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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/20 9:15:16 Hunan youth reported Shanghai recruit of civil servants suspected of domicile discriminated against
Intern Zheng Wentao reporter Zhou Kai
On December 29, 2013, the 23 year old Hunan youth and Stacey return the Ministry of human resources and social security, 2014-entry requirements for civil service examinations in Shanghai reported suspected of domicile discriminated against. Currently, he has signed for the shipment receipt received, waiting for a reply.
Household became a registered for "lion"
Xiao Li's residence in Hunan, 2012 graduates obtain a Bachelor, now working for a social organization in Guangzhou. Not long ago, he was ready to apply for civil service examinations in Shanghai, saw situan town, Fengxian district, when the query posts Township civil service to this position, the position was mainly "Community construction and management, responsible for comprehensive management of social order", the requirement for a candidate to be "undergraduate, Bachelor's degree, Chinese Communist Party Member".
Xiao Li is the LLB, also joined the party, and enthusiastic Township grass-roots work, he felt that this job is right for you, then lists the Township civil servants as an ideal entry position.
But he soon found themselves actually do not apply, because December 2013 Shanghai municipal civil service agency, published in the official website of the Shanghai 2014-provisions of the civil service examination announcements: "posts in the civil service examinations or in villages, with household registration in the city limits, or those with postgraduate education, and hold a Shanghai residence permit for more than one year, points to achieve the standard score 120 points or more people. "It also means that foreign domicile and the master degree Xiao Li is not entitled to apply for the position.
Stacey called the policy of civil service examinations in Shanghai telephone, staff on the phone to tell Xiao Li that "foreign accounts, you must first see if a qualifying examination, and then look at the post's request", while Shanghai Hukou "without restriction, provided that they meet the requirements can apply."
Arrested for household employment discrimination
Xiao Li for this purpose consulted the experts. Well-known anti-discrimination public service Army says, is currently addressing discrimination in employment, mainly in the legislative and judicial spheres, justice "dilemma and one high", he said: "first incorporated is difficult and the second is for units, citizen is in a relatively weak result of proof difficult; the third is less compensation, leading to high cost of those safeguarding".
"The situation now is ' treating the symptoms but not the '", the army said, "gender discrimination discrimination from hepatitis b, HIV/AIDS discrimination is applicable to different laws, without a dedicated comprehensive law".
At a small nonprofit organization "row" Guo Bin, the head of opinion, household registration and can be qualified for the position and not necessarily linked, only an external status indicators, casual status indicators would deprive applicants of employment opportunities, such a provision is unfair. He said: "Shanghai ' recruit ', not only denied the equal opportunity to field candidates, alleged discrimination in employment, contrary to the spirit of the Constitution, but will also affect the Government's credibility and lead to adverse social consequences".
Lawyer Pang Kun, employment equity is one of the most fundamental principles of our laws relating to employment, equal right to employment was China's workers enjoy basic rights. He said, People's Republic of China Constitution and the People's Republic of China labour law explicitly guarantees the worker's right to equal employment, and 2014 recruiting of civil servants in Shanghai with Shanghai Hukou restrictions, "has been arrested for household employment discrimination."
Return the Ministry reports
Li believed that workers enjoy equal employment rights, and not be based on household registration requirements not directly related to conditions of work such as a job qualification. So he gave the Ministry of human resources and social security letters reflected that situation, "hoped that this would be a reasonable solution."
In reported letter in the, small Lee reference has on January 1, 2008 up purposes of People's Republic of China employment promotion law under in the of provisions: "workers employment, not due to national, and race, and gender, and religious beliefs, different and by discrimination" and "employing units enrollment with personnel, should to workers provides equal of employment opportunities and fair of employment conditions, shall not implementation employment discrimination", against household discrimination this a specifically type of employment discrimination.
Li also cited a departmental regulations: April 2013, the Ministry of education, issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the notice on strengthening the work of university graduates ' employment information service, which informed the fifth provision of non-discrimination in employment, protecting graduates of legitimate rights and interests. Demanding "three prohibitions" includes: "in violation of State regulations for publication is strictly prohibited discriminatory provisions, such as gender, household, educational needs, is firmly opposed to any forms of discrimination in employment".
Stacey also believes that this provision in Shanghai, with 18 made by the third plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decisions run counter to the letter and spirit of the Elimination of all discrimination in employment: specification for hiring personnel system, eliminate, industry, identity, gender, urban and rural areas all affect the institutional barriers to equal employment and discrimination in employment.
Thus, Stacey wrote in his report: "recruiting 2014 Shanghai civil servants suspected of domicile discriminated against, contrary to the applicable laws and regulations, violated the right to equal employment, with 18 while the third plenary session of the implementation of employment equity, the Elimination of all discrimination in employment contrary to policy, should be corrected in a timely manner and bear the corresponding legal responsibility."
He expressed the hope that "according to the Department of human resources and social security, timely and effective redress of discrimination and corresponding administrative penalty in order to maintain the effective implementation of laws and regulations to create an open, fair and just employment environment."
Formulating the employment discrimination law imminent
According to understanding, my currently and no one specifically for employment discrimination of law, "in judicial practice in the, existing of on employment discrimination of law provides compared abstract, also compared principle, some should ban of discrimination type and no provides to law inside", China of political science and Law University Associate Professor Liu Xiaonan said, "and labour law under and employment promoting law under and does not apply for civil servants hiring, this aspects of law relief on especially difficult".
Army also believes that enacting a special law against employment discrimination is imminent, "in recent years, the Government has continuously increasing input on legislation in the field of elimination of employment discrimination, from the institutional improvement of employment discrimination against hepatitis b, up to now the gender, age, household (discrimination) are blocked, illustrates the Government's determination to regulate the labor market, the Elimination of discrimination in employment and interests."
May 2013, 2013, issued by the national circular on college graduates ' employment, and adopted at its 18th plenary session of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision, intends to prohibit employment discrimination often appear in the job market, standardized hiring personnel system, eliminate, industry, identity, gender, urban and rural areas all affect the institutional barriers to equal employment and discrimination in employment.
"But these are legal documents, notification of the relevant government departments or the party's decision, which alone is not sufficient, and should be complete, fixed on the State legislative level, with international standards, improve the clarity of the law. "Specific to the hiring of civil servants, Liu Xiaonan believes that" State bodies in the public sector, but also should lead in setting an example in anti-discrimination employment, better performance of my country has signed international conventions (111th, conventions, namely the 42nd session of the International Labour Conference adopted the 1958 Convention on the Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation, China officially approved on January 12, 2006-journalists)
Army also said that anti-discrimination legislation has reached a critical moment, as soon as possible into the national agenda of the legislature, "I believe in the near future, a special People's Republic of China against employment discrimination Act will be published".
Xiao Li is currently mailed to sign for receipt, is awaiting a response from State Protection Department, "wait for the results, did not rule out legal proceedings", Stacey said, the employment promotion Act provides that "employment discrimination suit before a people's Court according to law".
(Original title: report Shanghai Youth and civil service recruitment in Hunan suspected of domicile discriminated against)
实习生 郑文韬 本报记者 周凯
2013年12月29日，23岁的湖南籍青年小李寄信国家人力资源和社会保障部，举报2014年度上海市公务员考试的报考要求涉嫌户籍歧视。目前，他已收到快件签收回执，等待答复。
户籍成了报考“拦路虎”
小李的户籍在湖南，2012年本科毕业获得法学学士学位，现在广州一家社会组织工作。前不久他准备报考上海市公务员考试，在查询职位时看到了奉贤区四团镇乡镇公务员这一职位，该职位工作内容主要是“负责社区建设和管理、社会治安综合管理工作”，对报考人员的要求是“法学本科、学士学位、中共党员”。
小李是法学学士，也入了党，而且热心乡镇基层工作，他觉得这份工作非常适合自己，于是就将该乡镇公务员列为了理想报考职位。
但他很快发现，自己其实并不能报考，因为2013年12月上海市公务员局发布在其官网上的《上海市2014年度考试录用公务员公告》规定：“报考乡镇公务员职位的，限具有本市户籍，或者具有硕士研究生以上学历，且持有上海市居住证一年以上、积分达到标准分值120分以上的人员。”这也就意味着既是外地户籍又非研究生学历的小李没有资格报考该职位。
小李拨打了上海市公务员考试的政策咨询电话，工作人员在电话里告诉小李，“外地户口的，你先要看是否有资格考试，然后再看岗位的要求”，而上海市户口“就不受限制，只要符合岗位要求就可以报考”。
涉嫌户籍就业歧视
小李为此专门咨询了相关专家。国内知名反歧视公益人士陆军说，目前解决就业歧视问题，主要难在立法领域和司法领域，司法领域有“两难一高”，他说：“第一是立案难；第二是因为相对于单位，公民处于相对弱势则造成了举证难；第三是赔偿少，导致了维权成本较高”。
“现在的局面是‘头痛医头脚痛医脚’”，陆军说，“从乙肝歧视到性别歧视，再到艾滋病歧视等，都适用不同法律，而没有一部专门的全面的法律”。
在公益机构“众一行”的负责人郭彬看来，户籍与能否胜任该岗位并没有必然的联系，只是一种外在的身份指标，随意因身份指标便剥夺报考者的就业机会，这种规定本身就显失公平。他说：“上海市如此‘招聘’，不仅剥夺了外地考生的平等机会，涉嫌就业歧视，违背宪法精神，而且也会影响政府公信力，并引起不良的社会后果”。
在律师庞琨看来，公平就业是我国有关就业的法律的最基本原则之一，平等就业权也是我国劳动者享有的基本权益。他说，《中华人民共和国宪法》和《中华人民共和国劳动法》明确保障劳动者的平等就业权，而上海市2014年公务员招录以上海户籍作为限制条件，“已经涉嫌户籍就业歧视”。
寄信人保部举报
小李认为，劳动者享有公平的就业权利，不应以户籍等与工作要求无直接关联的条件作为求职资格。于是他给国家人力资源和社会保障部寄信反映该情况，“希望这个现象能得到一个合理的解决”。
在举报信中，小李引用了2008年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国就业促进法》中的条文：“劳动者就业，不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰等不同而受歧视”以及“用人单位招用人员，应当向劳动者提供平等的就业机会和公平的就业条件，不得实施就业歧视”，反对户籍歧视这一专门类型的就业歧视。
小李还引用了一部部门规章：教育部2013年4月发布的《教育部办公厅关于加强高校毕业生就业信息服务工作的通知》，该《通知》第五项规定严禁就业歧视，保护毕业生合法权益。要求严格做到的“三个严禁”中就包含：“严禁发布违反国家规定的有关性别、户籍、学历等歧视性条款的需求信息，坚决反对任何形式的就业歧视”。
小李还认为，上海市这一规定，与十八届三中全会所作的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中消除一切就业歧视的规定和精神相违背：规范招人用人制度，消除城乡、行业、身份、性别等一切影响平等就业的制度障碍和就业歧视。
于是，小李在举报信中写道：“2014年度上海市公务员招录涉嫌户籍歧视，违背相关法律法规，侵犯劳动者平等就业权，同时与十八届三中全会贯彻的平等就业、消除一切就业歧视政策相违背，应及时给予纠正并承担相应的法律责任”。
他希望，“人力资源和社会保障部能够依法、及时、有效地纠正相关单位的歧视行为并对其进行相应的行政处罚，以维护法律法规的有效实施，来营造一个公开、公平、公正的求职环境”。
制定《反就业歧视法》迫在眉睫
据了解，我国目前并没有一部专门针对就业歧视的法律，“在司法实践中，现有的关于就业歧视的法律规定比较抽象，也比较原则性，一些应该禁止的歧视类型并没有规定到法律里面”，中国政法大学副教授刘小楠说，“而且《劳动法》和《就业促进法》并不适用于公务员招考，这方面的法律救济就格外困难”。
陆军也认为，制定一部专门的《反就业歧视法》迫在眉睫，“近年来，政府不断在消除就业歧视领域加大立法投入力度，从乙肝就业歧视的制度性完善，到现在的性别、年龄、户籍(歧视)被禁止，充分说明了政府对规范劳动力就业市场、消除就业歧视的决心和重视程度”。
2013年5月国务院下发的《关于做好2013年全国普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知》，以及第十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》，都有意禁止就业市场上经常出现的就业歧视，规范招人用人制度，消除城乡、行业、身份、性别等一切影响平等就业的制度障碍和就业歧视。
“但这些是非法律性的文件，只是有关政府部门的通知或者党的决议，仅仅有这些是不够的，应该从国家立法层面上进行完善、固定下来，与国际接轨，使法律更加明确。”具体到公务员招考，刘小楠认为，“作为公共部门的国家机关，更应该在反歧视就业方面带头垂范，更好的履行我国已经签署的国际公约(指第111号公约，即第42届国际劳工大会通过的《1958年消除就业和职业歧视公约》，我国于2006年1月12日正式批准——记者注)
陆军也表示，反歧视立法已经到了关键时候，应尽快纳入国家立法机关的议事日程，“相信在不久的将来，一部专门的《中华人民共和国反就业歧视法》将会出台”。
小李目前已收到邮寄签收回执，正等待国家人保部的答复，“先等待结果出来再说，不排除提起法律诉讼”，小李说，《就业促进法》规定，“实施就业歧视，可依法向人民法院起诉”。
(原标题：一湖南籍青年举报上海市公务员招考涉嫌户籍歧视)
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