏制这种行为，但这也影响了用户体验。
后来经过改进，我们推出了静态码，既提高刷票软件的自动识别难度，也提高了用户辨识度。
只要存在利益空间，网络“黄牛”就会千方百计来攻击12306网站，这极大地危害了正常的购票秩序和网站运行安全。就像家家有把锁，用斧头就可以破门而入，可是守法的人都不会这么干。因此，如何约束刷票软件恐怕不是12306网站一家的事儿，这涉及互联网行业自律、网站监管等一系列问题。
值得提示旅客的是，去年底上线的新版12306网站已经新增了“刷票”功能，方便旅客购票。
记者：自从有了网络购票渠道，炒票的“黄牛”也开始升级换代，不少“黄牛”成了网络高手。在打击“黄牛”炒票行为上，我们有什么行动？
朱建生：网络“黄牛”恶意囤票倒票，严重损害了广大旅客的切身利益，也影响了网络运行安全。我们也在不断摸索防范、封堵网络“黄牛”的技术措施。
比如，不少“黄牛”利用45分钟的支付期恶意囤票，取消假身份证预订后，再通过真身份证抢刷返票。所以我们现在将取消预订的车票随机延时返回票库，这并不影响普通旅客正常购票，但大大降低了黄牛抢购返票的几率。
针对高频访问网站、高频访问余票查询网页、利用45分钟支付期恶意囤票等行为，12306网站仍将继续采取针对性的防范和封堵措施，以维护正常的购票秩序和网站运行安全。
三问 能不能向淘宝等网站取经？
以学习姿态、开放模式建设网站，欢迎旅客出谋划策
记者：很多旅客不明白淘宝“双11”那么大点击量、成交量，用户体验都挺好的，为什么一到春运，12306却总是“卡壳”。网络购火车票和淘宝购物有什么不同？我们不能去取取经吗？
朱建生：淘宝是很优秀的网站，也是我们学习的榜样。不过，网售火车票与淘宝这种综合购物确实有很大不同。举个简单的例子，在淘宝出售一件商品，同样的库存只需减数量就可以了。但是车票不一样，它具有不可替代性。
前一段网上有个帖子，例子举得挺对。北京西到深圳北的高铁，它有17个站，3种座位。表面看起来，就是3个产品，即商务座、一等座、二等座。但实际上，它有408种商品，因为旅客的上车站和下车站都可以是不同的选择，每一张票都是一个相对独立的商品，而且这种产品是动态的。如果售出了一张北京到武汉的二等座，客票核心系统会立即自动生成一张武汉到深圳北之间的同席位二等座，同时取消北京至石家庄直至武汉之间车站的车票，此外，还需将这些车票数量的变化实时同步到网站上。因此售票系统是在不停地计算生成新的“商品”。
互联网技术是开放的技术，我们也一直以学习的姿态、开放的模式在建设网站。从12306网站建设之初至今，就邀请了很多互联网技术专家出谋划策。2012年、2013年的“双11”期间，我们特地组团参观了阿里巴巴的运营维护工作，学习人家的成熟经验。此外，我们也和银联、中航信等企业进行了多次的交流学习。
在互联网售票领域，我们还是新兵，今后还将继续以开放的态度建设和运营网站。
记者：其实，从去年12月改版以来，12306网站的不少新功能受到了旅客肯定，也出现了不少针对动态验证码之类的“吐槽”，您怎么看待这些“吐槽”？未来12306网站还会有哪些改进？
朱建生：我们一直都特别关注用户体验，12306网站上有个用户反馈信箱，我们每天都会收集大家的意见和建议，再由研发团队根据这些意见进行技术改进。
去年12月改版的新网站，就是听取了旅客的意见，进一步优化了操作流程，把冗余的流程省略，使旅客能最快地买到车票。
新网站推出后，收到了不少用户意见反馈。有一名旅客提出“优先车次”选项不能录入未开售的车次，我们立即就改进了。还有其他意见，我们也都加以改进。我们非常欢迎旅客继续给我们出谋划策，共同把12306网站办得更好。
在这里，也告诉旅客一个好消息，现在12306网站也有公众微信账号了，叫“铁路12306”，为大家提供了不少方便、实用的服务信息，更加方便大家的出行。
(原标题：12306 春运能否不瘫痪(民生三问))
赞