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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/20 9:16:39 Official staff wellbeing within the survey system high
Xinhua Beijing January 19 Reuters new media ("Site," Xinhua Li Yahong Yang Lin) in recent days, "15 ban civil servants" become a hot search term; civil servants "decline in revenue" "post" the resignations caused public concern, such as Readme. Recently issued by the State Secretary of health and family planning family 2013 hot issues in family well-being survey in China showed that personnel within the system as a whole still has a higher sense of wellbeing. Happiness from the high to the low population, followed by system personnel, outside the system, workers, peasants and migrant workers.
Persons included in the system of civil service bodies and personnel working in institutions and State-owned enterprises, off-site staff in foreign companies or individual industrial and commercial households and private enterprises employed persons. Noteworthy is that over 70% of urban migrant workers believe that housing is a major factor affecting family well-being. Experts point out that describe the relevant reforms in this area have yet to be deepened.
Survey: young people within the framework of
National Commission for Health Secretary Wang Haidong on the family, this survey according to the areas of economic, social and demographic developments, from Beijing, Liaoning, Anhui in 7 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) as a national probability sample of 21 county-level units, investigators directly to households to conduct on-site investigations. Field survey a total sample size of 6,000 copies, valid samples of 5,998.
Investigation found that a family happiness and family member 8 aspects such as health, income, safety and interpersonal solidarity. Different type of occupation as a result of their joint income, prestige and pressure, and also affect family wellbeing experience of different groups. From professional nature, within the system than outside the system, workers, peasants, migrant workers happiness is stronger.
A sociology expert involved in the investigation said that in recent years, many young people to join the civil service examinations, hopes to squeeze into the system, this may be one reason. There have also be rush into civil service positions within the large State-owned enterprises and institutions, enterprises and other jobs.
Lin Li of Beijing Institute of technology master's graduates participated in the national civil service examination this year, because a few minutes brush with interviews of the difference. "I'm not giving up, has already started preparing for the home civil service exam. "A lot of people as well as Lin Li, in their view, into the system means steady income, secure and safe.
Impact housing "migrant workers" happy family stability increase happiness
Since reform and opening up, number in the hundreds of millions of farmers to leave their homes and go out to work, they are struggling to look for is the improvement of the quality of life, and ultimately a happier life. Because migrant workers are often accompanied by a short or long separated from their families, migrant family well-being of particular concern.
To investigate urban migrant workers in the context of family happiness, the survey has been specially designed for this group of independent questionnaire, focus on the way in the workplace. Of particular concern is that expensive house prices in the city crushed many "wage earners" a happy life.
Survey results found that 71. 10% migrant worker believes that home ownership is an important factor affecting family well-being. In this survey of migrant workers, with only 14. 4% of respondents living in owned housing, with the remaining respondents can select rentals, an alien relatives or their employers ' homes, and live in dormitories and sheds.
Survey, 77. 7%-honest migrant worker, there are differences between himself and the city in which the locals, including the main differences from the housing (39 per cent. 0%). Most of the migrant workers are facing "back home" and "act locally" double trouble, 98. And 4%. 1% per cent of respondents think the economy and employment pressures and lack of shelter is the biggest problem.
Work directly related to the stability and well-being. System has been hailed as the "iron rice bowl". However, for migrant workers in the cities, the survey found, only 56 of the city. 1% migrant workers and the current work unit signed a labor contract in written form.
People involved in the investigation, University Associate Professor, Faculty of social sciences and population Qi Yaqiang said, showing a significant portion of migrant workers also lack the stability and normality. And the difference is apparent on the happiness, signing labor contract "workers" happiness is higher than not signing labor contract "workers".
Enhance well-being must also improve the ability of urban public service
Happiness is the Chinese dream projection in the family. 18 the third plenary session of the full series deployments of deepening reform, promoted from different angles on the Chinese family happiness made a specific request.
Introduce Wang Haidong, the survey found that about half of the migrants made it clear that plans to stay there a long time city. For example, the proportion of migrant workers in Beijing to plan for long-term residence is 50. 93%. Chinese Academy of social sciences, Institute of population and labor economics doctoral Wang said, suggesting that the housing needs of migrant workers is far from being met, demands and capacity of public services to the city.
2013 family well-being hot spot of China: a survey report, the need to steadily push forward urban resident population of full coverage of basic public services, and steady resolve eligible immigrant population settled in the issue, and efforts to resolve them in employment, wages, difficulties with children's education, social security, housing, etc.
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of population and labor economics researcher Wang Guangzhou said the adjusted the housing needs of immigrants, is accelerating the urbanization process of an insurmountable barrier. In particular, should on the one hand a large advancing affordable housing projects to speed up the low-rent housing, affordable housing, renovation of shanty towns housing construction to address low-income housing problems of immigrants. The other hand, to increase the supply of ordinary commercial housing, such as low price, small and medium sized unit type and standard development of the housing market, to tame prices hikes to meet the housing needs of different levels of population.
The survey found that health is the first factors that affect family well-being. So, participation this investigation of Peking University Sociology Department Professor Lu Jiehua said, to achieved family happiness sense experience of maximize, needs strengthened for social just of concern, let public shared reform development results, avoid wealth gap further expanded, continues to perfect public health service, improve the groups of health situation and life quality, established vulnerable groups of economic and social support network, help its against potential of risk, strengthened its sense and social belonging sense.
新华网北京1月19日新媒体专电（“中国网事”记者李亚红 杨琳） 近几天，“十五道禁令约束公务员”成为网络热搜词；公务员“收入下降”“80后”公务员辞职自述等引起公众关注。而日前由国家卫生计生委家庭司发布的2013年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查显示，体制内人员整体上依然具有更高幸福感。幸福感从高到低的人群，依次是体制内人员、体制外人员、农民、外来务工者。
体制内人员包括政府机关公务员和在事业单位、国有企业工作的人员，体制外人员指在外企、私企就业者或个体工商户。值得关注的是，逾七成城市外来务工人员认为住房是影响家庭幸福的重要因素。专家指出，这说明相关领域的改革还有待深化。
调查显示：年轻人向往体制内
国家卫生计生委家庭司司长王海东介绍，本次调查按照不同地区经济、社会和人口发展状况，抽取北京、辽宁、安徽7个省（自治区、直辖市）的21个县级单位作为全国概率抽样样本点，采用调查员直接入户方式进行现场调查。实地调查总样本量为6000份，有效样本5998份。
调查发现，一个家庭幸福与否和家庭成员的健康、收入、安全感、人际关系等8方面休戚相关。不同的职业类型因其连带的收入、声望、压力等，也影响着不同群体的家庭幸福感体验。从职业性质来看，体制内人员比体制外人员、农民、外来务工者幸福感更强。
参与调查的一位社会学专家指出，近年来，众多年轻人投身公务员考试，希望挤进体制内，这可能是原因之一。与公务员职位同样受到热捧的还有事业单位、央企及大型国企等体制内工作岗位。
北京理工大学的硕士毕业生蔺丽参加了今年国家公务员考试，因几分之差与面试擦肩而过。“我不会放弃，已经开始着手准备参加老家的公务员考试了。”很多人和蔺丽一样，他们认为，进入体制内意味着：稳定收入、有保障、有安全感等。
住房影响“打工者”家庭幸福 稳定工作可提升幸福感
改革开放以来，数以亿计的农民离乡背井、外出务工，他们苦苦寻觅的正是生活质量的改善，最终实现更幸福的生活。由于外出务工往往伴随着长期或短期的家人分离，外来务工者的家庭幸福感尤其值得关注。
为深入了解城镇化背景下外来务工人员家庭幸福感状况，本次调查专门设计了针对这一群体的独立问卷，采取在工作场所集中调查的方式进行。尤其值得关注的是，城市里昂贵的房价击碎了很多“打工者”的幸福生活。
调查结果发现，71．10％的外来务工人员认为是否拥有住房是影响家庭幸福的重要因素。在此次调查的外来务工人员中，仅有14．4％的被调查者住在自购房里，其余被调查者只能选择租赁、寄居亲友或雇主家中、栖身集体宿舍和工棚等。
调查时，77．7％的外来务工人员坦陈，自己与所在城市本地人之间存在差异，其中最主要的差异来自住房（占比39．0％）。大部分外来务工人员面临着“返回老家”与“立足本地”的双重困境，98．4％和97．1％的被调查者认为经济及就业压力和没有住房是最大困扰。
工作稳定与幸福感直接相关。体制内被喻为“铁饭碗”。然而，对于城市里外来务工人员来说，调查发现，城市里仅有56．1％的外来务工人员与目前工作单位签订了书面劳动合同。
参与此次调查的中国人民大学社会与人口学院齐亚强副教授说，可见相当一部分外来务工人员还缺乏工作的稳定性、正规性。而这种差异在幸福感上有明显表现，签订劳动合同的“打工者”幸福感高于未签订劳动合同的“打工者”。
提升幸福感还须提高城市公共服务能力
幸福就是中国梦在家庭中的投影。十八届三中全会全面深化改革的系列部署，也从不同角度对提升中国家庭幸福感提出了具体要求。
王海东介绍，调查发现约有一半左右的外来务工者明确表示计划长期居留目前所在城市。比如，北京的外来务工人员计划长期居留的比例为50．93％。中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所博士后王军表示，这表明外来务工者的住房需求远未得到满足，同时给城市的公共服务能力提出了要求。
2013年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查报告提出，需要稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，稳步解决符合条件的外来人口落户问题，努力解决他们在劳动就业、工资待遇、子女教育、社会保障、住房等方面的困难。
中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所研究员王广州表示，调节好外来人口的住房需求，是加快推进城镇化过程中一个不可逾越的关口。具体而言，一方面应大规模推进保障性安居工程，加快廉租住房、经济适用住房、棚户区改造住房等建设，解决好低收入外来人口住房困难问题。另一方面，要增加中低价位、中小套型等普通商品房供应，规范发展住房市场，抑制房价过快上涨，满足不同层次外来人口的住房需求。
此次调查发现，健康是影响家庭幸福感的首位因素。因此，参与此次调查的北京大学社会学系教授陆杰华说，为了实现家庭幸福感体验的最大化，需要加强对于社会公正的关注，让公众共享改革发展成果，避免贫富差距进一步扩大，继续完善公共卫生服务，提高各群体的健康状况和生活质量，建立弱势群体的经济和社会支持网络，帮助其抵御潜在的风险，强化其安全感和社会归属感。
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